The document discusses the history of schizophrenia from ancient times to modern day. It describes how schizophrenia was first identified as a distinct mental illness in 1887 by Emil Kraepelin. The term "schizophrenia" was coined in 1911 by Eugen Bleuler to describe symptoms of fragmented thinking and perception. It also provides statistics on the prevalence of schizophrenia and discusses potential causes like genetics, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors.

1. SCHIZOPHRENIA

16. Coronal MR scans from a normal comparison subject (left), and chronic schizophrenic (right). Note increase in CSF in right amygdala-hippocampal complex. (image courtesy of Harvard University Schizophrenia Project

17. Variability maps are similar in both groups with highest variability in the posterior horns (NC = normal controls, SZ = schizophrenic patients). Increases in LH ventricle length and volume were determined. The color bar encodes the root mean square magnitude of variability in millimeters

18. Displacement maps show the magnitude of displacement (mm) between schizophrenic patients and normal controls as represented by the color bar for the lateral ventricles and corpus callosum. A significant vertical displacement of the lateral ventricles in schizophrenic patients reflects a bilateral increase in ventricular volume, and corresponds to the displacement of the corpus callosum

19. Mapping Brain Tissue Loss in Adolescents with Schizophrenia. This map reveals the 3-dimensional profile of gray matter loss in the brains of teenagers with early-onset schizophrenia, with a region of greatest loss in the temporal and frontal brain regions that control memory, hearing, motor functions, and attention. Using novel image analysis algorithms, dramatic reductions in the profiles of gray matter were detected, based on a database of 96 images from schizophrenic patients scanned repeatedly with MRI. The parallel extraction of anatomical models from all patients in the image database required 60 CPU hours, when running in parallel on an SGI RealityMonster with 32 internal CPUs. [Image by Paul Thompson, Christine Vidal, Judy Rapoport, and Arthur Toga].

24. DISORGANIZED TYPE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

25. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA