what is depression, how to avoid and treat Dr. Mohammad Hussein November 2019

1. Mohammad Hussein
Consultant Psychiatrist
Director of Training Administration,
Maamoura Psychiatric Hospital
Depression
& self
destructive
habits

3. Lifetime
rates
16-20%

4. Lifetime rates
16-20%

5. Lifetime rates
16-20%
2 - 9 %
attempt
suicide

6. 4th
cause of
disability
worldwide

7. Bad
News
20%
10%
suicide
4th
disability

8. Good
News
Depression is
treatable

9. Myths
About
Depression

10. Myths About Depression

11. Descriptive
Epidemiology

12. Descriptive Epidemiology
Lifetime rates
16-20 %
2:1
Socioeconomic
Difference

13. Etiologyof Depression

14. The biopsychosocial
model
of depression
Etiologyof Depression

15. Depressed
brain

16. Biological causes
Etiologyof Depression

17. Biological causes “Monoamine Theory”
Etiologyof Depression

20. Cognitive theory
Beck's cognitive
model of
depression
Etiologyof Depression

21.  Polarized Thinking (or “Black and White” Thinking)
 Overgeneralization
 Jumping to Conclusions
 Catastrophizing
 Personalization
Cognitive theory
Etiologyof Depression

24. from their words

25.  ‫شديد‬ ‫إحساس‬ ‫عندي‬
‫بالخنقة‬
 ‫هدومي‬ ‫أغير‬ ‫عايز‬ ‫مش‬
 ‫جدا‬ ‫شديد‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫لوم‬ ‫عندي‬
 ‫عبادة‬ ‫ضيعت‬ ‫إني‬ ‫حاسس‬
10
‫سنين‬
 ‫قرار‬ ‫أي‬ ‫آخد‬ ‫بطلت‬
 ‫بنام‬ ‫مش‬
...
‫نمت‬ ‫ولو‬
‫نايم‬ ‫مش‬ ‫كأني‬
 ‫باكل‬ ‫مش‬ ‫تقريبا‬
from their words

26. 
‫الشغل‬ ‫في‬ ‫منتظمة‬ ‫مش‬

‫خالص‬ ‫نوم‬ ‫مفيش‬

‫بيه‬ ‫حاسس‬ ‫ومحدش‬ ‫ضدي‬ ‫أسرتي‬
‫بل‬ ‫بيساعدني‬ ‫وال‬
‫بيلوموني‬

‫مع‬ ‫دلوقتي‬ ‫تواصل‬ ‫مفيش‬
‫األصدقاء‬

‫بايظة‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫حياتي‬

‫متفائل‬ ‫البلد‬ ‫في‬ ‫محدش‬

‫جديد‬ ‫ال‬
...
‫مش‬ ‫إن‬ ‫عارفة‬ ‫أنا‬
‫جديد‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫هيكون‬

‫مفيدة‬ ‫مش‬ ‫إني‬ ‫حاسة‬
from their words

27.  ‫خالص‬ ‫الموت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫حاسة‬
 ‫كده‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫أنتحر‬ ‫حاولت‬
‫دلوقتي‬ ‫وبفكر‬
 ‫الدنيا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الزمة‬ ‫ماليش‬
 ‫بيكلمني‬ ‫ودني‬ ‫في‬ ‫صوت‬ ‫فيه‬
 ‫كتير‬ ‫نوم‬
 ‫جامد‬ ‫كسل‬
 ‫علطول‬ ‫خنقة‬
 ‫نفسي‬ ‫في‬ ‫خالص‬ ‫ثقة‬ ‫مفيش‬
from their words

28. Diagnosis
of
Depressio
n

29. Diagnosis of
Depression

30. Core
symptoms

31. Why?
3 Core
symptoms

32. Why?
3 Core
symptoms
persis
tent
sadnes
s
or low
loss
of
intere
sts
or
fatigu
e or
low
energy
most of the
time,
most days,
for at least 2
weeks

33. Why?
3 Core symptoms
persistent
sadness
or low mood
loss of
interests
or pleasure
fatigue or
low energy

34. Why?
3 Core symptoms
persistent
sadness
or low mood
loss of
interests
or pleasure
fatigue or
low energy
Associated
symptoms
disturbed
sleep
guilt or self-
blame
poor
concentration
disturbed
appetite
low self-
confidence
agitation or
slowing of
movements
suicidal thoughts or acts

35. Clinical
Picture

36. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
Mood
symptoms
Cognitive
symptoms
Behavioral
symptoms
Vegetative

37. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
 Low mood
 loss of interest or pleasure
(anhedonia)
 Hopelessness
 Guilt
 Moodiness
 Angry outbursts
 Loss of interest in friends,
family and favorite
activities,
 Patients may describe a
depressed mood in a number of
ways, such as feeling sad,
dejected, despondent,

38. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
 Reduced
concentration
 Impaired memory
 Poor self-esteem
 Guilt
 Hopelessness
 Death wishes
 Suicide or self-
harm

39. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
 Psychomotor
retardation or
agitation
Withdrawing from
people
 Substance abuse
 Missing work, school
or other commitments
 Attempts to harm
self

40. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
 Biological (somatic)
symptoms
 Disturbed sleep ( ↓↑ )
 Early morning wakening
 Disturbed appetite ( ↓↑ )
 weight loss
 Depression worse in the
morning
 Decreased sexual desire
 Psychomotor retardation or
agitation
easy fatigability
 pain

41. Clini
cal
Pictu
re
Mood
symptoms
Cognitive
symptoms
Behavioral
symptoms
Vegetative

43. Depressio
n
Is

44. 2
What is OCD
Epidemiology
Nosology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
OCPD Vs. OCD
Investigations
Etiology
‫يحبذ‬ ‫حسين‬
Questions
Terms
Treatment

45. Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Psychotherapy
Antidepressants
CBT

46. Cognitive
Behaviour
al

47. 1.Increase level of pleasurable
activities.
2.Decrease time spent alone.
3.Increase reciprocal behaviour in
interpersonal activities.
4.Increase ability to complete
effortful or challenging tasks
(e.g., problem solving at work and in
more demanding activities of daily
living).
Psychotherapy

51. Self Protective Habits

52. Well-being
square

53. Well-being
square
work
Fun
Time
Social Relations
Spiritual
Life

54. Here
& Now

55. Resilience

56. Resilience

57. Emotional
Intelligence

58. Self
Assertiveness

59. Self
Esteem

61. Avoid to be an extra load on depressed patient
Encourage to join therapy
Medication is not Poison
be empathetic not sympathetic
Depression
Is Treatable

62. ‫يحبذ‬ ‫حسين‬

63. ‫يحبذ‬ ‫حسين‬

64. www.nafs
y.net
/nafsy.
net