This is to Demystify CLOUD

1. DEMYSTIFYING CLOUD
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2. What is Cloud ?
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Cloud computing gets its name from the internet.
The internet is represented in network diagrams as
a cloud. It is a cluster, a bunch of servers held
together by a network. It can also be considered as
a supercomputer. Cloud computing cuts down
operational and capital costs. It lets IT departments
focus on strategic projects instead of keeping the
datacenter running.
A cloud can be either a single site cloud or a geo-
distributed cloud. A single site cloud consists of
servers or compute nodes grouped into racks (unit
of several servers which share the same power and
a rack switch. These rack switches are further
connected to a core switch using a tree topology).
There are backend nodes used for storage purposes
and frontend nodes for submitting jobs and
receiving client requests.
Typically a datacenter is housed in a single building
or warehouse in large companies. Large companies
may also have multiple geographically distributed
datacenters connected to each other. So these are
multiple sites, each site being a datacenter. This is
often called a geo-distributed cloud.

3. History of cloud
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The first computers that were built
especially the ENIAC, EDVAC and
ELLIAC were the first computers built
in the architecture that we know of
today. They were datacenters that
occupied large halls and labs. They
were built in the 1940’s and 50’s.
The 1960’s and 70’s was the era of
the time sharing and data processing
industry. These computers took large
amounts of data in KB or MB and
processed it to give outputs.
In 1980’s personal computers
became popular and time sharing
and data processing declined. PC’s
also made it easier to build clusters
or workstations. It led to grid
computing and very large scaling
systems such as peer-peer systems in
1990’s and 2000’s.
Now we have come to cloud
processing and datacenter industry
by building very large scale clusters
that process very large amounts of
data and so cloud and datacenter are
coming back full circle to 1960’s and
70’s except with a lot more scale and
workload.

4. Cloud computing
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Cloud computing is a construct that allows you to access applications that actually
reside at a location other than your computer or other Internet-connected device;
most often, this will be a distant datacenter.
Instead of keeping data on your own hard drive or updating applications for your
needs you use a server over the internet at another location, to store your
information or use its applications. It is the practice of using a network of remote
servers hosted on the internet to store, manage and process data rather than a local
server or a personal computer. It refers to the delivery of computing resources over
the internet.
Cloud services allow individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that
are managed by third parties at remote locations. This means that they handle the
costs of servers, they manage the software updates, and—depending on how you
craft your contract---you pay less for the service. Examples of cloud services are
online file storage, social networking sites, webmail and online business applications.
The characteristics of cloud computing include
1. On-demand self service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Measured service
On-demand self services means customers
can request and manage their own
computing resources. Broad network access
allows services to be offered over the
internet or private networks. Pooled
resources means that customers draw from
a pool of computing resources, usually in
remote data centres.

5. Components of a cloud
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Clients
• Clients are the devices that the end users interact with to manage their information on the
cloud. Clients can be either thin clients, thick clients or mobile clients. Thin clients are
computers that do not have internal hard drives, but rather let the servers do all the work, but
then display the information. Thick clients are regular computers. Mobile devices include PDAs
or smart phones, like Blackberry, Windows mobile smart phones or iPhone.
Datacenter
• The datacenter is the collection of servers where the application to which you subscribe is
housed. It could be a large room in the basement of your building or a room full of servers on
the other side of the world that you access via the Internet. A growing trend in the IT world is
virtualizing servers. That is, software can be installed allowing multiple instances of virtual
servers to be used. In this way, you can have half a dozen virtual servers running on one physical
server.
Distributed servers
• Servers can be located in different geographical locations but to the cloud subscriber they act as
if they are located right next to one another. It gives more security options. If something were
to happen to one site service would still be accessed through another site.
A cloud computing
solution is made up of
three elements: clients,
the datacenter, and
distributed servers.
Each element has a
specific role in
delivering functional
cloud computing
solution.

6. Cloud computing and Grid computing
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Grid computing applies the resources of numerous computers in a network to work on a single problem at the
same time. This is done to address a scientific or technical problem. An example of grid computing is the World
Community Grid---Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC). Here one can dedicate one’s
idle CPU processing power to help conduct protein-folding experiments in an effort to create better and more
durable rice crops to feed the world’s hungry.
Grid computing necessitates the use of software that can divide then send out pieces of the program to
thousands of computers.
Grid computing is appealing for several reasons:
• It is a cost-effective way to use a given amount of computer resources.
• It is a way to solve problems that need a tremendous amount of computing power.
• The resources of several computers can be shared cooperatively, without one computer managing the other.
In grid computing, a large project is divided among multiple computers to make use of their resources. Cloud
computing does just the opposite. It allows multiple smaller applications to run at the same time.

7. Services
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Software as a Service (SaaS) is a model
in which an application is hosted as a
service to customers who access it via
the internet. When the software is
hosted off-site, the customer doesn’t
have to maintain or support it. The
provider does all the patching and
upgrades as well as keeping the
infrastructure running.
In SaaS the more you use it the more you
are billed, but in some cases you don’t
have to pay as much because you are
billed based on your use of the
application.
SaaS applications differ from earlier
distributed computing solutions in that
SaaS was developed specifically to use
web tools, like the browser. This makes
them web-native. SaaS provides network-
based access to commercially available
software. Since the software is managed
at a central location, customers can
access their applications wherever they
have web access.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is another
application delivery model. PaaS supplies
all the resources required to build
applications and services completely
from the Internet, without having to
download or install software.
PaaS services include application design,
development, testing, deployment, and
hosting. A downfall to PaaS is that if you
create an application with one cloud
provider and decide to move to another
provider, you may not be able to do so—
or you’ll have to pay a high price.
Hardware as a Service (HaaS) is the
next form of service available in cloud
computing. Where SaaS and PaaS are
providing applications to customers,
HaaS doesn’t. It simply offers the
hardware so that your organization can
put whatever they want onto it. Rather
than purchase servers, software, racks,
and having to pay for the datacenter
space for them, the service provider
rents those resources.
HaaS allows you to “rent” such
resources as
• Server space
• Network equipment
• Memory
• CPU cycles
• Storage space

8. Deployment of cloud services
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In private cloud, the cloud infrastructure
is operated for a specific organization
and is managed by the organization or a
third party. There are many situations
where for strategic, operational, or
perhaps simply cultural reasons an
organization may choose to build and
operate their own, private cloud. These
private clouds can be built and operated
as just what their name implies: a fully
functional cloud that is owned, operated,
and presumably restricted to a particular
organization. In fact, there are an
increasing number of software and
service offerings designed to facilitate
just this—essentially ‘‘private clouds in a
box.’’
Customers – individual users or
enterprises – access these services over
the internet from a third-party provider
who may share computing resources
with many customers. E.g. services
aimed at the general public such as e-
mail services or social networking sites.
The first clouds of any kind were mostly
public clouds, e.g., Google, Amazon, and
Salesforce. It is the most common form
of cloud computing, in which services are
made available to the general public in a
pay-as-you-go manner.
As the name implies, a hybrid cloud is a
combination of any/all of the other types
of clouds.
The idea of a Community Cloud is
derived from the Grid Computing and
Volunteer Computing paradigms. In a
community cloud, several enterprises
with similar requirement can share their
infrastructures, thus increasing their
scale while sharing the cost.
In server virtualization many operating
systems can each run on a single physical
server at the same time. Each operating
system thinks that it has a physical machine
entirely to itself. Each operating system is
unaware of the other. They each go about
doing their business without interfering
with the other.
In this way an enterprise can, for example,
take many small physical servers (typically
scattered both physically as well as
organizationally, almost always running at
low utilization rates) and consolidate them
onto a smaller number of servers, usually
centrally located and managed. This is
called server consolidation, and has been
helpful in battling server sprawl, a bane for
many an enterprise. Server sprawl is
discussed in more detail later in this section.
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud
Virtualization

9. Cloud services: The first ones to reach there
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Amazon
Amazon was one of the first companies to offer cloud services to the public, and they are very
sophisticated. Amazon offers a number of cloud services, including :
• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
• Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Simple Queue Service (SQS)
• SimpleDB
Microsoft
Microsoft’s cloud computing solution is called Windows Azure, an operating system that allows
organizations to run Windows applications and store files and data using Microsoft’s
datacenters. It also offers Azure Services Platform, which are services that allow developers to
establish user identities, manage workflows, synchronize data, and perform other functions as
they build software programs on Microsoft’s online computing platform.
Key components of Azure Services Platform include:
• Windows Azure
• Microsoft SQL Services
• Microsoft .NET Services
• Live Services
• Microsoft SharePoint Services and Microsoft Dynamics CRM Services
There are
scores of
vendors who
offer cloud
services.
What they
have to offer
varies based
on the
vendor and
their pricing
models are
different, as
well

10. When can one use cloud computing
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03
Compute clouds allow
access to highly
scalable, inexpensive,
on-demand computing
resources that run the
code that they’re
given. Compute clouds
are the most flexible
in their offerings and
can be used for sundry
purposes; it simply
depends on the
application the user
wants to access.
COMPUTE CLOUDS
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CLOUD APPLICATIONS
One of the first cloud
offerings was cloud
storage and it remains
a popular solution.
Cloud storage is a big
world. There are
already in excess of
100 vendors offering
cloud storage. This is
an ideal solution if you
want to maintain files
off-site
CLOUD STORAGE

11. Benefits of Cloud Computing
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Scalability
Cloud computing can help
you manage a huge
upswing in computing
need. Rather than having
to buy, install, and
configure new equipment,
one can buy additional
CPU cycles or storage from
a third party.
Knowledgeable Vendors
When new technology
becomes popular, there
are plenty of vendors who
offer their version of that
technology. This isn’t
always good, because a lot
of those vendors tend to
offer less than useful
technology. By contrast,
the first comers to cloud
computing are actually
very reputable companies.
Simplicity
Not having to buy and
configure new equipment
allows the IT staff to get
right to their business. The
cloud solution makes it
possible to get an
application started
immediately, and it costs a
fraction of what it would
cost to implement an on-
site solution
More Internal Resources
By shifting the non-
mission-critical data needs
to a third party, the IT
department is freed up to
work on important,
business-related tasks. You
also don’t have to add
more manpower and
training that stem from
having to deal with these
low-level tasks.
Also, since network
outages are a nightmare
for the IT staff, this burden
is offloaded onto the
service provider.