https://econ.biem.sumdu.edu.ua/

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Department of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Business Administration
https://econ.biem.sumdu.edu.ua/

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Types and forms of correlation relationships between
phenomena
In statistics, a functional relationship and stochastic dependence are distinguished.functional call such
a connection in which a certain value factor attribute corresponds to only one value of the resultant
attribute. If a causal dependence does not appear in each individual case, but in general, on average,
with a large number of observations, then such a dependence is calledstochastic . A special case of a
stochastic connection iscorrelation a connection in which the change in the average value of the
effective attribute is due to the change in factor signs.

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Depending on the direction of action, a connection is distinguisheddirect and
reverse . With a direct connection, the direction of change in the resulting
attribute coincides with the direction of the attribute-factor, i.e. with an increase
in the factor attribute, the resultant one also increases and vice versa.

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According to the analytical expression (form), the connections can berectilinear and
curvilinear. With a straight-line relationship with an increase in the value of the factor
attribute, there is a continuous increase or decrease in the value of the effective attribute.
Mathematically, such a relationship is represented by the equation of a straight line y
u003d a o + a 1 x, and graphically - a straight line.

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● With a curvilinear relationship with an increase in the value of the factor attribute, the
increase (or decrease) of the effective attribute occurs unevenly or its direction
reverses. Geometrically, such connections are represented by curved lines (hyperbola,
parabola, etc.).
● Another important characteristic of relationships is in terms of interacting factors. If a
relationship between two features is characterized, then it is called steam room. If
more than two variables are being studied - multiple.

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Relationships between phenomena established on the basis of theoretical analysis
can be studied, measured and quantified using various statistical methods. Balance
and index methods are used to study functional relationships. To study the
correlations between attributive features - the method of mutual contingency, for
quantitatively varying features - the method of parallel series, graphical method,
method of analytical groupings, correlation and regression analysis.