pwd summer training report

1. A Summer Training Report
on
BITUMINOUS(ASPHALT)ROAD
At
UTTAR PRADESH PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
CONSTRUCTION DIVISION-4,ALLAHABAD
Submitted for partial fulfillment for the award of degree
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted to:- Submitted By:-
Mr.Ashish Shukla Sudhanshu kumar
Assistant Professor B.Tech 4th
yr
Roll No:-1528300035
LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES ALLAHABAD
Affiliated to
Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,Uttar Pradesh,Lucknow
1

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my satisfaction on the completion of this summer training program and project report
submission as a part of the curriculum for the degree of Bachelor of Technology, Civil
Engineering. I express my deepest gratitude to junior engineer Mr. D.N Yadav
for his kind guidance during the entire period of training. His consistent support and
advices has helped me to complete this research project successfully. Also I thank all the
members of P.W.D.,ALLAHABAD, U.P. Department for their kind support. They have always
been a source of inspiration to me .
.
DATE-:06/08/2018 SUDHANSHU KUMAR
2

4. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “BITUMINOUS (ASPHALT) ROAD ”
submitted by “SUDHANSHU KUMAR ”in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree Bachelor of Technology in “civil engineering “ is a bonafide record of the work carried out
under my guidance and supervision at LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES,ALLAHABAD.
.
NAME OF SUPERVISOR
Mr.Ashish Shukla.
Mr.Ujjawal Pandey.
Mr.Shiv babu Sir
Assistant professor
Department of civil engineering
LDC ITS ALLAHABAD
4

5. INTRODUCTION OF BITUMEN
Bitumen is a black or dark coloured solid or viscous cementitious substance having an
adhesive properties.
It consist of chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarban derived from distillation of
petroleum or natural asphalt.
It is a semi-solid hydrocarban product produce by removing the lighter fractions(such
as liquid petroloum gas,petrol and diesel ) from heavy crude oil during the refining
process .
Bitumen is after confused with tar .Although Bitumen and Tar are Similarly black and
sticky, they are distintly different Subastance in Origin , chemical composition and in
their properties .
Tar are residues from the distructive distillation of organic subastance such as
coal, wood, or petroleum.
5

6. CONTENT
1. PWD INTRODUCTION........................................................ 7
2. INTRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS ROAD....................8
3. ROAD LAYERS.......................................................................9-11
4. TEST..........................................................................................12-13
5. BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION STEPS..............14-15
6. MACHINERIES USE IN ROAD PAVEMENT.....................18
6

7. PWD INTRODUCTION
Point of view geographic and population of the state is the nation's largest state. State Industrial,
economic and social development of the state and the population of each village is absolutely
necessary to re-connect to the main roads. In addition to state important national roads, state
roads and district roads and their proper broad be made to improve the quality of traffic point of
view is of particular importance. Public Works Department to build roads and improve
connectivity in rural zones, Other District Road and State broad and improvement of rural roads
and main routes narrow construction of zones and depleted bridges brides reconstruction of the
bases are transacted on a priority basis . Also under PradhanMantri Gram Sadak Yojana and prefabricated
construction of rural roads linking the work of other district roads broad Suddikrn the
scale bases are edited.
Successful operation of various schemes for the Public Works Department engineers and
supervisory boards in different districts of the engineer’s office has been settled. Activities by
planning, execution, and quality control etc. remove impediments find joy in relation to the
supervision over the activities are focused. Various schemes operated by the Department of the
Office of the Regional Chief Engineers and Chief Engineers office.
.
7

8. INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS ROAD
• Bituminous road is a road constructed by using bitumen .
• It is also called flexible pavement road.
. Because it changes its shape according to nature of load and sub base.
. A road or pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed of processed material
above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied
vehicle loads to the sub-grade .
. This type of pavement has four layers , namely , Sub-grade (bottom layer ),sub-
base,base, and wearing surface (top most).
8

10. -:- ROAD LAYERS -:-
1.SUB GRADE LAYER -:
The sub grade is the layer of naturally occu-
ring material or the fill material the road is built upon.
. The strength of the subgrade layer is measured using the CBR test.
. The strength of the subgrade layer is an important factor influencing
the thickness of the road pavement design.
. Where the subgrade is weak, i.e a low CBR, it will be necessary to ca-
pping layer over the subgrade to increase the actual road pavement
thickness is designed.
2.CAPPING LAYER :-
When the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
the sub grade is than 5 % ,if is normal to require a suitable capping
layer of low cost material .
.This capping layer is usally a granular type material designed prov-
ide a working platfor on which sub-grade construction can proceed
with minimum intersuption from wet weather.
.Capping is also to minimize the effect of a weak subgrade pavement
strength .
3.SUB BASE LAYER :-
This particular layer in road pavement construction.
.The primary function of sub base layer are -
.Improve drainage
.Minimize frost action damage .
.Provide a working platform for construction .
9

11. . The material used in this layer -
. Granular Sub base (GSB)
. Cement bound material
GSB Type-1
This material is typically crushed stone ,crushed slag ,
crushed concrete or non-plastic well-burnt shale .
GSB Type -2
It is a much finer material , has a much wider grading
envelope and is of a lesser “engineering” qualify than GSB Type -1.
Therefor it does not generate as much interlock as a type 1 and is
consequently not a strong .
4.ROAD BASE (BASE) -:-
The road base is the main load-bearing ,
load ,load sepreading layer . In road structure usally 100 mm or more
thick depending on the loading of the traffic for which the road is
designed .
.The road base is usally a bituminous material ,dense bitumen macadam
(asphalt concrete )or hot rolled asphalt.
5.BINDER COURSE -:-
This is the layer of material below the surface
course and above road base .
.The base course (binder course ) is a load spreading layer, spreading
the load imposed on the wearing course (surface course ) over a wi-
der area of the road base .
. Base course (binder course) is most commonly a bituminous mater-
ial, can be either Hot rolled asphalt or dense bitumen Macadam (a
sphalt concrete).
.This is a strengthening layer of the pavement and should be at least
40 mm ,preferably 50 mm thick.
10

12. 6.WEARING COURSE OR SURFACE COURSE
The wearing course
is top layer of the road pavement and is designed -
.To be impervious to the ingress (entering )of water .
.To have an even running surface .
.To be durable , and have a high resistsnce to skidding, and
.To be chosen so as not to deform the weight of trafic .
SOME OTHEER LAYERS-
1.SOAL COAT- It is a thin surface treatment used to water proof
the surface and to provide skid resistsnce .
2.TACK COAT-It is very light application of asphalt , usually
asphalt emulsion diluted with water .it provide proper bonding
between two layer of binder course and must be thin ,uniformly
cover the entire surface ,and set very fast.
3.PRIME COAT-It is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen
to an absorbent surface like granular bases on which binder layer
is placed . Unlike tack coat ,prime coat penetrates into the layer
below ,plugs the voids ,and forms a water tight surface .
11

14. TEST
THE MARSHALL STABILITY OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURE
This test is done to determine the Marshall Stability of bituminous
mixture as per ASTM D 1559.The principle of this test is that Mar-
shall Stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimen
of bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface .it is the load
carrying capacity of the mix at 60'c and is measured in kg.The ap-
paratus needed to determine Marshall stability of bituminous mi-
mixture is -
1. Marshall stability apparatus
2. Balance and water bath
The sample needed is -
From Marshall stability graph ,select proportions
of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and filler in such a way ,so as to
fulfill the required specification. The total weight of mix should be 1200
gram.
PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE MARSHALL STABILITY OF
BITUMINOUS MIXTURE-:
1.Heat the weighed aggregates and the bitumen separately upto 170'C
and 163'C respectively .
2.Mix them throughly ,transfer the mixed material to the compaction
mould arranged on the compaction pedestal .
3.Give 75 blows on the top side the specimen mix with a standard ha-
mmer ( 45 cm,4.86 kg).Reverse the specimen and cool it for a few
minutes.
12 a

15. 4.Remove the specimen from the mould by gentle pushing .
. Mark the specimen and care it at room temperature oernight.
5.A Series of specimen are prepared by a similar method with varying
quantities of bitumen content ,with an increment of 0.5 % (3 specimen)
or 1 bitumen content .
6.Before testing of the mould ,keep the mould in the water bath having
a temperature of 60'C for half an hour .
7.Check the stability of the mould on the Marshall Stability apparatus.
REPORTING OF RESULT -:-
Plot of bitumen content on the X-axis and
stability in kg on the Y-axis to get maximum Marshall stability of the
bitumen mix, A sample plot is given .
12b

17. 13

18. BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS STEPS
1. Preparation of base
W.B.M. base
As base material of W.B.M. Road; stone ballast, concrete 10-15cm layer are used. For
bonding between concrete slab & W.B.M. used 1:2 cement wash on W.B.M .
Granular medium material layer
10-15cm composite layer of sand , moorum, bajriare usedfor better drainage
facilities
Stabilizations oil
2. Application of Tuck Coat
It is desirable to lay AC layer over a bituminous base or binder course. A tack coat of bitumen
is applied at 6.0 to 7.5 kg per 10 sq.marea, this quantity may be increased to 7.5 to 10 kg for
nonbituminous base.
3.Preparation and placing of Premix
The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant of a required capacity with the desired quality control.
The bitumen may be heated upto 150 – 177 deg C and the aggregate temperature should not
differ by over 14 deg C from the binder temperature. The hot mixed material is collected from
the mixture by the transporters, carried to the location is spread by a mechanical paver at a
temperature of 121 to 163 deg C. the camber and the thickness of the layer are accurately
verified. The control of the temperatures during the mixing and the compaction are of great
significance in the strength of the resulting pavement structure
14

19. 4. Rolling
A mix after it is placed on the base course is thoroughly compacted by rolling at a speed not
more than 5km per hour.
The initial or break down rolling is done by 8 to 12 tonnes roller and the intermediate rolling is
done with a fixed wheel pneumatic roller of 15 to 30 tonnes having a tyre pressure of 7kg per
sq.cm. the wheels of the roller are kept damp with water.
The number of passes required depends on the thickness of the layer. In warm weather rolling
on the next day, helps to increase the density if the initial rolling was not adequate. The final
rolling or finishing is done by 8 to 10 tonne tandem roller.
15

20. Tandem Roller
5. Quality control of bituminous concrete construction
The routine checks are carried out at site to ensure the quality of the resulting pavement mixture
and the pavement surface.
Periodical checks are made for
a) Aggregate grading
b) Grade of bitumen
c)Temperature of aggregate
d)Temperature of paving mix during mixing and compaction.
At least one sample for every 100 tonnes of the mix discharged by the hot mix plant is collected
and tested for above requirements. Marshall tests are also conducted. For every 100 sq.m of the
compacted surface, one test of the field density is conducted to check whether it is atleast 95%
of the density obtained in the laboratory. The variation in the thickness allowed is 6mm per
4.5m length of construction.
16

21. 6. Finished surface:
7.Open to traffic
Road is open to traffic as soon as bitumen gets cooled to its surrounding temperature
17

22. MACHINERIES FOR THE PAVEMENT OF THE ROAD
• ROLLERS
• DOZERS
• GRADERS
• PLAT COMPACTOR
• PLANERS
• ASPHALT PAVERS
• TANDOM VIBRATORY ROLLER
• PAVER
• BITUMEN SPRAYER
• MILLERS
• ASPHALT SPLITTING MACHINES
18