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1. Prymnesium parvum : Analysis of Pigmentation Dynamics Over Growth by Alexis Martinez Identification through Bio-Optical Signatures by Merissa Ludwig REU Program Texas A&M University Summer 2005

4. Golden Algae Family Tree Illustrations by Robert G. Howells, TPWD

16. Problem Research Solution Persistent toxic algae with the ability to decimate fish, bivalve, and other phytoplankton populations. Texas economy feels effect in declining tourism and recreation due to dead fish. Knowledge about P. parvum is limited, inability to detect indicators prior to harmful algal bloom. Immediate need for simple, rapid, and more accurate method to detect P. parvum and to identify possible indicators before harmful algal bloom.

26. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fig. 1. Preparative and analytical procedures for HPLC from Millie et. al. (1993).

30. Results

33. A B C

34. Pigment ratio statistics of entire sampling period (Day 3 – 24) 57 30 38 18 24 15 COV % 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.04 0.01 STDV 0.03 0.20 0.01 0.48 0.15 0.05 AVG C 39 24 53 21 23 27 COV % 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.11 0.04 0.02 STDV 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.53 0.18 0.06 AVG B 56 13 57 12 21 33 COV % 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.02 STDV 0.02 0.19 0.01 0.49 0.16 0.05 AVG A Zeax- Diado-/Diato Viola- Fuco- Chl c1c2 Chl c3 TOTAL

35. Growth Phase Pigmentation Dynamics (highlighted areas display very high correlation of coefficient values) 86 23 40 14 21 16 COV % 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.01 STDV 0.02 0.16 0.01 0.47 0.13 0.05 AVG C 56 28 82 25 31 39 COV % 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.14 0.05 0.02 STDV 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.55 0.16 0.06 AVG B 74 10 90 10 30 42 COV % 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.02 STDV 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.50 0.15 0.06 AVG A Zeax- Diado-/Diato Viola- Fuco- Chl c1c2 Chl c3 GROWTH

36. Stationary Phase Pigmentation Dynamics 20 0 47 12 27 0 COV % 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.00 STDV 0.04 0.23 0.02 0.48 0.16 0.05 AVG C 16 23 0 12 13 17 COV % 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.01 STDV 0.04 0.25 0.01 0.55 0.20 0.06 AVG B 29 5 11 13 7 15 COV % 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.01 STDV 0.03 0.21 0.01 0.50 0.18 0.05 AVG A Zeax- Diado-/Diato Viola- Fuco- Chl c1c2 Chl c3 STATIONARY

37. Comparison of separating analysis over phases versus using entire sampling period 57 30 38 18 24 15 TOTAL 20 0 47 12 27 0 STATIONARY 86 23 40 14 21 16 GROWTH C 39 24 53 21 23 27 TOTAL 16 23 0 12 13 17 STATIONARY 56 28 82 25 31 39 GROWTH B 56 13 57 12 21 33 TOTAL 29 5 11 13 7 15 STATIONARY 74 10 90 10 30 42 GROWTH A Zeax- Diado-/Diato Viola- Fuco- Chl c1c2 Chl c3 COV %

39. Rapid Detection through use of Optical Signatures Merissa Ludwig

45. Absorbance