Thermoelectric Effect in superconductor

1. Career Point University
The Thermo-Electric Effect
PRESENTED BY-SOURABH GUPTA
UID-K11180
BRANCH-MECHANICAL
SUBMITTED TO- MR.ADITYA MISHRA

2. What is it?
The thermoelectric effect is the
direct conversion of temperature
differences to electric voltage or
vice-versa.
The direction of heat flow can be
controlled by changing polarity of
the voltage source

3. History
 In the 1820’s Thomas Seebeck (Germany)
discovered that if two metals at different
temperatures were touching you could
create an electric current
 Jean Peltier discovered that the opposite
was also true. By sending a current through
two metals you could create differences in
temperature

4. Why does this Effect Occur?
Charge Carrier Diffusion and Phonon Drag
Seebeck Effect Peltier Effect

5. Thermoelectric Module

6. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
 Pairs of P and N type conductors are both it
contact with a copper plate.
 There will thermo power until the system is
at equilibrium. (All three materials are at
the same temperature)

7. Semiconductors
 Semiconductors have an electrical
conductivity between materials like copper
and glass
 They possess and interesting property
where its conductivity increases with
added temperature
 P and N type (thermocouples)
semiconductors are created by doping.

8. Physics Behind It
 Efficiency= e =
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑
 Voltage = V = (SB-SA)*(T2-T1)
 Thermo Power (V/K) = S = -
∆𝑉
∆𝑇

9. Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics
Pcond= kA((Th-Tc)/L)
k=1.5
A= 0.03 m2
Th=100°C
Tc=RT (21°C)
L=0.005m
711 W/m/°C

10. Applications
 Thermoelectric generator
 Cooling Computers
 Drink Coolers
 Recharging Devices
 Space Probes
 Solar Power
 Clothing
 Useful, Quiet, no Moving Parts
 It is less efficient (10%) and more expensive

11. Test for Understanding
 The USB Coffee cup warmer is an
example of the Seebeck Effect or the
Peltier Effect?
 Before the P and N type Semiconductors
what material were used instead as
thermal couples for thermoelectric
modules?
 What are the advantages of using
thermoelectric generators over, for
example heat engines?

12. References
Rockwood, Alan L. (1984). "Relationship of thermoelectricity to
electronic entropy". Phys. Rev. A 30 (5): 2843–4. Bibcode
1984PhRvA..30.2843R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.30.2843
G. Jeffrey Snyder and Eric S. Toberer "Complex Thermoelectric
Materials" Nature Materials 7, 105-114 (2008).
CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics, Introduction, Edited by D.M.
Rowe, CRC Press, 1995.
G. Jeffrey Snyder, Tristan Ursell. "Thermoelectric efficiency and
compatibility" Physical Review Letters, Vol 91 p. 148301 (2003)

13. THANK YOU