1. 1
F
F F
F F F F F
F F F F (Respiration)
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F F
(Amoeba)
F F F F F F
F F
F F F F
F F F FF F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F
F
(Sponge)
(ostia) F F (oscolum)
F F F F F F
F F F F F ( ) F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F

2. 2
(Hydra)
F
F F F F
F F F
(gastrovascular cavity) F F- F
F F
F F F F F F F
F F F F
F F F F
(Planaria)
F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F
F F F
F F F
F (Earth worm)
F F F F F
F F F F F
F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
F

3. 3
(Insect)
F F (tracheal system) F F
1) (spiracle) F F F
2) F (trachea)
3) F F (tracheoles) F F F F F
F F F F
F F (air sac) F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F F F F F
(Spider)
(Book lung)
F (book lung) F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F F F F

4. 4
(Fish)
F F F F
F F F (operculum) F
F F F F
F F
F
F
F F F F (gill
arch) F F F
F F F F F
(gill filament) F F
F F F
F F FF F FF
(Bird)
F
F F F F
F
F
F
F (air sac)
F F F F
F F
F
F F F F F F 8-9
F F F F F F F F
F F F
F F F F- F
F2 F F