SMART HELMET

1. SMART HELMET
A smart helmet is a special idea which makes
motorcycle driving safer than before. This is
implemented using Arduino. The working of this smart
helmet using Arduino is very simple, we place vibration
sensors in different places of helmet where the
probability of hitting is more which are connected to
Arduino board. So when the rider crashes and the
helmet hits the ground, the sensors sense and the
Arduino extract GPS data using the GPS module that
is interfaced with Arduino. When the data exceeds
minimum stress limit then GSM module automatically
sends message to ambulance or police or family
members. Also the vehicle doesn’t start if lock is not in
place and alcohol sensor value is at permissible limits.

2. Platform Used
Hardware: Arduino board, Bluetooth module,
vibration sensors, mobile phone with
Bluetooth.
Software: Arduino IDE

3. Block Diagram

4. Background
The thought of developing this project comes from social responsibility
towards the society. As we can see many accidents occurring around us,
there is a lot of loss of life. According to a survey of India there are around
698 accidents occurring due to bike crashes per year. The reasons for the
accidents may be many such as no proper driving knowledge, no fitness of
the bike, rash driving, drink and drive etc. In some cases the person injured
the accident may not be directly responsible for the accident, it may be fault
of some other rider, but end of the day it’s both the drivers involved in the
accidents who is going to suffer.
If accidents are one issue, lack of treatment in proper time is another
reason for deaths. According to the same survey if 698 accidents occur per
year, nearly half the injured people die due to lack of treatment in proper
time. The reasons for this may again be many such as late arrival of
ambulance, no person at place of accident to give information to the
ambulance. This is what is running situation in our day to day life, a thought
of finding some solution to this problem come up with this idea of giving the
information about accident as soon as possible and in TIME….!!!!Because
after all time matters a lot, if everything is done in time, at least we can
save half the lives that are lost due to bike accidents. So, a thought from
taking responsibility of society came our project “SMART HELMET USING
ARDUINO”

5. Vibration Sensor
 The Minisense 100is a low-cost cantilever-type
vibration sensor loaded by a mass to offer high
sensitivity at low frequencies.
 The pins are designed for easy installation and
are solderable. Horizontal and vertical mounting
options are offered as well as a reduced height
version. The active sensor area is shielded for
improved RFI/EMI rejection.
 Rugged, flexible PVDF sensing element
withstands high shock overload. Sensor has
excellent linearity and dynamic range, and may be
used for detecting either continuous vibration or
impacts.

6. Alcohol Sensor
The MQ-3 gas sensor requires a heating element to identify Alcohol
correctly. However, placing a heating element near Alcohol might be
dangerous. Thus the Sensor is built with an anti-explosion network
comprised of two thin layers of stainless steel mesh, as seen in the figure
below. This stainless steel mesh contains a heating element.
MQ gas sensors are a type of sensor that can
detect a broad range of gases, including
alcohol, smoke, methane, LPG, hydrogen, NH3,
Benzene, and Propane, among others. These
sensors are constructed consisting of an electrode
that has been covered with a sensing material
which is heated to increase its reactivity and sensitivity.

7. Lock Sensor
 The Hall effect sensor is a solid-state device that can
detect magnetic fields, and it is one alternative to the
reed switch. Hall effects are certainly appropriate for
some applications, but reed switches feature superior
electrical isolation to their solid-state counterpart, and
they face less electrical resistance due to closed
contacts. Additionally, reed switches can work with a
variety of voltages, loads and frequencies, as the
switch functions simply as a connected or
disconnected wire. Alternatively, you’ll need
supporting circuitry to enable Hall sensors to do their
job.
 Lock Sensor uses this principle of magnetic field
activated switch to check the open/close state of
helmet lock. On one side of the lock a magnet is
placed and on the other end, reed sensor

8. GPS Module
The FGPMMOPA6B is an ultra-compact POT (Patch
On Top) GPS Module. This POT GPS receiver
provides a solution that is high in position and speed
accuracy performances, with high sensitivity and
tracking capabilities in urban conditions.
The GPS chipset inside the module is powered by
Media-Tek Inc., the world's leading digital media
solution provider and the largest fabless IC company
in Taiwan. The module can support up to 66 channels,
and is designed for small-form factor device.
It is suitable for every GPS-related application, such
as: Fleet Management/Asset Tracking LBS (location
base service) and AVL system Security system
Hand-held device for personal positioning and travel
navigation

9. GSM Modem
GSM/GPRS TTL –Modem is built with SIMCOM Make SIM900
Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine, works on frequencies 850 MHz,
900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz It is very compact in size and
easy to use as plug in GSM Modem.
The Modem is designed with 3V3/5V TTL interfacing circuitry, which
allows you to directly interface to 5V microcontrollers( PIC, Arduino,
AVR etc.)as well as 3V3 Microcontrollers ( ARM,ARM Cortex XX,
etc) .The baud rate can be configurable from9600-115200 through
AT command. Initially Modem is in Auto baud mode. This
GSM/GPRS TTL Modem is having internal TCP/IP stack to enable
you to connect with internet via GPRS.
It is suitable for SMS as well as DATA transfer application in M2M
interface. The modem needed only two wires (Tx, Rx) except Power
supply to interface with microcontroller/Host. The built in Low
Dropout Linear voltage regulator allows you to connect wide range
of unregulated power supply (4.2V -13V). Yes, 5 V is in between !!
.Using this modem, you will be able to send& Read SMS, connect
to internet via GPRS through simple AT commands.

10. Conclusion
As the concluding part of this project, I would like
to say that-- "Without proper action at proper time,
danger awaits us with a bigger face." We must act
on time when a person is injured. We must take
care of person the way it is meant. otherwise, a
valuable life might be lost.
We need to understand how precious lives of
people are and what importance first-aid carries in
saving these precious lives. If this project imparts
this idea in even one person, I would think that the
project will be successful.