안드로이드 앱의 빌드 툴인 Gradle은 빌드 스크립트로 Groovy DSL을 사용합니다. DSL은 큰 학습 없이 사용할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만, 각 구문의 역할이나 의미를 정확히 알기는 어렵습니다. 이에 대한 기본적인 이해가 생긴다면, 직접 코드를 추가하거나 기존 기능을 개선시키는 등 적극적으로 빌드 과정을 조절하는데 도움이 될 것입니다. 이 세션에서는 Groovy 문법을 간단하게 소개하고, Gradle 파일들을 구문별로 의미하는 바를 짚어보며 gradle 파일을 읽는 법을 알아봅니다. 그리고 원하는 기능을 찾기 위해서 어떤 레퍼런스를 찾아야 하는지에 대한 팁을 공유합니다.

1. .gradle

2. •
• 2
• ( ) 2
•
• 5 🤗
• 3 , 4.5 ?
…?🤔

3. ?

4. [ ] .

5. +
It works! 🥳

6. +
•
• , , …
• API
•
•
• Stackoverflow

7. [ ] .
•
•
•

8. android {
compileSdkVersion 28
defaultConfig {
applicationId “a.b.c”
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 28
……
}
}
JSON? 🤔

9. dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: [‘*.jar'])
}
CODE? 🤔

10. Gradle is an open-source build automation system that builds upon
the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven and introduces
a Groovy-based domain-specific language (DSL) instead of
the XML form used by Apache Maven for declaring the project
configuration.
Gradle by wikipedia

11. •
• Groovy DSL ( )
Gradle is an open-source build automation system that builds upon
the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven and introduces
a Groovy-based domain-specific language (DSL) instead of
the XML form used by Apache Maven for declaring the project
configuration.
Gradle by wikipedia

12. by wikipedia
? APK!

13. by wikipedia
•
•
•
•

14. DSL
• DSL .
• =
• ex) Emacs Emacs Lisp
• Gradle DSL - Gradle
• Groovy Gradle

15. Groovy by wikipedia
• , ,
.
• .
• -
• Python, JavaScript, …

16. take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
take(coffee).with(sugar, milk).and(liquor)

17. a = "a"
def b = "b"
multiply = a * b !// error!
one = 1
str = "I'm the $one"

18. def addAndPrint(num1, num2) {
result = num1 + num2
println(result)
}
addAndPrint 3, 5
addAndPrint(3, 5)

19. def sayHello(paramMap) {
first = paramMap.firstName
last = paramMap.lastName
println "Hello, $first $last"
}
sayHello lastName: " ", firstName: " "
!// hello,

20. •
•
•
1 (first-class citizens)

21. •
•
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
fun twice(number: Int): Int {
return number * 2
}
val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
val lambda = !::twice
val result = numbers.map(lambda)
println(result)
!// prints [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
}
Example.kt

22. def doExecute(fun) {
fun()
}
printHello = {
println "Hello"
}
doExecute(printHello)
doExecute printHello
doExecute { println "Hello" }
•
•
• Closure

23. def printNumberAndExecute(num, fun) {
println num
fun()
}
printHello = {
println "Hello"
}
printNumberAndExecute(3, printHello)
!// result

24. printNumberAndExecute(3, printHello)
printNumberAndExecute 3, printHello
printNumberAndExecute 3, { println "Hello" }
printNumberAndExecute(3) { println "Hello" }
printNumberAndExecute 3 { println "Hello" }

25. printNumberAndExecute(3, printHello)
printNumberAndExecute 3, printHello
printNumberAndExecute 3, { println "Hello" }
printNumberAndExecute(3) { println "Hello" }
printNumberAndExecute 3 { println "Hello" }

26. printNumberAndExecute 3 { println "Hello" }
groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No
signature of method: java.lang.Integer.call() is
applicable for argument types:

27. build.gradle
testImplementation("com.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.ant'
}
..?

28. • Delegate
•

29. def printClosure = { printText "Delegated by" }
class WriterOne {
def printText(str) { println "$str WriterOne" }
}
class WriterTwo {
def printText(str) { println "$str WriterTwo" }
}
printClosure.delegate = new WriterOne()
printClosure() !// "Delegated by WriterOne"
printClosure.delegate = new WriterTwo()
printClosure() !// "Delegated by WriterOne"

30. class Greet {
def name
Greet(name) { this.name = name}
}
Greet.metaClass.bye = { println "Goodbye, $name" }
greet = new Greet("KyoungJoo")
greet.bye()

31. build.gradle
testImplementation("com.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.ant'
}
?
..?
Delegate

32. android {
……
}
dependencies {
testImplementation("com.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.ant'
}
}
build.gradle

33. ?
• Delegate
•
• Delegate
•
•
•

34. Delegate
Type of script Delegates to instance of
Common Script
Build script Project
Init script Gradle
Settings script Settings

35. include ':presentation', ':domain', ':data'
Settings.gradle
Type of script Delegates to instance of
Common Script
Build script Project
Init script Gradle
Settings script Settings

36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Settings API Documentation

37. android {
……
}
dependencies {
testImplementation("com.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.ant'
}
}
build.gradle
Build script Project

38. Product API Documentation

39. android {
……
}
dependencies {
testImplementation("com.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2") {
exclude group: 'org.apache.ant'
}
}
build.gradle
testImplementation ?

40. void dependencies
(Closure configureClosure)
• Configures the dependencies for this project.
• This method executes the given closure against
the DependencyHandler for this project.
The DependencyHandler is passed to the closure
as the closure's delegate.
• Closure DependencyHandler Delegate

41. 0/0🤔

42. ?
• Delegate
•
• Delegate
•
•
•

43. plugin

44. android {
compileSdkVersion 28
defaultConfig {
……
}
buildTypes {
……
}
}

45. apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47. android {
compileSdkVersion 28
defaultConfig {
applicationId “a.b.c”
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 28
……
}
}

48. ?
• Delegate
•
• Delegate
•
•
•
Gradle
Block ,
Delegate
( ) Plugin .
Plugin

49. => Groovy Gradle !
• Groovy Groovy .
• Gradle API Groovy Kotlin
.

50. Gradle.
• ProductFlavor
• BuildConfig
•
• Apk

51. signingConfigs {
release {
storeFile new File(System.properties['user.home'],
teamupKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_STORE_FILE'])
storePassword teamupKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD']
keyAlias teamupKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS']
keyPassword teamupKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD']
}
someVender {
storeFile new File(System.properties['user.home'],
someVenderKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_STORE_FILE'])
storePassword someVenderKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD']
keyAlias someVenderKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS']
keyPassword someVenderKeystoreProperties['RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD']
}
}
Groovy
• flavor keystore
)

52. Groovy
variant.outputs.all {
outputFileName = outputFileName.replaceFirst(".apk",
"-v${versionCode}-${Instant.now()}.apk")
}

53. Gradle.
• https://developer.android.com/studio/build
• Android - - -
•
• ( )
•

54. Gradle Kotlin DSL
• Groovy Kotlin DSL
• IDE
• 12 1.0
•

55. repositories {
maven { setUrl("http:!//dl.bintray.com/kotlin/kotlin-eap") }
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
implementation(kotlin("stdlib-jdk8"))
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-
core:1.0.1")
testCompile("junit", "junit", "4.12")
}