1. SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING
25 YEARS FROM NOW
A LIBRARIAN’S PERSPECTIVE
James G. Neal
Society for Scholarly Publishing
29 May 2003
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2. Scholarly Activity
• Creation of knowledge and evaluation
of its validity
• Preservation of information
• Transmission of information to others
• Technologies
• Economics
• Institutions
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3. The Urge To Publish
• Communication
• Academic Culture
• Preservation of Ideas
• Prestige and Recognition
• Profit
3

4. Expectations For Technology
• Content
• Access
• Convenience
• New Capabilities
• Cost Reduction
• Productivity
4

5. Individual’s Relationship
To The Medium
• Physicality
• Geography
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Cognition
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6. Norms of Scholarly Work at
the Research University
• Open and Free Exchange of Ideas
• Publication in Scholarly and Scientific Journals
• Meritocracy
• Organized Skepticism
• Common Ownership of Goods
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7. Scholarly Communication
Functions
• Information Generation and Creation
• Authoring
• Informal Peer Communication
• Editorial and Validation
• Ownership, Privacy, and Security
• Distribution
• Acquisition and Access
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8. Scholarly Communication
Functions
• Storage
• Preservation and Archiving
• Information Management
• Location and Delivery
• Recognition
• Diffusion
• Utilization of Information
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9. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Some Models
• Commercial Publishing Model
• Academic Server Model
• Prestigious Publishing Model
• University Publishing Cooperative
• Public Domain Model
• Government Server Model
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10. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Some Models
• Digital Library Model
• Electronic Book Model
• Electronic Collection Model
• Retrospective Model
• Preprint Server Model
• Peer Review Lite Model
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11. Advantages of Digital Information
• Accessibility
• Availability
• Searchability
• Currency
• Researchability
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12. Advantages of Digital Information
• Dynamism/Fluidity
• Interdisciplinarity
• Collaborative Nature
• Multimedia Aspects
• Linkability
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13. Advantages of Digital Information
• Interactivity
• Procedural Qualities
• Spatial Capabilities
• Encyclopedic Potential
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14. Advantages of Print
• Portability
• Durability
• Markupability
• Readability
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15. Advantage of Print
• Archivability
• Ownability
• Affordability
• Aesthetic Quality
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16. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Cronin Observations
• Discipline Diversity
• Importance of Trust
• Importance of Credibility
• Velocity of Communication
• Expanded Readership
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17. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Cronin Observations
• New Economics
• Vertical Integration
• New Modes of Discourse
• Democratization
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18. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Some Issues
• Current and Historical Coverage
• Affordability
• Interactive Development/Usability
Assessment
• Author Use of Medium
• Shifting Technology
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19. Electronic Scholarly Publishing
Some Issues
• Cross Publisher Integration
• Researcher Understanding and Support
• New Packaging/Integrity of the Work
• Research and Development
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20. Scholarly Communication
Concerns
• Choking on the Proliferation
• Location of Quality Marking
• Corporate Economy Overtakes Guild Economy
• Dysfunctional Market
• Intellectual Property Ownership
• Darwinian/Capitalistic/Socialist Solutions
• New Models of Digital Scholarship
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21. Digital Book Futures
Lessons From American History
• Land Rush/E-Book Rush
• Economics of Railroad/Electronic Book
Publishing
• Utility Industry Fragmentation and
Consolidation/E-Book Entrepreneurs
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22. Electronic Books
Random Future Issues
• Purchase vs. Lease
• Free vs. Sold
• Self Published vs. Commercially Published
• Retrospective Works vs. New Works
• Text vs. Multimedia
• Proprietary vs. Open Formats/Readers
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23. Electronic Books
Random Future Issues
• Offline vs. Online Access
• Offline vs. Online Use
• Individual Works vs. Searchable Database
• Print vs. Non-Print
• Consultation vs. Circulation
• Archived vs. Fluid Content
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24. Research Community
Strategies
• Market Conforming
• Market Distorting
• System Transforming
• System Busting
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25. SPARC Messages
• Barrier-Free Access to Research
• Risks of Industry Consolidation
• Protect/Expand Author Rights
• Community Control of Scholarly Communication
• Incubation of Alternative Channels
• Hope/Power/Action through Collaboration
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26. SPARC Programs
 Publishing Partnerships  Gaining Independence
 Create Change  Consulting Group/
 Leading Edge Legal Services
 Scientific Communities  Institutional Repository
 Declaring Independence  Open Access
 Next Step
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27. Lessig
Constraints On Open Access
To Information
Market
Technology INFORMATION Law
Norms
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28. ARL Open Access Agenda
Open Access: works created with no expectation of
financial remuneration and made available at no cost to
reader on the public Internet for purposes of education
and research.
Readers of open access works could read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link for any lawful purpose,
without financial, legal or technical barriers.
Budapest Open Access Initiative
Open Archives Initiative
Keystone and Tempe Principles
Public Library of Science
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29. ARL Open Access Agenda
• Society benefits from the open exchange of ideas.
• Limitations on access to copyrighted materials
negatively impact the creation, dissemination
and use of intellectual property.
• Copyright exists for the public good.
• Federal investment in R&D is leveraged by access
to research results.
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30. Knowledge Conservancy
• Property in Trust for Public Purpose
• Easements Restricting Future Uses of Private
Property
• Public Benefit within System of Private Property
Ownership
• Application to Intellectual Property
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31. Knowledge Conservancy
• Content Donations
• Financial Contributions
• Usable Digital Assets
• Metadata to Support Discovery, Rights
Management, Preservation
• Access Provisions for Global
Readership
• Long-Term/Perpetual Persistence
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32. Repository Movement
 Discipline Repositories
 Institutional Repositories
 Consortium Repositories
 Departmental/School Repositories
 Individual Repositories
 Referatories/Virtual Repositories
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33. Institutional Repository
• a set of services offered to a community for the
organization, dissemination, and preservation
of digital materials created by the members
of the community
• digital archives of intellectual products created by
members of a community and accessible to both
users within and without with few if any barriers
to access
system of: architecture
policy
tools
standards
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content

34. Core Library Services to Users
• Information Acquisition
• Information Synthesis
• Information Navigation
• Information Dissemination
• Information Interpretation
• Information Understanding
• Information Archiving
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35. Core Interests Of Libraries
• Competitive Market
• Easy Distribution and Reuse
• Innovative Applications of Technology
• Quality Assurance
• Permanent Archiving
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36. Open Virtual Electronic Library
• Shared Content, Tools and Services
• Collaboration Among Stakeholders
• Extensible Architecture
• Test Bed for Assessment and Innovation
• New Digital Content Rights
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37. Advancing Publisher/Library Relationship
Through Electronic Scholarly Communication
• Regular consultation to develop priorities and strategies for
collaboration.
• Joint innovative electronic publishing projects.
• Shared information policy agenda/advocacy strategy.
• Forums for communication with researchers and authors.
• Shared continuing professional development and training
programs for staff.
• Agreement on principles for licensing/model contract.
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38. Advancing Publisher/Library Relationship
Through Electronic Scholarly Communication
• Identification, development, adoption of standards.
• Usability research and testing.
• Research and development agenda/Impact assessment.
• Venture capital for joint activities.
• Integrate and share expertise.
• Joint programs for preservation and archiving of digital content.
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39. Advancing Publisher/Library Relationship
Through Electronic Scholarly Communication
• Content and information services for distance learning community.
• Focus on new scholarly work: courseware, software, datafiles
and simulations.
• National document delivery program.
• Print on demand service.
• PDA delivery service
• Development and implementation of scholars portal.
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40. Scholarly Publishing
The Past Look Forward
• Technology Impact on Business Areas
(production, editing, marketing)
• Quantitative and Qualitative Change
(1979 National Enquiry)
• Small Computer Networks Replace Journal Functions
• Expanding Audiences
• Discourse Model of Communication
• Publishing on Demand
• New Business Models
• New Intellectual Property Environment
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41. SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING
2028
• Chaos Breeds Life
• Information Anarchy
• Information Fascism
• Information Utopia
• Information Theology
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