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Completable future
1.
2.
3.
Completable Future Srinivasan Raghavan Senior
Member of Technical Staff Java Platform Group Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
4.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Program Agenda java.util.Future Introduction Cloud Services Design and the fight for Performance CompletableFuture and power of parallelism Building powerful libraries with Completable Future 1 2 3 4 4
5.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | java.util.Future Introduction • Before jdk1.5 , no java.util.concurrent.*, only threads ,synchronized primitives • W ite o e , u a ywhe e ? – g eat su ess , But u it a illio ti es , wo k the sa e ? ig uestio • In came java.util.concurrent.* with executor service and future tasks and many other concurrency constructs • A java.util.Future is a construct which holds a result available at a later time • Future is asynchronous , but its not non-blocking 5
6.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | The Executor Service and Future Task • Executors contains pool of threads which accepts tasks and supplies to the Future • When a task is submitted to the executor it returns a future and future.get() would block the computation until it ends 6 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20); Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() { @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { return 42; } }); System.out.println(future.get()); executorService.shutdown(); User Executor Task (Callable) Future
7.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What can be done ? • Future can allow computation in the background so improving performance • Future.get() would block the thread and wait till the computation is complete and get the result • Can get an exception if there is a failure • future.cancel() cancels the computation • future.isDone() checks the computation is complete • A d that’s it ///// 7 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20); Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() { @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { //Some complex work return 42; } }); System.out.println(future.get()); executorService.shutdown();
8.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Distributed Cloud Services Design and the fight for Performance 8
9.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | A Typical distributed cloud service 9 Get data from service provider 1 Get data from service provider 3 Get data from service provider 2 Combine Data Response(result) Request(userData,reuestParams) Processing for analytics Process data for the user Generate recommendation
10.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Performance Bottlenecks and impacts • Java.util.Future can help in parallelism • But it cannot help with pipeline the tasks and managing the thread pool for you • Future does not supports call backs and chaining of operations • Building libraries with future can be complictaed • Performing in a serial way can impact the latency big time • It can destroy all benefits of having distributed services • No amount of horizontal and vertical scaling can help • Without dynamic services offerings business can be affected 10
11.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | CompletableFuture and power of parallelism 11
12.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | What is Completable future ? • Its new addition to java 8 • Asynchronous, allows registering asyc callbacks just like java scripts, event-driven programming model • Support for depending functions to be triggered on completion • Each stage can be executed with different executor pool • Also comes with a built in thread pool for executing tasks • Built in lambda support ,super flexible and scalable api 12
13.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Basics 13 CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() { @Override public String get() { // ...long running... return "42"; } }, executor1); future.get(); //Come on ... we are in JDK 8 !!! CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42",executor1); future.get();
14.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Lambdas , Crash Recap 14
15.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Lambdas • Function definition that is not bound to an identifier 15 /** * * This is a piece of code that illustrate how lambdas work in Java 8 * * Given an example * * f(x) = 2x+5; * * given x= 2 ; f(x) = 9 ; * * z(x)= f(g(x)) where g(x) =3x+5 * * z(x) = 2(3x+5) +5 = 6x+15 12+15 = 27 * * */ public class LambdaUnderStanding2 { @FunctionalInterface static interface Funct { int apply(int x); default Funct compose(Funct before) { return (x) -> apply(before.apply(x)); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Funct annoymous = new Funct() { @Override public int apply(int x) { return 2 * x + 5;; } }; Funct funct = (x) -> 2 * x + 5; System.out.println(funct.apply(2)); Funct composed = funct.compose((x) -> 3 * x + 5); System.out.println(composed.apply(2)); } }
16.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Java 8 Functional Interface 16 Predicate<Integer> test = (x) -> x> 10; Function<Integer, Integer> function = (x) -> 3 * x + 5; Consumer<Integer> print = (x) -> System.out.println(x); BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> biFunction = (x, y) -> 3 * x + 4* y + 2; Supplier<Integer> supplier = () -> Integer.MAX_VALUE;
17.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | thenApply() -transformations 17 /** * Classic call back present in javascript or scala . * theApply is like run this function when the result *arrives from previous stages */ final CompletableFuture<Integer> future1 = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor1).thenApply( (x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)); /** * thenApply is trasformative changing CompletableFuture<Integer> to * CompletableFuture<Double> */ CompletableFuture<Double> future2 = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor1) .thenApply((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)) .thenApply(r -> r * r * Math.PI); /** * U can supply a differnt executor pool for thenApply */ CompletableFuture<Double> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor1) .thenApplyAsync((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x), executor2) .thenApplyAsync(r -> r * r * Math.PI, executor2);
18.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | thenCombine() , whenComplete() –completion 18 final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "32", executor1).thenApply( (x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)); CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor2) .thenApply((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)) .thenCombine(future, (x, y) -> x + y) .thenAccept((result) -> System.out.println(result)); /** * When complete is final stage where it can check the execpetions * propagated and pass results through it */ final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor1) .thenApply((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)) .whenComplete( (x, throwable) -> { if (throwable != null) { Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.SEVERE, "Logging" + throwable); } else { Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.FINE, " Passed " + x); } });
19.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | thenCombine() allOf() - combining futures 19 /** * Combining two dependent futures */ final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "32", executor1).thenApply( (x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)); CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor2) .thenApply((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x)) .thenCombine(future, (x, y) -> x + y) .thenAccept((result) -> System.out.println(result)); /** * Combining n futures unrelated */ CompletableFuture<Void> future2 = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> "42", executor1) .thenApplyAsync((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x), executor2) .thenAcceptAsync( (x) -> Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.FINE, "Logging" + x), executor2); CompletableFuture<Void> future1 = CompletableFuture .supplyAsync(() -> “ ", executor1) .thenApplyAsync((x) -> Integer.parseInt(x), executor2) .thenAcceptAsync( (x) -> Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.FINE, "Logging" + x), executor2); CompletableFuture.allOf(future1,future2).join();
20.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Building powerful libraries with Completable Future 20
21.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Building powerful libraries with completable futures • Building scalable service orchestrator • Building dynamic http client framework • Improve parallelism in existing services with are done serial • Building libraries tuned for vertical scalability 21
22.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | References • https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/ • https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/Completa bleFuture.html • http://cs.oswego.edu/mailman/listinfo/concurrency-interest • https://github.com/srinivasanraghavan/functional 22
23.
Copyright © 2015,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Questions ? 23
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