The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Nepal Agricultural Economics Society (NAES) are jointly organizing Annual Conference of Nepal Agricultural Economics Society on February 13-14, 2015 at Conference Hall, Trade Tower, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. During the annual conference of NAES, a special session on “Convergences of Policies and Programs relating to Sustainable and Climate Resilient Agriculture” is being organized. The aim of this special session is to showcase the studies and experiences in South Asian countries on climate resilient agriculture and how they can learn from each other to formulate progressive and sustainable policies to promote climate smart agriculture in a regional perspective.

1. Jeevika Weerahewa, Buddhi Marambe, Pradeepa Silva, Gamini Pushpakumara,
and Diana De Alwis
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
February 13, 2014
Converging Policies and
Programs for Climate Resilient
Agriculture in Sri Lanka

2.  Issue
 Vulnerability, resilience and climate resilient agriculture
 Climate change and Sri Lankan Agriculture
 Building resilience through planned adaptation
 Objectives of the study
 Methodology
 An analysis of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Inland fisheries, Land,
Water Sector Policies
 Policy recommendations
Contents

3.  Vulnerability: Susceptibility to be adversely affected
 Resilience: Ability of a system to anticipate, absorb,
accommodate or recover from a shock in a timely and
efficient manner
Vulnerability and Resilience

4.  Impacts of climate change on agricultural systems
 Erratic precipitation: interferes with land preparation, time of
planting and harvesting, and the incidence of P & D.
 Droughts: cause water stress and reduces crop yield
 Increased precipitation: causes flooding, increased surface run-
off and soil erosion, landslides and destruction of crops.
 Increased ambient temperature: changes production levels of
both crop and animal agriculture and incidence of P & D
 An agricultural system that can mitigate and adapt to
climate change is a climate resilient agricultural system
What is climate resilient agriculture?

5. Vulnerabilities of the Sri Lankan
Agricultural Sector
• Wetter rainy seasons and drier dry seasons
• Serious implications for food production: reduce agriculture
productivity by 10-50% in next three decades (APAARI, 2012)

6. Diversification and Agroecological Intensification through Informed
choices (crops, and varieties; livestock and breeds, etc.)
Plant and Animal Genetic Resources
Irrigation water and watershed management
Agriculture know-how
Making farmers more market oriented
What is the role of the
government?
What is planned
adaptation?
How do we build
resilience?

7.  ADB + IFPRI report
 Adaptation policy should be an extension of development policy
(mainstreaming), but adaptation must go beyond good
development policy
 Key components of new and innovative measures to CC
 Changes in agricultural practices
 Changes in agricultural water management
 Agricultural diversification
 Developing agricultural science and technology
 Agricultural advisory and information systems
 Risk management and crop insurance
Review of Literature:
Recommended adaptation measures

8.  To investigate the extent to which above measures are
included in agricultural policy framework in Sri Lanka
Overall objective of this study

9. 1. Inventorize existing policies and programs from the lens of
sustainable and climate resilient agriculture
2. Analysis of these policies and programs with special reference to
their scope, investment, implementation, beneficiaries and impact
3. Nature and extent of existing convergence of these policies and
programs to contribute to sustainable and climate resilient
agriculture
4. How further convergence can be promoted among the existing
policies and programs to optimize the resources and maximize the
impacts
Specific objectives

10. 1. Inventory: Review of policy documents of Ministries of
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries, Land, Water
2. Implementation: Budget proposals and national investment
plans
3. Convergence: Climate smart agricultural policies, i.e.,
recommended adaptation measures versus existing
measures
4. Further convergence: Stakeholder interviews and synthesis of
findings
Methodology

11. National
Policies
Ordinances
and acts
Regulations Programs Projects
Government Policy Framework

12.  National Agricultural Policy (2007)
 National Agricultural Research Policy (2003-2010)
 National Seed Policy (1996)
 National Livestock Development Policy (2007)
 National Agricultural Research Policy (2012)
 National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)
 National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Policy (2006)
 National Watershed Management Policy (2004)
 National Rain Water Policy and Strategies (2005)
 National Land Use Policy (2007)
1. Inventory of National Policies

13.  Soil conservation act (No. 25 of 1951 and No. 24 of 1996), Seed act (No. 22 of
2003), Regulation of Fertilizer Act (No. 68 of 1988), Control of Pesticides Act (No.
33 of 1980), Plant Protection Act (No. 35 of 1999), Felling of trees (No. 30 of 1953)
 Land Settlement Ordinance (No. 20 of 1931), Land Development Ordinance (No.
19 of 1935), Land Acquisition Act (No. 9 of 1950), Paddy Land Act of 1956, Land
Reforms Act of 1974, Land Reclamation and Development Corporation Act (No.
35 of 2006), Agrarian Services Development Act (No. 15 of 1968 and No. 46 of
2000), Title Registration Act (No. 21 of 1988)
 Pasture Land Reservation and Development Act (No. 4 of 1983), Animal Feed Act
(No. 15 of 1986), Animal Disease Act
 Forest Ordinance and Forest Amendment Act (No. 65 of 2009), Fauna and Flora
Protection (Amendment) Act (No. 49 of 1993),
 Fisheries and Aquatic Development Act (No. 2 of 1996),National Aquaculture
Development Authority Act (No. 53 of 1998)
1. Inventory of Ordinances, Acts and
Legislations

14.  Divinaguma National Program, Commercial Farm Program, Organic Fertilizer
Production and Utilization Youth Agri Entrepreneurship Program,
 Livestock Breeding Program, Goat Breeding Program
 Aquatic Resources and Quality Improvement Project
 Dayata Sevana National Tree Planting Program, Farmers Woolotprogram, Village
Reforestration Program, Joint Forest Management Program, Homegarden
Development Program
 National Land Title Registration Program
 Extension of Mahaweli Consolidation Project, Rideemaliyadda, Welioya, and
Rambaken Oya Integrated Development Projects, Kivul Oya Reservoir
Development Project,
 Upper Mahaweli Watershed Management Project
1. Inventory of Programs and Projects

15.  Budget Speech 2015
 Crop insurance scheme for compensation for crop damages
 Unstoppable Sri Lanka: Public Investment Plan
 Documentation as of December 31, 2015.
2. Implementation: Budgetary Allocations

16. Level Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
National Strong extension service
Functioning credit markets
Market information system
Climate information system
Community IPM
Transfer of indigenous knowledge
Farm Zero till
Organic agriculture
Low input agriculture
Changing planting dates and crop
varieties
Soil and water conservation
IPM and pathogen management
Supplementary livestock feeds
3. Convergence: Agricultural Practices

17. Level Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
National Investment in large-scale
systems
---
Reservoirs ---
Community Small reservoirs ---
Watershed management ---
Water trading ---
Farm Water harvesting ---
On farm irrigation ---
Soil and water conservation ---
Drip and sprinkler systems ---
Groundwater use ---
3. Convergence: Water Management

18. Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
Shrimp and/or rice farming in
coastal areas with rising sea levels
Migration
Off-farm work -- -- -- --
3. Convergence: Agricultural
Diversification

19. Level Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
National Drought-and/or heat-resistant
crops/animal
Salinity tolerant varieties
Water conserving crops, and animal
breeds
Community Participatory crop breeding
3. Convergence: Agricultural S & T

20. Level Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
National Support dissemination of climate-resilient
varieties, technologies, and practices;
Disseminate (seasonal) climate forecast
Community Farmer-to farmer training
3. Convergence: Agricultural advisory
and information systems

21. Level Strategy Policy
Statements
Legislati
ons
Programs
and Projects
Budgetary
Allocations
National Weather index insurance
Community Contract farming
weather index insurance
futures and option
contracts
Farm Crop insurance
3. Convergence: Agricultural risk
management and crop insurance

22.  National policies
 National Environment Policy (2003)
 National Climate Change Policy (2012)
 National Policy on Protection and Conservation of Water
Sources, their Catchments and Reservations in Sri Lanka (2014)
3. Convergence through cross cutting policies

23.  Policy objectives
 Too much emphasis on farm incomes (instead of profitability)
and rice self sufficiency reduced opportunities for diversification
and commercialization of agriculture
 Little emphasis on provision of security to farmers (to help in
managing risk and uncertainty in diversification)
 No long term planning; conservative thinking and short term
measures
4. Further Convergence: Stakeholder Views

24.  Policy design
 Need to be based on more scientific evidence (such as a
climate prediction systems)
 Need for a strengthened extension services (back to KVS system)
 Insurance system for crop losses as well as market prices
 Need for a good marketing system (government demand,
private, export)
 Varieties resistant for salinity, acidity, drought (beyond paddy)
 Need for capital investments and value addition
4. Further Convergence: Stakeholder Views

25.  Legislations
 A new seed act has been proposed and new Plant Varieties
Protection act is to be legislated.
 Cabinet can direct the treasury to finance the activities in a
national policy even before needed legislations are formed
 Ability to implement programs and projects once a national
policy is approved by the cabinet (even without specific
guidance from acts and legislation)
 No one-to-one match between acts and institutions
4. Further Convergence: Stakeholder Views
(ctd...)

26.  Implementation
 Multiple agencies (devolved subjects at national and provincial
levels)
 Responsibilities of the implementation of an act are shared by
multiple departments providing room for political interferences
 Advantage of being small, flexibility to change
 Absence of an intelligence team to forecast market trends
 Not much room for innovative and novel development
approaches (motivation/HR)
4. Further Convergence: Stakeholder Views
(ctd...)

27. Agricultural water
management
Agricultural practices
Developing agriculture
science and technology
Agriculture
diversification
Agriculture
education,
advisory and
information system
Insurance
“…….Having a good marketing
system is the key to divert farmers
from paddy in to other field
crops. At present, farmers treat
‘paddy’ as their insurance
package…….”
“…………by providing market
and climate information through
a reliable extension system and
by facilitating development of
insurance markets will make the
Sri Lankan agricultural markets
climate resilient……..”
“…….the regulatory framework
of the Sri Lankan government is
very strong in irrigation and water
management……. “

28.  Attractive policy statements; some convergence with the
sectoral development policies and no serious
divergencies
 Some minor issues due to the lack of regulations in the
legal provisions given by the legislations
 Major issues are with the implementation; difficulties in
coordination among multiple agencies, political
interference and budgetary restrictions
Conclusions

29.  Promote utilization of traditional varieties and breeds which are more
resistant to climate shocks and identify practices based on traditional
knowledge that will enable farming systems to be more climate resilient
 Improve the capacities of the Department of Agriculture for effective
enforcement of the Soil Conservation Act No. 24 of 1986 (as Amended)
 Update agro-ecological maps and educating farmers on potential
agricultural diversification measures
 Strengthen the agricultural marketing system
 Introduce forward contract systems
Policy Recommendations: Agriculture
sub-sector

30.  Expedite amending the seed act and issuing of the new act on new plant
varieties
 Strengthen the activities of the Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research
Policy(SLCARP) for demand-driven and coordinated agricultural research
 Develop salt tolerant crop varieties that are resistant to saline and acidic
conditions
 Strengthen the existing agriculture extension by recruiting diploma holders
and obtain their services to provide market information and climate
information to the farmers
 Revisit the crop insurance program, identify draw backs and introduce
viable crop insurance program.
Policy Recommendations: Agriculture
sub-sector (cont…)

31.  Implement supplementary livestock feed programs.
 Strengthen livestock marketing system
 Strengthen forward contract systems
 Promote integrated farming in order to enhance the
resilience in the given system.
 Preserve and promote utilization of farm animal genetic
resources of indigenous breeds
Policy Recommendations: Livestock sub-
sector

32.  Promote utilization of traditional breeds which are more
resistant to climate shocks and identify practices based on
traditional knowledge
 Introduce effective integrated management systems to
promote fishing in seasonal tanks
 Promote integrated farming in order to enhance the resilience
in the given system.
 Develop salt tolerant fish that are resistant to saline and acidic
conditions
Policy Recommendations: Fisheries sub-
sector

33.  Strengthen existing programs designed for soil and water
conservation,
 Promote investments on rehabilitation of small and
medium tanks
 Design new regulations on ground water harvesting
 Fully implement the Land titling act of 1998 with clear land
property rights to farmers in settlement schemes.
Policy Recommendations: Water and
Land sub-sectors

34.  Design effective agroforestry systems (including REDD+)
with policy and legislative support
Policy Recommendations: Forestry sub-
sector

35.  Update agro-ecological maps and educating farmers on potential agricultural
diversification measures
 Ensure the availability of resources for science and technology advancement related to
climate change resilience and adaptability
 Regularize the activities to develop climate hazard/ vulnerability mapping and make the
information on climate risks public in a more frequent manner
 Strengthen existing early warning systems including a system for seasonal climate
forecasting
 Establish a climate intelligence unit
 Introduce measures to improve coordination across agencies and minimize political
interferences (good governance)
Policy Recommendations: Cross-cutting

36. Thank You

37. Youth Agri-Entrepreneurship Program (2014)
 Initial workshop: Educating about how to join this programme
 Field visits: Educating participants on modern agricultural methods and their practical
applications in farming
 Technological workshops: Residential workshop on modern agricultural farming,
marketing management, financial management, and leadership training
PROGRAMMES
Agricultural Practices
Strong Extension Services

38. Promotion programme for organic fertilizer production and utilization
Increasing production and utilization of organic fertilizer
Minimizing chemical fertilizer use
Reducing chemical fertilizer import
Encourage farmers to use organic fertilizer in addition to chemical fertilizer
Dissemination of compost production with due standard
One farmer should produce 2 Mt of compost
Anticipated total production of compost in all four district (Hambantota,
Ampara, Batticaloa, Trincomalee) is 48,000 MT
PROGRAMMES
Agricultural Practices
Organic Agriculture

39. Commercial Farm Program
Off- season cultivation, Mid-season cultivation
PROGRAMMES
Agricultural Practices
Changing Planting Dates and Crop
Varieties

40. Commercial farm programme
 2 Days skill development workshop for farmers
 Selected commercial farmers will be given a field training related to
basic knowledge on commercial farming.
PROGRAMMES
Agricultural advisory and information systems
Farmer to Farmer Training

41. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Development of Sri Lanka School of Agriculture (350million)
Budget Speech, 2015
Increase the cadre of Agrarian Service Department, DOA & Provincial
Agricultural Divisions to promote extension services
Allocation of Rs 700 million to expand capacity of training centers at
several locations to increase training programs for field officers as well as
small and medium dairy farmers
Recruit 500 technical assistants to the field of Animal Husbandry in 2015 to
expand extension work
BUDGETS
Agricultural Practices
Strong Extension Services

42. Mahinda Chinthana
 550 Agrarian service centers spread thought the island
 Set up a National Agricultural Information Exchange
National Agricultural Policy
 12.1 recognize and strengthen existing extension system to disseminate innovation and information to the farming
community
 12.2 introduce modern information communication technology (ICT) for effective information dissemination to the
farming community
 12.3 Redesign and modernize the curricula and courses in the schools of agriculture and other training institutes to
meet the current and future demands of the agricultural sector
 12.5 provide opportunities for agricultural scientists and farmers to local trainers and foreign trainers for skills
development
National Agriculture Research Policy
 Encourage strategic partnerships and sharing knowledge among partners on agriculture research methodologies and
innovations focusing on current and emerging issues such as climate change
National policy on Protection and conservation of water resources, their catchments and
reservations in Sri Lanka
 Policies related to awareness and participation(11)
National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka
 Institutions providing services / facilities for land use will be strengthened so as to provide the people, with a better
service
 Awareness and educational programs on proper and scientific land use will be implemented
 Training, awareness and educational programmes relevant to the protection, conservation and improvement of the
quality of the natural resources associated with land will be implemented
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Strong Extension Services

43. Mahinda Chinthana
 Farmer banking system will be strengthened further and action will be taken to provide all the
loans required by the farmer through this system.
National Agricultural Policy
 9.1 strengthen rural credits institutions connected with farmers’ investments, savings and risk
management
 9.2 introduce simple producers in providing loan facilities for agricultural activities and agro
based industries
 9.3 ensure availability of credit to farmers at concessionary interest rate
 9.4 establish a mandatory share for agricultural credit in the state bank’s overall lending for
the benefit of the farming communities
National Livestock Development Policy
 Increase funding of research & extension on pasture & forages (Development of Animal feed
resource 3.4,i)
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Functioning Credit Markets

44. National Agricultural Policy
14.5 facilitate marketing information dissemination and marketing operations
through the establishment of district level agro enterprises centers
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Market Information System

45. National Agricultural Policy
1.4 promote good agricultural practices such as IPM and IPNM for sustainable
agricultural development
4.3 promote the production and use of environmental friendly bio pesticides with
public and private sector participation
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Integrated Pest Management

46. Mahinda Chinthana
The use of organic fertilizer and its production will be further encouraged
National Agricultural Policy
3.1, Promote production and utilization of organic and bio-fertilizer and gradually
reduce the use of chemical fertilizer
3.4 promote manufacturing fertilizer using locally available raw materials
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Organic Agriculture

47. National Agricultural Policy
6.2 Conserve the existing water resources for sustainable agricultural development
8.2 create awareness among the farming communities on the importance of soil
conservation for sustainable agricultural development
8.1Enforce implementation of the provisions of the soil conservation act to ensure
proper soil conservation
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Soil and Water Conservation Techniques

48. National Agricultural Policy
4.1 minimize the use of synthetic pesticides through promoting bio fertilizer
and gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizer
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Integrated Pest and Pathogen Management
Techniques

49. National Livestock Development Policy
Development of hay and silage making systems (Development of Animal
feed resource 3.4,vi)
POLICIES
Agricultural Practices
Supplementary Livestock Feeds

50. National Agricultural Policy
6.5 Safe guard irrigation reservoirs , canals , drainage
systems and other structures from damage by natural
calamities and usage
National Drinking Water Policy
Promote and actively involved in water
source/catchments protection programmes
POLICIES
Water Management
Reservoirs

51. National Drinking Water Policy
 Promote and actively involve in conservation and effective management of water sheds to ensure
sustainable use of water for the communities
National Policy on Protection and Conservation of Water Resources, their Catchments
and Reservations in Sri Lanka
 Policies for the strengthen of institutions
 Policies for the identification, demarcating of boundaries conservation and protection of water
sources and related areas
National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka
 To prevent encroachments on reservations and highly environmentally sensitive areas
 Environmentally sensitive areas will be identified and measures will be taken to protect and conserve
such areas
 All the lands 1600m.above the mean sea level will be protected and conserved
 All unutilized lands with over 60% slope will be under permanent forestry and grass land
 Natural forests which have a high biological and hydrological value will be conserved as strict
conservation forests. Other forests will be allocated for regulated multiple use
 The reservations of all natural and man made watercourses and sources whether private or state will
be demarcated and protected through appropriate conservation measures. If needed, action will be
taken to acquire private lands
 In managing land and water resources, river catchments will be considered as the management unit
 Conservation and management of wetlands will be undertaken in accordance with land use plans
POLICIES
Water Management
Watershed management

52. National Drinking Water Policy
Non government organizations have acted and will continue to act as proxies for
communities and have also developed medium and small scale water supply
systems for communities.
POLICIES
Water Management
Water Trading

53. National Agricultural Policy
 Improve efficiency of rain fed agriculture through water harvesting mulching and
other appropriate techniques(6.3)
National Rainwater Policy And Strategies
Rainwater harvesting shall be made mandatory, yet introduced in phases, in all
areas
Under Municipal and Urban council jurisdiction within a prescribed time period, as
will be prescribed in law, for certain categories of buildings and development
works, and shall be strongly promoted in all Pradeshiya Sabha areas.
Issue of circulars through relevant Ministries and line agencies, to make rainwater
harvesting techniques standard in all building Designs and Bills of Quantities, in all
future new Government buildings, as utility and demonstration purposes, within a
prescribed time. Simultaneously fund allocation through the Provincial Councils,
on an annual basis to incorporate and monitor such measures in all existing
structures with roof potential, at central locations, for public awareness.
POLICIES
Water Management
Water Harvesting

54. Mahinda Chinthana
5000 drip irrigation unites have been distributed in dry zone
15000 unites will be given in next three years
POLICIES
Water Management
Drip and Sprinkler Systems

55. Mahinda Chinthana
Breeding varieties of agricultural crops that can withstand
the harsh conditions of the dry zone and are suitable for
short-term harvesting
National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)
Grading up of exotic breeds
Maintain the existing indigenous breeds of livestock
POLICIES
Agricultural Science & Technology
Drought-and/or heat-resistant crops

56. National Livestock Development Policy (2006)
Salinity tolerant pasture spp. will be introduced
(Development of Animal feed resource 3.4,ii)
POLICIES
Agricultural S& T
Salinity Tolerant Varieties

57. Mahinda Chinthana
Research institutions will be given all facilities for breeding
varieties of agricultural crops that can withstand the harsh
conditions of the dry zone
National Agricultural Policy (2007)
20.1 collect and conserve crop varieties and their wild relatives
for future crop breeding and improvement programme
POLICIES
Agricultural S& T
Participatory Crop Breeding

58. National Livestock Development Policy (2007)
Technologies for fibrous feed utilization will be introduced and promote
more effective use of paddy straw (Development of Animal feed resource
3.4,vii)
National Livestock Breeding Policy (2010)
There should be organizations and/or institutions to supply the
recommended pure and crossbred breeding bulls of different genetic
compositions is the responsibility of the NLDB
POLICIES
Agricultural advisory and information systems
Support dissemination of climate-resilient varieties,
technologies, and practices

59. Mahinda Chinthana
Under concept of the One village -one crop, cultivators
will be trained
POLICIES
Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems
Farmer-to farmer training

60. National Agricultural Policy (2012)
10.1 introduce appropriate agricultural insurance
schemes to protect the farmers from the risk associated
with natural calamities
POLICIES
Agricultural Risk Management And Crop Insurance
Crop Insurance

61. Budget Speech, 2015
Extend agricultural credit to farmers those who cultivate in
rehabilitated lands using organic fertilizer
BUDGETS
Agricultural Practices
Functioning credit markets

62. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Production and use of Organic fertilizer (270 per
annum),popularization of Organic Fertilizer in coconut(100)
Pilisaru Solid waste management Program-helps to popularized
use of compost among farmers as a eco friendly and low cost
fertilizer(5,600)
Budget Speech, 2015
Three –year rehabilitation program to restore abundant paddy
lands and put them back for cultivation using organic fertilizer –
Rs 2300 million
BUDGETS
Agricultural Practices
Organic Agriculture

63. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Community forestry programme-formation of community forestry group,
prepare community forestry group, prepare community forestry
management plans, capacity development of officers of forest
department
Budget Speech, 2015
Continue Rs. 5000 per acre grant assistance to support land preparation
towards water retention, soil conservation and use of organic fertilizer for
small holder tea sector
Increase Kapruka investment loans up to Rs. 3 million to cover soil
improvement and water retention in coconut lands
BUDGETS
Agricultural Practices
Soil and Water Conservation Techniques

64. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
 Renovation existing building and supply of equipment-Kotmale (90),Construction of main
canal, distributor canal, field canal, development of agricultural roads, village centers,
community centers and other infrastructure development of land(38,500),construction of
flood protection bund, drainage canal(700)
 Installation of hydro metrological information systems(HMIS)(700)Flood and drought
mitigation/climate resilience program (11,300).Development study in flood and drought
management through development of water resources in the Mahaweli and related river
basins(270)
Budget Speech, 2015
 Propose to increase the irrigation budget by further Rs. 15,000 million for the early
completion of Yan Oya, Uma Oya and Moragahakanda development programs and
to commence work connected with Gin river, Nilwala river, Kelani river, Howpe dam
scheme, Ma Oya and Badulu Oya - Ranella, Malwathu Oya, Kalinga Nuwara, Veli
Oya, Kalugal Oya, Maha Galgamuwa Weva and Thalpitigala reservoir development and
to further develop downstream and livelihood activities associated with Weheragala,
Rambaken Oya and Deduru Oya reservoirs
BUDGETS
Water Management
Investment in large-scale systems

65. Budget Speech, 2015
several major and minor irrigation systems totaling 678 were
rehabilitated at a cost of about Rs.3,000 million to create extra water
storage capacity in Hambantota, Monaragala, Anuradapura,
Kurunegala, Mannar, Polonnaruwa and Vavunia districts
BUDGETS
Water Management
Reservoirs

66. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Rehabilitation of minor irrigation scheme
Budget Speech, 2015
Allocation of Rs. 2000 million to build small dams across rivers flowing
through dry zone plains, to create water reservoirs
BUDGETS
Water Management
Small Reservoirs

67. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Establishment of national center for isotope hydrology
and tracer application-water resource management
Budget Speech, 2015
Allocate 10 million to each relevant DS in order to
cultivate animal fodder in reserved areas, rehabilitation if
water tanks, other facilities to prevent wild life entering to
villagers
BUDGETS
Water Management
Watershed management

68. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Rideemaliadda integrated development-Improve water
access through agro wells and micro irrigation facilities
BUDGETS
Water Management
Drip and Sprinkler Systems

69. Unstoppable Sri Lanka 2020
Encouragement of poultry farming as a self employment
BUDGETS
Agricultural Diversification
Shrimp and/or Rice Farming in Coastal Areas with
Rising Sea Levels

70. Budget Speech, 2015
Rejuvenation of Sugar Plantation Industry, revived to increase sugar
production, increase livelihood earnings of 25000 families in Uva and
Eastern provinces
Rs. 5000 million to build modern sugar manufacturing farms at Kanthale,
Hugurana, Pelwatta to develop small holder plantation under Sri Lanka
Sugar Company
Increase FGP of sugarcane Rs. 4500/MT
BUDGETS
Agricultural S& T
Drought-and/or Heat-resistant Crops

71. Budget Speech, 2015
Set up a Plantation Academy to develop new generation of professional
planters and small holder planters to training on Best Agricultural Practices
and technology skills
BUDGETS
Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems
Support Dissemination of Climate-Resilient Varieties,
Technologies, and Practices

72. Budget Speech, 2015
GPS for Paddy Rs. 34-40/kg and GPS for onion, potato, dry chili and
maize
Agricultural Risk Management and Crop Insurance
Futures and Options Contracts
BUDGETS

73. Budget Speech, 2015
Give paddy seeds for all small farmers free of charge in 2014/2014
Maha season
Crop Insurance scheme for compensation for crop damages.
Increase the famer pension scheme by Rs. 5000 million support their
livelihood
(Not necessarily for climate related damages)
BUDGETS
Agricultural Risk Management and Crop Insurance
Crop Insurance

74. Soil conservation Act No 25 of 1951
The director has the power to provide credit facilities to the
land owner in order to implement necessary soil conservation
practices
Agrarian Development Act No 46 of 2000
Establishment of the land bank and provide financial
assistance to tenant farmers through land banks
Farmers organization have the power to obtain loan facilities
(part iv,45,i)
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Practices
Functioning credit markets

75. Soil conservation Act No 25 of 1951
Banding or prevention of complete weeding or
agricultural practices which leads to soil erosion
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Practices
Zero till

76. Fertilizer Act No 68 of 1988
Any person who manufactures organic fertilizer for his own
consumption, shall not be require to obtain license
 Any person who manufactures organic fertilizer for marketing
purposes shall obtain a license and such license shall in respect
of the year, be issued free of charge.
The fee payable in respect of an application for the renewal
of a license by any person who manufactures organic fertilizer
for marketing purposes shall be 5000 Rs
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Practices
Organic Agriculture

77. Soil conservation Act No 25 1951
Propose activities, research, coordinate activities to enhance the
soil productivity, maintained the soil productivity, enhance the soil
conservation. 4,(e)
Authorizing any prescribed officer or person to give directions for
seasonal or periodical changes in the type of crops cultivated or
adoption of cultivation practices for the purpose of promoting soil
conservation.
6(c)
Controlling of grazing animals to reduce soil erosion
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Practices
soil and water conservation techniques

78. Plant Protection Act (No 35 of 1999)
Can’t keep, sell, grow or distribute plants infected by
quarantine pathogens. (Part III,7.3)
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Practices
Integrated Pest and Pathogen Management
Techniques

79. Soil conservation Act (No. 25 of 1951)
Minister has the power to prevent flooding conditions or drought conditions which
could be a resulted due to water storage or water divergent. Minister has the
power to decide the time of irrigation and method of irrigation with the intention
of ensuring the efficient use of available water
Agrarian development act (No. 46 of 2000)
Interference with protection of irrigation work (part vii 83.i)
Sri Lanka land Reclamation & Development corporation (Amendment) Act No 35 of
2006
No building or any structure constructed on any area declared to be a canal
reservation (5,4A,i)
Pollution of any canal under canal reservation fine would be between Rs.100000-
500000 (20C,i)
LEGISLATIONS
Water Management
Small reservoirs

80. Soil conservation Act No 25 of 1951
Establishment of the forest areas in watersheds, Establish
the non agricultural land areas along the river basins and
protect the vegetation along the river basins
LEGISLATIONS
Water Management
Watershed management

81. Agrarian Development Act No 46 of 2000
Supervision & administration of irrigation works to be done
under the farmer organization (part vii 81,i)
Legislations
Water Management
On farm irrigation

82. Soil Conservation Act No 25 of 1951
The minister has the power to decide the methods (To
maintain soil fertility, to soil water conservation) which should
be adhere by the land owners.
The minister has the power to provide necessary command to
the land owners to prevention or control of soil erosion.
Prohibiting or controlling the exploitation of forest and grass
lands resources in the interests of soil conservation.
LEGISLATIONS
Water Management
Soil and water conservation

83. Agrarian Development Act No 46 of 2000
Should take permission to dig wells for cultivation (part vii
89.1)
When use well water for cultivation should take step to
prevent wastage of water (part vii 89.2)
LEGISLATIONS
Water Management
Groundwater use

84. Seed Act No 22 of 2003
Giving technical knowledge and necessary coordination
for standardization of seeds by seed producers
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural Advisory and Information Systems
Support Dissemination of Climate-resilient Varieties,
Technologies, and Practices

85. Seed Act No 22 of 2003
Aware farmers about need of seed policy, how purchase
quality seeds and planting materials, problems related to
bad seed usage, seed distribution.
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural advisory and information systems
Farmer-to farmer training

86. Land development ordinance (No. 19 of 1935)
Crop Insurance Scheme that was introduced
LEGISLATIONS
Agricultural risk management and crop insurance
Crop insurance

87. National Rainwater Policy and Strategies (2005)
Prevent depletion of groundwater, by recharge and preserve it at
higher levels and quality, Minimizing water stress during droughts,
and enhancing the vitality of all life forms
Use the vast underground storage capacity of Earth along with the
‘Wewa’, ‘Kulam’ to enhance the water levels of the ‘Pathaha’, ‘dug
or tube well’,’ spring, river, or any other water source, using
traditional wisdom, acceptable participatory mechanisms, and by
appropriate combinations of available methods such as, Storage
structures, Contour Bunds and Drains, Sub-surface cut off walls,
mulch , contour tree planting etc.
POLICIES
Water Management
Groundwater Use

88. National Agriculture Research Policy (2012)
Facilitate collection, documentation, validation and development of
traditional knowledge pertaining to agriculture
POLICY
Agricultural Practices
Transfer of Indigenous Knowledge

89. National Land Use Policy of Sri Lanka
Peoples’ participation in the sustainable use of land
resources will be enhanced
Action will be taken to rehabilitate degraded lands
Adoption of suitable and effective conservation measures
will be a pre-requisite and essential condition for
agricultural land use
POLICIES
Water Management
Soil and Water Conservation