5. PYRETHRINS PYRETHROIDS
Pyrethrins are the active
chemicals in pyrethrum, and
are 100% natural
Pyrethroids are synthetic, or
man-made, versions of Pyrethrins.
Pyrethrum is composed of 6
esters (collectively called
the Pyrethrins), all of which
have insecticidal properties.
This means that
the pyrethrum is attacking the
insect on 6 different fronts,
using 6 different insecticides.
Pyrethroids, which are synthetic,
are composed of only one chemically
active compound.
6. Pyrethrins have a unique
ability to induce excitation
behaviour in insects,
characterized by erratic and
increased movement by insects.
This has the benefit of 'flushing'
the insects out of hiding places,
resulting in increased exposure
to the Pyrethrins
Synthetic Pyrethroids do not
have this flushing effect
Pyrethrins are naturally
broken down by UV rays and
PH variances and therefore
have shorter environmental
persistence.
synthetic Pyrethroids are
manufactured to overcome the
that problem.
11. Sources of different species:
1. Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium
2. C . coccineum
3. C.roseum
4. C.marshalli
5. C.tamrutene
The original home of pyrethrum is said to be East or Middle East
countries.In the 19th century it was introduced to U.S.A., Japan, U.K.,
Africa and South America. At the beginning of 20th century, Dalmatia
and adjoining countries became leading producers. In 1941, Japan
became the leading producer. However, at present, the principal
producer of pyrethrum is KENYA. Other countries producing
pyrethrum are Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Equador and Brazil .
12. In INDIA also pyrethrum is grown to a
small extent in the
1. Hilly belts of Assam
2. Himalyan mountain range of J & K
3. Nilgiri areas of Tamil Nadu
17. Pyrethrum is present in the Achenes of flower heads The
content is maximum when the flowers are in full bloom stage
flowers are harvested by handpicking
They are then dried at 54.4 0C and compressed. In the
industries the dried and compressed flowers are ground to a
fine powder.
The powder / dust can be used as an
insecticide.
19. The toxicant can be extracted by extracting with an organic
solvent like Isopropanol,acetone or odor less kerosene.
The solvent is repeatedly percolated through the powder
and the weak extract is evaporated in a vacuum still to get
concentrated extract
The concentrated extract together with an emulsifier
is sold in the market for the use.
20. Also, the concentrated extract can be mixed
uniformly with an inert carrier like benonite clay,
charcoal powder, diatomaceous earth
The mixture can be used as a ready to use low
power dust.
21. PYRETHRUM
Amber coloured viscous liquid
Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
An exposure to sunlight, it is degraded to nontoxic
products in no time i.e., highly photodegradable. This is
what restricts the use of natural pyrethrum in out door
agriculture.
On prolonged storage, pyrethrum looses its
insecticidal action due to degradation by oxidation
.Hence; antioxidants like hydroquinolene are added to
increase the life.
I t Is Easily decomposed by acid, alkali or even by
moisture on long standing to produce primary
constituents
It is nonvolatile, hence non-fumigant action.
45. PERMETHRIN
1.LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE
2.ECTOPARASITES OF ANIMALS
3.PUBLICaq HEALTH AND
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
PERMETHRIN SFR
Formulation : 25% EC 5% SMOKE GENERATOR
AMBUSH, POUNCE
46. FENVALERATE
FORMULATION : 25%EC AND
0.4%DP
IT CONTROLS THE PUBLIC AND ANIMAL ECTOPARASITES , CATERPILLARS
47. PRALLETHRIN
& TRANSFLUTHRIN
The only insecticide
which can act at lower
concentration than the
other pyrethroids
FORMULATIONS
0.04% AND 0.05% COIL
0.08%,1%,1.2% MAT
2.4% L
19% VP
VLIDO NINIA
49. SYMPTOMS OF POISONING
Symptoms of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning may include one
or many of the following:
stuffy, runny nose - headache, fever
wheezing, coughing - sensation of swelling or tightness in
the chest tremors - irregular heartbeat
Extreme weakness – nausea
Effects to the eyes may include:
Blurred or dark vision
Redness caused by stinging
Extensive tearing
50. How to idetify synthetic
pyrethroid ?
-thrin
1.cypermethrin
2.cypermethrin
3.Cyfluthrin
4.Lambda cyhalothrin
5.Cypermethrin
6.Delatmethrin
7.Imiprothriin
8.Bifenthrin
9.Cyphenothrin
-ate
Fenvalerate