2. TRANSLATION OF m-RNA
(PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
•Translation is the process that takes the
information passed from DNA as messenger
RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids
bound together with peptide bonds. It is
essentially a translation from one code
(nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino
acid sequence).
3. Steps of translation:
• Step 1: Activation of amino acids
This involzes attaching an amino acid to its
respective transfer RNA (tRNA) forming the activated
tRNA called aminoacyl tRNA. The key enzyme in this
process is aminoacacyl-tRNA synthetase.
4. Steps of translation cont;
• Step 2: Initiation
In this step, activated tRNA attaches to the start
codon (AUG) on mRNA, the small subunit of ribosome
binds to mRNA and finally the large ribosomal subunit
binds to form a initiation complex.
5.
6. Steps of translation cont;
• Step 3: Elongation
Here according to codons found in the mRNA, the
polypeptide chain keeps growing.
Each amino acid is attached to the growing
polypeptide chain by a peptide bond. Elongation
continues till the whole gene is translated
7.
8. Steps of translation cont;
• STEP 4: Termination
When the ribosome reaches the stop codon such as
UAA, UAG or UGA, translation is finished since these
codons lack tRNAs. When happens, translation is
stopped and and a newly produced polypeptide chain is
(protein) is released
