incineration of Municipal solid waste, a case study of Malaysia. presentation based on a research study

1. INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
MALAYSIA: SALIENT ISSUES, POLICIES AND
WASTE-TO-ENERGY INITIATIVES
SHARIFAH AISHAH SYED ABD KADIR, CHUN-YANG YIN, MUHAMAD
RASOLI SULAIMAN, XI CHEN, MOHANAD EL-HARBAWI
PRESENTED BY:
ZAINAB AMJAD
BATCH VIII
8TH SEMESTER
23rd september 2013
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Composition of Malaysian MSW (municipal solid waste)
 Current Issues on incineration of MSW
 Large scale and centralized Incineration system
 Energy recovery from incineration of MSW
 Future Directions on Incineration of MSW
 Conclusion

3. QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
 What are the major problems related to MSW?
 what are the challenges associated with use of incineration technology?
 What is the concept of key economic instruments for improving MSWM at
malaysian tourist islands?
 What is RDF technology?
 What is the basic difference between incineration and RDF technology?
 What is the plus point gained by incineration over landfill disposal?
 What are the current issues related to use of incineration technology in Malaysia?
 What is SWPCM Act?
 What are the conditions need to fullfill for the use of incineration technology in
Malaysia?
 What are the major challenges for use of Large scale & centralized incineration
system in Malaysia?

4. ABSTRACT
 MSW pose problems due to their voluminous characteristic.
 Widely used MSW managment plans mostly include landfill
disposal  scarcity of available land.
 Local government looking forward for large scale incineration
processes to address this issue.
 Focus is on application of waste-to-energy as well as refuse-
derive fuel technologies (RDF).
 A relatively successful RDF pilot plant in Malaysia is highlighted
as a case study.

5. INTRODUCTION
 Malaysia occupies a total land area of 328,550 km2
 Population: 27 million
 Population density : 79.87 per km2
 remarkable economic growth over the past 20 years high
influx of foreign workers increase in the amount of
generated municipal solid waste (MSW).
 MSW is generated by households, commercial activities,
commercial enterprises.

6. CONT...
 The average MSW generation : 0.5–0.8 kg/person/day
 In urban areas:1.7 kg/person/day
 Average of 2500 t collected every day for the city of Kuala
Lumpur (capital of Malaysia).
 Waste management in Malaysia is the responsibility of the
Ministry of Housing and Local Government. (the Local
Government Act 1976, Section 72)
 To facilitate handling of MSW through an integrated management
system, Malaysia initiated privatization in 1993.

7. WHY INCINERATION???
99% MSW
Traditional
Landfill
Disposal
Acute Land
Shortage
Environmental
Pollution
Landfill
Pollution
Water Pollution Air Pollution

8. COMPOSITION OF MALAYSIAN MSW
Composition Percentage (%)
Organics 46.97
Plastic 20.28
Paper 17.89
Metal 4.31
Glass 2.60
Inorganics 0.17
Others 7.81
Average Moisture Content 55

9. CURRENT ISSUES ON INCINERATION OF MSW
 Reduction of volumn of the MSW by 95% via incineration.
 Landfills in the vicinity of water bodies.
 Klang valley incident (2006).
 Solid waste and public cleansing management (SWPCM) Act
2007.
 Small scale incineration in resort islands,
under jurisdiction of local authorities.
 Case study of tioman island.

10. CONT...
 Challenge is to find an incineration technology.
1. capable of incinerating waste with high moisture content & low calorific
value.
2. operates at low cost.
 Landfill or Incineration???
 Prior to construction & installation of incinerator, an approved EIA report must be
produced.
 Installation of air pollution control system & other operating conditions.
 Incinerator must comply with the imposed dioxin/furan emmission limit of 0.1 ng-
TEQ/Nm3.

11. LARGE SCALE & CENTRALIZED INCINERATION SYSTEM
 To assist in alleviating the huge volume of MSW in urban areas.
 Major challenges:
1. Unsuitablity of available technology.
2. Unfavourable representaion in media.
3. Protest by local residents.
4. Pressure from NGO’s.
5. Strict emmission standards. (USEPA)
 Favour by proponents:
1. Low toxic emmissions
2. Used by many developed countries for decades.

12. ENERGY RECOVERY FROM INCINERATION OF
MSW
 Small renewable energy power program: (SREP)
1. Implemented by National Government of Malaysia.
2. To promote Malaysia’s fifth fuel policy.
 Refused-derived fuel: (RDF)
1. A specialized subset of WTE technology
2. Pre-processing prior to actual incineration.
3. Four main processing steps related to RDF.

13. CASE STUDY: CORE COMPETENCIES SDN BHD RDF
PILOT PLANT IN SEMEYIH, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
 Commissioned in 2008.
 Max rated capacity 1000t of MSW & 8.9 MW electricity generation.
 Currently process 700t/day & generate 8MW electricity_ export
5MW to National grid.
 Employ 200 people.
 Development as a result of technological link-up between
1. CCSB
2. Malaysian Nuclear Agency
3. University Putra Malaysia.
 Not corbon neutral but carbon dioxide emmission is much less
than that on the open landfill.

14. MSW LANDFILL GAS CAPTURE & ENERGY
GENERATION IN MALAYSIA
 Possibilty for low cost energy generation
Sanitary Landfills % methane generation Power generation
Bukit Tagar 60% 1 MW
Air Hitam 55% 2 MW
Year Methane Possible Electricity
Generation
2010 60,370t (Selangor) 2.20 * 109 kWh
45,500t (Kuala lampur)
2020 371,696 t 2.63 * 109 kWh

15. FUTURE DIRECTIONS ON INCINERATION OF MSW
 Utilization of incinerators is unavoidable in future.
 Prime minister indicated in 2007, the installation of more
incinerators regardless of opposition.
 SWPCM Act 2007 permit a centralized and coordinated SWM by
faderal gov.
 3R initiatives to be implimented.
 Positive impacts on local sustainability.
 Key economic instruments recommended by EPU. (Economic
planning unit)

16. GENERAL CONCEPT OF KEY ECONOMIC
INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPROVING MSWM AT
MALAYSIAN TOURIST ISLANDS

17. CONCLUSIONS
 Take into account of both proponent & opponent’
arguments and interpretations.
 Proposed incinerators be managed by an efficient
organization.
 Allocation of proper budget.
 Proper use of media for public awareness about
safety of incineration technologies.

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
ANY QUESTION???