The document discusses using Chebyshev's inequality to determine what percentage of values in a distribution fall within a certain number of standard deviations from the mean. Specifically, it explains that for a distribution with a mean of 299 and standard deviation of 15, at least 98.77% of values will fall within 9 standard deviations of the mean, between 254 and 344. It also provides a second example of calculating the interval between 245 and 329.