According to WEF, UNWTO, WTTC, World Travel & Tourism Market increased by 26,3% between 2010 through 2015 and now stands more than US$ 7,2 trillion (9,8% of global GDP). The number of international tourists increased by 75% and the number of persons employed in tourism around the world increased to 284 million. The objectives of this paper are: analysis of tourism competitiveness of Ukraine’s regions on the basis of relevant index calculation in 2013-2015; ranking of regions; analysis of the dynamics of changes in index and rankings by region; evaluation of tourism competitiveness level of regions. As results of research the set of indicators was formed to reflect the tourism competitiveness from a regional perspective. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) for 24 regions and Kyiv city in 2013-2015 was calculated and rating was constructed. It was established that 88% of regions have a positive trend in the index changing and there are only 3 regions with a negative one. The ranking leaders are Kyiv city (1st place), Lviv (2nd place) and Chernivetska (3rd place) regions. During 2013-2015, seven regions have worsened their positions in the overall rankings, losing from 1 to 9 positions; another nine regions on the contrary have risen in the rating by 1 to 9 positions; and other nine regions have saved their positions in ranking. It was established that 92−96% of regions have an intermediate level of tourism competitiveness in 2013-2015 and 4−8% of regions have an upper-intermediate. The results of the study show that tourist industry of Ukraine’s regions has an intermediate level of the development (68% of regions have TTCI > 3,5 in 2015). It is proved by WEF calculation according to which TTCI of Ukraine is 3,83. https://econ.biem.sumdu.edu.ua/

1. Volume VII, Issue 4(16) Winter 2016
Biannually
Volume VIII
Issue 2(18)
SPRING 2017
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt
ASERS
Journal of Environmental Management
and Tourism

2. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
Contents:
1
Agent Technology in Hotel Business
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV …285
2
Hospitality Investment Environment in Russia
Elena Aleksandrovna DEDUSENKO
…291
3
Methods of Assessing the Competitive Environment of Public Food
Service Establishments in the Context of Providing their Sustainable
Development
Nina Vladimirovna KUZNETSOVA, Anastasiya Grigoryevna VASILYEVA
Liliya Muhametovna RAHIMOVA, Larisa Vladimirovna ORININA,
Inessa Valerjevna KASHUBA, Yuliya Leonidovna KIVA-KHAMZINA
…301
4
Formation and Development of Transnational Hotel Chains in Modern
Environment
Lyubov Semenovna MOROZOVA, Vladimir Yuryevich MOROZOV
Natalya Vladimirovna HAVANOVA, Irina Albertovna DUBORKINA,
Marat Venerovich ARIFULIN
…319
5
An Analysis of the Operational Efficiency of Massage and SPA
Businesses on Asian Highway Number 15
Nattanin UEASIN …329
6
Econometrical Analysis of the Demand for Entrance Tourism in
Kazakhstan
Almas KURALBAYEV …334
7
Differences in Perception of Economic, Social and Environmental
Impacts for Tourism in Four Groups of Interests. Case Study Kosovo
Merita Begolli DAUTI …344
8
Ensuring Stable Development of the Regional Agro-Industrial Complex
on the Basis of Its Clustering
Elena Victorovna DORZHIEVA …354
9
Estimation of Prospects Related to Developing Tourism and
Recreational Services in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Maxim Sergyeyevich ZLTONIKOV, Victoria Valerievna TELNIKH,
Sergey Illarionovich MUTOVIN, Svetlana Kapitonovna DEMCHENKO,
Julia Ju. SUSLOVA
…366
10
Analysis of the Touristic Recreational Potential of a Territory as a
Condition for Development of Ecological Tourism (the Southern
Moscow Region Case Study)
Vitali Ju. IVLEV, Marina I. IVLEVA, Aleksandr I. PANYUKOV,
Teymur E. ZULFUGARZADE
…373
SPRING 2017
Volume VIII
Issue 2(18)
Editor in Chief
PhD Ramona PÎRVU
University of Craiova, Romania
Editorial Advisory Board
Omran Abdelnaser
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Huong Ha
University of Newcastle, Singapore,
Australia
Harjeet Kaur
HELP University College, Malaysia
Janusz Grabara
Czestochowa University of Technology,
Poland
Vicky Katsoni
Techonological Educational Institute of
Athens, Greece
Sebastian Kot
Czestochowa University of Technology,
Institute of Logistics and International
Management, Poland
Nodar Lekishvili
Tibilisi State University, Georgia
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest,
Romania
Piotr Misztal
Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce,
Faculty of Management and
Administration, Poland
Agnieszka Mrozik
Faculty of Biology and Environmental
protection, University of Silesia, Katowice,
Poland
Chuen-Chee Pek
Nottingham University Business School,
Malaysia
Roberta De Santis
LUISS University, Italy
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
University of Foggia, Italy
Dan Selişteanu
University of Craiova, Romania
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania
ASERS Publishing
http://www.asers.eu/asers-publishing
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt

3. Volume VII, Issue 4(16) Winter 2016
11
The Role and Importance of the Cluster Approach in the Development
of Domestic Tourism of the Russian Federation
Anna A. LARIONOVA, Elena A. DZHANDZHUGAZOVA,
Ludmila I. CHERNIKOVA, Alexey D. CHUDNOVSKIY, Guzel R. FAIZOVA ...385
12
An Analysis of Influential Factors on Tourism Destinations
Competitiveness
Lotfali KOZEGAR KALEJI, Mehdi HESAM, Mohammad KAZEMI …393
13
Increasing the Competitiveness of the Russian Hotel Enterprises under
Modern Conditions
Andrey Pavlovich KOVALTCHUK , Ekaterina Arturovna BLINOVA,
Konstantin Aleksandrovich MILORADOV …407
14
The Ecological Component of Tourism Development in the Region
Shynar Zhakanovna RAKHMETULLINA, Sharafat TRUSHEVA,
Armanay Sagatbayevna SAVANCHIYEVA, Dinara YESSIMOVA,
Zulfiya Amangeldinovna ARYNOVA …417
15
Measuring Local Tourists’ Perceptions in the Petra City as One of
Seven Wonders of the World
Bashar M. AL NAJDAWI, Qusi Q. KKALEEFAH, Hakam S. SHATANAWI,
Emran M. AL MOMANI …427
16
Domestic Tourism in Russian Federation: Population Estimations,
Resources and Development Constraints
Elena Victorovna FROLOVA, Tatyana Mikhailovna RYABOVA,
Elena Evgen'evna KABANOVA, Olga Vladimirovna ROGACH,
Ekaterina Alexandrovna VETROVA
…436
17
Improvement of the Methodical Approaches to Evaluation of the
Tourism Advertising Campaign Effectiveness
Alexey Igorevich ROMANENKOV, Ilya Viktorovich KUTIN,
Kostyantyn Anatol'evich LEBEDEV, Liudmila Mihaylovna GRZHEBINA
Oskar Viktorovich SHIMANSKIY
…446
18
The Economic Impact of International Tourism to Overcome the
Unemployment and the Poverty in Indonesia
Edy SUPRIYADI, Devi Roza Krisnandhi KAUSAR …451
19
Evaluation of Tourism Competitiveness of Ukraine's Regions
Bohdan KOVALOV, Iryna BURLAKOVA, Viacheslav VORONENKO
…460
20
Ethnic Cultural Tourism Resources Evaluation and Development:
Kazakh Cultural Tourism Resources Analysis
Adayi SAIKEN, Azamat DUISSEMBAYEV, Yang ZHAOPING,
Ordenbek MAZBAEV, Samalgul NASSANBEKOVA, Beknur IZDENBAEV …467
21
Literature Review of Renewable Energy in the Tourism Industry
Katalin ÁSVÁNYI, Katalin JUHÁSZ-DÓRA, Melinda JÁSZBERÉNYI,
Gábor MICHALKÓ
…476
Editor in Chief
PhD Ramona PÎRVU
University of Craiova, Romania
Editorial Advisory Board
Omran Abdelnaser
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Huong Ha
University of Newcastle, Singapore,
Australia
Harjeet Kaur
HELP University College, Malaysia
Janusz Grabara
Czestochowa University of Technology,
Poland
Vicky Katsoni
Techonological Educational Institute of
Athens, Greece
Sebastian Kot
Czestochowa University of Technology,
Institute of Logistics and International
Management, Poland
Nodar Lekishvili
Tibilisi State University, Georgia
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu
Academy of Economic Studies
Bucharest, Romania
Piotr Misztal
Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce,
Faculty of Management and
Administration, Poland
Agnieszka Mrozik
Faculty of Biology and Environmental
protection, University of Silesia,
Katowice, Poland
Chuen-Chee Pek
Nottingham University Business School,
Malaysia
Roberta De Santis
LUISS University, Italy
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
University of Foggia, Italy
Dan Selişteanu
University of Craiova, Romania
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania
ASERS Publishing
http://www.asers.eu/asers-publishing
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt
SPRING 2017
Volume VIII,
Issue 2(18)

4. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
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5. Volume VIII, Issue 2(18) Spring 2017
460
Evaluation of Tourism Competitiveness of Ukraine's Regions
Bohdan KOVALOV
Sumy State University, Ukraine
b.kovalov@econ.sumdu.edu.ua
Iryna BURLAKOVA
Sumy State University, Ukraine
iryna.m.burlakova@gmail.com
Viacheslav VORONENKO
Sumy State University, Ukraine
sl.voronenko@econ.sumdu.edu.ua
Suggested Citation:
Kovalov, B., Burlakova, I., and Voronenko, V. 2017. Evaluation of tourism competitiveness of Ukraine's regions. Journal of
Environmental Management and Tourism, Volume VIII, Spring, 2(18): 460 - 466. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v8.2(18).19
Article’s History:
Received January, 2017; Revised February, 2017; Published April, 2017.
2017. ASERS Publishing©. All rights reserved.
Abstract:
According to WEF, UNWTO, WTTC, World Travel & Tourism Market increased by 26,3% between 2010 through 2015 and
now stands more than US$ 7,2 trillion (9,8% of global GDP). The number of international tourists increased by 75% and the
number of persons employed in tourism around the world increased to 284 million.
The objectives of this paper are: analysis of tourism competitiveness of Ukraine’s regions on the basis of relevant
index calculation in 2013-2015; ranking of regions; analysis of the dynamics of changes in index and rankings by region;
evaluation of tourism competitiveness level of regions. As results of research the set of indicators was formed to reflect the
tourism competitiveness from a regional perspective. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) for 24 regions and
Kyiv city in 2013-2015 was calculated and rating was constructed. It was established that 88% of regions have a positive trend
in the index changing and there are only 3 regions with a negative one. The ranking leaders are Kyiv city (1st place), Lviv (2nd
place) and Chernivetska (3rd place) regions. During 2013-2015, seven regions have worsened their positions in the overall
rankings, losing from 1 to 9 positions; another nine regions on the contrary have risen in the rating by 1 to 9 positions; and
other nine regions have saved their positions in ranking. It was established that 92−96% of regions have an intermediate level
of tourism competitiveness in 2013-2015 and 4−8% of regions have an upper-intermediate. The results of the study show that
tourist industry of Ukraine’s regions has an intermediate level of the development (68% of regions have TTCI > 3,5 in 2015).
It is proved by WEF calculation according to which TTCI of Ukraine is 3,83.
Keywords: tourism; competitiveness; index; evaluation; region; ranking
JEL Classification: C13; L83; O18
Introduction
Over the last 5 years the capacity of the world travel and tourism sector grew by 26.3% from US$ 5.7 trillion in 2010
to US$ 7.2 trillion in 2015 (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf),
which is 9.8% of the world GDP. In addition, the number of international tourist trips increased in 1.75 times from
674 million in 2010 to 1,186 billion in 2015 (The Data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2013–2015)). The
tourism industry provides jobs for more than 284 million people worldwide (http://www3.weforum.org/docs/
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v8.2(18).19

6. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
461
TT15/WEF_Global_Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf), i.e., every 11th workplace directly or indirectly related to the
sector of travel and tourism.
Since 2007, the World Economic Forum monitors the competitiveness of travel and tourism of various
countries based on the calculation of the relevant index. In 2015 this index helped to analyze economies of 141
countries. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade developed a draft decree "On adoption of the
development Strategy of tourism and resorts for 2016-2020" (Glybovets 2011), which is to replace the current, but
outdated and irrelevant act of 06.08.2008. According to the strategy, one of the areas is the formation and
implementation of competitive national, regional and local tourist products. It substantiates urgency of monitoring
the tourism competitiveness of Ukrainian regions.
1. Literature review
There is a lot of works dedicated to the tourism competitiveness research by the large number of foreign scientists,
such as: Gburova and Matusikova (2014), Mahika, Bran and Tigu (2014), Singh and Singh (2016), Dias (2017),
Rehman Khan, Qianli, SongBo, Zaman and Zhang (2017), Pulido-Fernandez, Rodriguez-Diaz (2016), etc.
On the other hand, the works of Ukrainian scientists are exploring the tourism competitiveness through the
adjacent categories. So, the evaluation of tourism potential was carried out by such Ukrainian scholars as:
Kovshova (2008) (country), Samko (2010) (region), Hayduk (1999) (territory), Glybovets (2011) (settlements), etc.
The evaluation of tourist attractiveness was carried out by: Gavran (2002) (objects of recreation and tourist
systems), Muzychenko-Kozlovskaya (2007) (territory), etc.
The analyzed publications are missing the results of the evaluation of tourist competitiveness of Ukrainian
regions with building an appropriate rating, and with the research of the dynamics of development of the tourism
industry. In particular, the missing piece is an adapted method of calculating of The Travel & Tourism
Competitiveness Index, TTCI, to the Ukrainian statistics database, which, of course, is a barrier to achieving the
strategic goal of tourism development on the national, regional and local levels.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the tourism competitiveness of Ukrainian regions based on the
calculation of the relevant index, the ranking of regions, the dynamics of change in the index and rankings by region,
evaluation of the level of tourism competitiveness of regions.
2. Methodology
The TTCI content consists of four sub-indices, 14 measurements and 90 separate indicators, 2/3 of which is
statistics and 1/3 is an expert data (Table 1). The index measures the factors and causes that contribute to
sustainable development of the tourism industry, which in turn leads to the development of competitiveness of the
country.
Table 1. Structure of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
Enabling Environment
State policy of Travel and
Tourism Regulations
Infrastructure
Natural and cultural
resources
Business Environment
(12 indicators)
Tourism-oriented
(6 indicators)
Aero infrastructure
(6 indicators)
Natural resources
(5 indicators)
Safety and security
(5 indicators)
International openness
(3 indicators)
Land and sea transport
infrastructure
(7 indicators)
Cultural resources sand
business trips
(5 indicators)
Health and hygiene
(6 indicators)
Price competitiveness
(4 indicators)
Infrastructure of tourism
services
(4 indicators)
-
People resources and labor market
(9 indicators)
Ecological sustainability
(10 indicators)
- -
Readiness of the ICT
(8 indicators)
- - -
Source: Compiled by the authors based at Melnyk 2016

7. Volume VIII, Issue 2(18) Spring 2017
462
The sub-index A "Enabling Environment" encompasses the general parameters that are necessary for
economic growth and business development (including tourism) in the country and enables to assess the
effectiveness of legislation for the protection of property rights, regulation of foreign direct investments, dispute
resolution, appeals against actions of the authorities; the level of violence and terrorist actions; the quality and
accessibility of the health care system; education of the population, ease of finding, hiring and training of staff;
number of mobile subscribers and Internet stuff.
Sub-index B "The State policy and regulation of travel and tourism" (T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions)
covers indicators that are directly related to tourism and enables tourists to evaluate the quality of the environment
and choose desired travel destination, for example, the priority level of tourism development , the share of budget
expenditure on tourism; visa requirements for foreign tourists; the cost of airline services, hotel rooms, fuel, air
pollution, state the effectiveness of sustainable tourism development, the number of endangered species, etc.
The sub-index C the "Infrastructure" reflects the availability and quality of tourism infrastructure, its logistics
and hospitality, as well as identifies issues that require government interference: the quality of air transport
infrastructure, the capacity of national and international flows; the density and quality of roads and Railways, quality
of transport services; the number of hotel rooms, number of ATMs that accept Visa cards etc.
The sub-index G "Natural and cultural resources" contains indicators that reflect the main motivation to travel
around the country - its cultural heritage and the riches of nature, for example, the number of objects of UNESCO
World heritage sites, the level of digital tourism demand, the number of species and percentage of protected areas,
the number of large sports arenas, etc.
The final TTCI is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the four values of the above sub-indexes.
3. Case studies
An important role in the adaptation of methods of calculation of TTCI to the regional level of Ukraine plays a
selection of adequate national statistical indicators for the regions that would preserve the original meaning of the
original indicator and would be available in statistical reports of the state service of Ukraine. Given this, it is
proposed to submit the content of the TTCI for regions of Ukraine in the following way (Table 2).
Table 2. The indicators of the TTCI for the regions of Ukraine
№ Indicators (original TTCI) Indicators (adapted TTCI)
1 Sub-index A “Enabling Environment”
1.1 Cost to start a business Available income per one person
1.2 Homicide rate / 100 t. ppl. Number of people killed in the region / 100 t. ppl.
1.3 Physician density / 100 t. ppl. Accessibility of doctors
1.4 Hospital beds availability Available hospital beds for every 10 thousand people
1.5 HIV prevalence (age: 19-49) The number of HIV and AIDS infected
1.6 Primary education enrolment rate Primary education enrolment rate (6-9 y.o.)
1.7 Secondary education enrolment rate Secondary education enrolment rate (10-17 y.o.)
1.8 Female labour force participation Female labour force participation (opposite to male)
1.9 Individuals using the internet Individuals using the internet
1.10 Broadband internet subscribers Broadband internet subscribers
1.11 Mobile telephone subscriptions Mobile telephone subscriptions
2 Sub-index B “State policy and regulation of tourism”
2.1 Hotel price index Average price of hotel rooms
2.2 Solids concentration (microgram/m3)
Emissions of suspended solids in the atmosphere from stationary
sources of pollution
2.3 Forest cover change (% per year) Segment of reproduced forests by region (of total forest area)

8. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
463
№ Indicators (original TTCI) Indicators (adapted TTCI)
2.4 Wastewater treatment (%) Segment of circulating and consistently (re) used water
3 Sub-index C “Infrastructure”
3.1 Available seat kilometres, domestic Public transportation by interconnected airlift
3.2 Available seat kilometres, international Public transportation by international connected airlift
3.3 Railroad density Density of public railroad
3.4 Road density Density of public hard roads
3.5 Hotel rooms quantity per 100 persons
Quantity of places in collective accommodation facilities per 100
persons
4 Sub-index D “Natural and cultural resources”
4.1 Amount of World Heritage natural sites Amount of state and national natural parks
4.2 Total protected areas Segment of state and national natural parks
4.3 Amount of World Heritage cultural sites Amount of cultural heritage sites of national significance
4.4 Amount of sports stadium Amount of stadiums with stands for 1,500 seats or more
Source: Compiled by the authors based at Melnyk 2016
The adapted methods included 24 statistical indices from 90 indicators of the original techniques: sub-index
“Enabling environment” with 11 indicators, sub-indexes “State policy and regulation of tourism” and “Natural and
cultural resources” with 4 indicators for each, sub-index “Infrastructure” with its 5 indicators.
As the indicators included in the content of TTCI index have different measurement units and different
ranges of values, it is necessary to bring their values to the normalized form that means to conduct a normalization
procedure. The methodology of the World Economic Forum is used this purpose (Melnyk 2016):
§ if the minimum value of the indicator corresponds to the worst position in the region and the maximum
corresponds to the best one, then normalization is done by Eq. (1).
,
1
)
(
6
min
max
min
+
−
−
⋅
=
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator i
normal
і
(1)
when 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟"
NghPZi
– normalized value of the indicator і
Indicator ; min
max ,Indicator
Indicator – maximum and
minimum values of the indicator among the compared regions;
§ if the minimum value of the indicator corresponds to the best position in the region and the maximum
corresponds to the worst one, then normalization is done by Eq. (2).
,
7
)
(
6
min
max
min
+
−
−
⋅
−
=
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator
Indicator i
noemal
і
(2)
when normal
і
Indicator – normalized value of the indicator і
Indicator ; min
max ,Indicator
Indicator – maximum and
minimum values of the indicator among the compared regions.
As a result, the range of possible values of the analyzed indicators will be determined by the interval [0; 7].
In this case, a “0” will correspond to the worst and “7” to the best value of normalized index among the compared
regions. Sub-indexes A, B, C, and D are calculated as the arithmetic average of the component indicators included
in their content. The results of the TTCI calculations and ratings of regions at the given index in 2013-2015 are
shown in Table 3. In order to avoid distortion of the results of the study, the index calculations were not conducted
for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol because appropriate statistical information on
indicators isn’t provided.

9. Volume VIII, Issue 2(18) Spring 2017
464
Table 3. Dynamics of TTCI and rating of the regions of Ukraine, 2013-2015
№ Regions
TTCI values Index
change, (%)
Rank places of regions Rank change,
(of places)
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
1 Vinnytsa 3,44 3,49 3,56 +3,46 13 17 19 ↓6
2 Volyn 3,43 3,71 3,60 +4,90 14 9 14 =
3 Dnipropetrovsk 3,31 3,53 3,58 +8,06 19 14 18 ↑1
4 Donetsk 3,17 3,14 3,21 +1,33 23 24 23 =
5 Zhytomyr 3,20 3,46 3,60 +12,43 21 20 12 ↑9
6 Zakarpattia 3,79 3,77 3,81 +0,66 7 7 7 =
7 Zaporizka 3,87 3,78 3,73 −3,59 4 6 9 ↓5
8 Ivano-Franskivsk 3,85 3,99 4,01 +4,26 5 5 5 =
9 Kyiv 2,89 3,17 3,32 +14,66 25 22 22 ↑3
10 Kirovohrad 3,02 3,12 3,17 +4,90 24 25 24 =
11 Luhansk 3,40 3,16 3,16 −7,15 16 23 25 ↓9
12 Lviv 4,09 4,22 4,25 +3,84 2 2 2 =
13 Mykolaiv 3,47 3,63 3,60 +3,86 12 12 13 ↓1
14 Odesa 3,59 3,56 3,58 −0,28 9 13 17 ↓8
15 Poltava 3,58 3,68 3,72 +3,88 10 11 10 =
16 Rivne 3,36 3,53 3,60 +6,87 18 14 15 ↑3
17 Sumy 3,39 3,48 3,48 +2,77 17 18 20 ↓3
18 Ternopil 3,41 3,49 3,59 +5,43 15 16 16 ↓1
19 Kharkiv 3,51 3,70 3,74 +6,43 11 10 8 ↑3
20 Kherson 3,67 3,72 3,82 +4,14 8 8 6 ↑2
21 Khmelnytskyi 3,82 4,01 4,13 +8,16 6 4 4 ↑2
22 Cherkasy 3,18 3,44 3,44 +8,22 22 21 21 ↑1
23 Chernivtsi 3,93 4,18 4,17 +6,24 3 3 3 =
24 Chernihiv 3,30 3,47 3,63 +10,22 20 19 11 ↑9
25 Kyiv city 4,35 4,57 4,67 +7,45 1 1 1 =
Source: Calculated by the authors based at data from State Statistics Service of Ukraine (Hayduk 1999).
For analysis of the regions’ distribution according to the TTCI value it is proposed to divide the range [0; 7]
into ten equal intervals so that 10% of regions with the best Index value was in the first interval (6,3<TTCI≤7). The
next 10% of regions with the best Index value get to a second interval (5, 6<TTCI≤6, 3), etc.
Distribution results that are given in table 4 show that all analyzed regions were up to three intervals. The
interval (2, 8<TTCI≤3,5) includes from 6 to 14 regions in different years. The number of areas of this interval is
decreasing 4 times every year. In 2015, it includes six regions (20-25 places in the rankings): Sumy, Cherkasy,
Kyiv, Donetsk, Kirovohrad and Luhansk regions. Positive tendency of TTCI changes is observed in all areas of this
group (except for Lugansk region). It should be noted that there is a potential for transition to a higher interval in
Sumy (TTCI=3,48) and Cherkasy (TTCI=3,44) regions because the values of their indices are close to the lower
limit of the next interval in (3.5). The interval (3,5<TTCI≤4,2) includes from 10 to 17 regions in different years. The
number of regions in this interval is growing annually (by moving from the lower interval) in 3-4 regions. In 2015 it
includes 17 regions (3-19 places in the ranking): Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kherson, Zakarpattia,
Kharkiv, Zaporizhia, Poltava, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Mykolaiv, Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk and
Vinnytsia regions. In all areas of this group (except Zaporizhzhia and Odessa regions) observed a positive tendency
of TTCI changes. It should be noted that Chernivtsi (TTCI=4,17) and Khmelnytskyi (TTCI=4,13) regions have the

10. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
465
potential to move to the higher interval. The interval (4,2<TTCI≤4,9) covers the regions with the highest index value
from the total sample. It includes Kyiv (2013-2015) and Lviv regions (since 2014).
Table 4. Distribution of the regions at intervals, 2013-2015
TTCI intervals
2013 2014 2015
Amount % Amount % Amount %
from 0 to 0,7 0 0 0 0 0 0
… … … … … … …
from 2,8 to 3,5 14 56 10 40 6 24
from 3,5 to 4,2 10 40 13 52 17 68
from 4,2 to 4,9 1 4 2 8 2 8
… … … … … … …
from 6,3 to 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 25 100 25 100 25 100
Source: Compiled by the authors based at Table 3
It should be noted that for the period 2013-2015 in three regions observed a negative tendency of TTCI
changes, seven regions have worsened their position in the overall rankings losing from 1 to 9 positions. On the
other hand, twenty-two regions have a positive trend of TTCI changes, nine regions have improved their position
in the overall ranking rising 1-9 positions four regions of which have moved to a higher interval. Nine regions have
maintained the rating place. There are three leaders among them: Kyiv city, Lviv and Chernivtsi regions, as well as
two outsiders: Kirovohrad and Donetsk regions.
Conclusion
The results of the calculation of travel and tourism competitiveness index found that the analyzed regions were
distinguished in three intervals in 2013-2015: 92-96% of the regions is in the range of average index values
(2,8<TTCI≤3,5 3,5<TTCI≤4,2), and 4-8% of regions – in intervals above the average of index (4,2<TTCI≤4,9). It
means that tourism competitiveness of regions of Ukraine has an average level. The positive aspect is that 88%
(22 of 25) regions tend to increase the level of competitiveness, but none of the regions has TTCI indicator below
2.8, which corresponds to the intervals of low values of the index. Moreover, according to the World Economic
Forum, TTCI values of Ukraine in comparison with all countries in the world contains 3, 83 (Muzychenko-Kozlovs’ka
2007) which confirms the validity of the results of this study.
References
[1] Dias, J.G. 2017. Environmental sustainability measurement, in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index:
An empirical analysis of its reliability. Ecological Indicators, 73: 589−596.
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[3] Gavran, V. 2002. Management of investment activity in a recreation-tourist orb. PhD diss., Lviv (in Ukr.)
[4] Glybovets, V. 2011. Social and geographical aspects of the study of cities as centers of tourism (for example
the Capital social–geographical district). PhD diss., Kyiv (in Ukr.)
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http://soskin.info/userfiles/file/2014/9-10_2014/1/Gburova,Matusikova.pdf
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[7] Mahika, C., Bran, F., and Ţigu, G. 2014. Travel & tourism competitiveness index – regional empirical analysis
for Romania. Quality – Access to Success, 15: 74–85.
[8] Muzychenko-Kozlovs’ka, O. 2007. An economic estimation and regulation of tourist appeal of territory. PhD
diss., Lviv (in Ukr.)
[9] Pulido-Fernández, J.I., Rodríguez-Díaz, B. 2016. Reinterpreting the World Economic Forum's global tourism
competitiveness index. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20: 131−140. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.08.001
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International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14, 4: 2503-2518.
*** The Data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2013–2015). Available at: http://ukrstat.gov.ua/
*** The draft decree “On approval of the Strategy of development of tourism and resorts in 2016-2020 years” (2016).
Available at: https://www.knteu.kiev.ua/file/NjY4NQ==/e1227acdf34bb4a1da39d384139b9d7a.pdf (in Ukr.)
*** The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 (2011). Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_
TravelTourismCompetitiveness_Report_2011.pdf
*** The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 (2013). Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF
_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf
*** The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 (2015). Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ TT15/
WEF_Global_Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf
*** Travel & Tourism. Economic impact 2016 (2016). Available at: http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/
economic%20impact%20research/regions%202016/world2016.pdf
*** UNWTO Tourism Highlights (2016). Available at: http://www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br/images/pdf/estatisti
cas_indicadores/UNTWO_Tourism_Highlights_2016_Edition.pdf

12. Volume VIII, Issue 2(18) Spring 2017
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regions of Kazakh ethnic cultural tourism resources district characteristic and division of labor (Omarov 2003,
Mirzahan 2006). Therefore, according to the geographical and cultural characteristics of Kazakh ethnic cultural
tourism resources spatial layout is divided into the following two key areas:
Large jade Edwards Kazakh culture tourism resources area
International: for travelling along the ancient Silk Road, as the focus of the grassland Silk Road International
Tourism zone (China - Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Russia - Iran – Turkey); the spatial
connection of Kazakh small jade Edwards distribution area, relatively complete reflection of Kazakh ethnic cultural
tourism resources, and all of the information symbols, in the core area of the silk road (Mirzahan 2006, Liu Hun
2007).
Domestic: The upper Ile River in Yusun culture tourism, mainly in the Kazakh big jade Edwards Yusun,
Clexane tribal dominated Ile River jade in cultural tourism resources market. The geographical position of Xinjiang
is located in the Western Tian shan Mountains north, northeast and Russia, bordering Mongolia, west of the border
with the Kazakhstan Republic, Xinjiang and China to Central Asia and western international big channel. Area: the
fruit Kengsay-Sairam - Lake - Ile City, country of Narat scenic - Air Grassland - Tekes country - Mongolkure country
– Horgas port.
In the jade in Kazakh nationality cultural tourism zone
International:
International Altai Kazakh nationality cultural tourist resources cooperation zone, to ring all Taishan regional
based international Altai regional tourism economic cooperation zone. The Altai region is defined, Taishan region,
including China's Xinjiang Aletai region, Russia in the Altai territory and the Altai Republic, Kazakhstan, Eastern
Kazakhstan and Mongolia province and Bayan olgii Hovd Province, rich in resources, the magnificent, primitive
ecological, economic development level is low, open degree is poor, development potential is tremendous (Lu, Jun
and Zhang Wenxiang 2006). Most of the inhabitants of Kazak in jade Edwards and jade in, have a common cultural
characteristics and historical tradition.
Domestic:
Irtish upstream of jade Edwards’s culture tourism for Irish upstream consists mainly of Kazakh in jade
Edwards culture tourism. The Irish basin is the cradle of culture of Kazak in jade Edwards. Most of the residents of
this tribe is ag. Tourism development starts later, ethnic cultural tourism resources has not been developed,
preservation of the integrity of resources (Neigemet 2007). Resources’ characteristics: Erqisihe basin natural
scenery, historical archaeology, geology and geomorphology, krek tribal folk culture, region: Qinggil ushkol -
Taikeshken - Koktogaiamirsana – Qakurte-Bureltogai Ulonggur- Aletai Keran River - Buerqen country - Haba
County - Kanas area - Jemenei county.
References:
[1] Bao, Jigang, and Chu Yifang 1999. The Geography of Tourism. Higher education press, 128-131
ISBN: 9787040077292. Available at: https://book.douban.com/subject/1620439/
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Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, Volume V, Winter, 2(10): 105-113.
DOI:10.14505/jemt.v5.2(10).01
[3] Huang Fojun. 2002. Study on Xinjiang folk cultural tourism resources development. Xinjiang Local Records,
(4): 37-39. Available at: http://www.lunwentianxia.com/qikan_detail_qis/390186/
[4] Li Shuqun 2005. The development of Xinjiang ethnic culture tourism. Seek Truth from Facts, (2): 65-66.
Available at: http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SSQS200502021.htm
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13. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
475
[6] Lu, Jun and Zhang Wenxiang 2006. The thematic development of ethnic cultural tourism research. Journal of
Guilin Institute of Tourism, 4: 496-500. Available at: http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GLGZ2006
04027.htm
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at: http://baike.sogou.com/v76458114.htm?fromTitle
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Available at: https://book.douban.com/subject/20320123/
[9] Omarov, E. 2003. “Kazakh Orkenieti”, Egemen Kazakhtsan: 11-21 Available at: http://www.dalanews.kz/ 9583
[10] Yan Shun 2001. Xinjiang tourism resources and its exploitation and utilization. Arid Land Geography, 24 (4):
297-304. Available at: http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GHDL200104001.htm
[11] Yang Zhaoping and Zhang Xiaolei 2001. The border area tourism development mode research. Economic
Geography, 21 (3): 363-366. Available at: http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJDL200103025.htm

14. Journal of Environment Management and Tourism
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