2. Exterior Plaster Wall and Ceilings,
Fire-Resistive & Drywall Assemblies:
Presented by the
Technical Services Information
Bureau . . .
Darin Coats
Bryan Stanley
M ichael M . Logue
3.
4. WESTERN WALL & CEILING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
TECHNICAL SERVICES INFORMATION BUREAU
5. •Administrative Functions
•Multi Employer Bargaining Agent
•Trustee of Pension, Health & Welfare
•Apprenticeship Programs
•Member Benefits
•Union Contract Administrator
•Technical Services
•Trade Promotion
•Trade Education
•Industry Standards
•Field Inspections and Reports
•Code Development
•Technical Committees and Councils
•Detailing – Spec Review
•Preconstruction – Mock Ups
6. Who we are … a little
history
WWCCA / TSIB can
be traced back to
1929, when we were
called the
Contracting
Plasterers’
Association
Southern California
CPASC.
7. 1929 – 1988 …
The original state association board members
11. As the industry grew, so to did the need for
technical services. Walt Pruter started the
Plastering Information Bureau in 1952
Walt Pruter Clyde Bell Jim Rose Harold
McKeller
Walt Pruter, was a WWII carrier pilot, an architect from the
Illinois Institute of Technology, and an architectural representative
from United States Gypsum prior to his career with the Bureau
12. Twelve years later Walt turned over the
Plastering Information Bureau to J.R. “Dick”
Gorman
Dick Gorman, was an Army
Captain and an Architect from
Rice University before he came to
us from Kaiser Gypsum
13. Dick was instrumental in the development of the Data
Guide and Reference Spec’s, and the original stucco
textures and finishes brochure …
14. In the 50’s, southern California began a housing boom and
ushered in the era of the tract home. Stucco (exterior) and
Gypsum Plaster (interior) were used extensively.
15. The advent of the tract home in the 50’s put
many Southern California plastering
contractors on the map.
Past Presidents
Geo. M. Raymond C. B. Scott
16. Commercial and Residential markets continued to
grow into the 1960’s and plaster was there to meet
the growing demands of designers
17. As the complexity of structures increased, so to did the need for a
reliable, accurate source of information. In 1977, Walt Pruter, Clay
Johnson and Sam Jaffe published the Plaster/Metal Framing
Systems/Lath Manual.
First Edition Second Edition
18. In 1987, Dick Gorman, Walt Pruter, Jim Rose and Sam Jaffe
published the 3rd edition of the manual, which now contained
drywall technical information, and called it the Drywall and
Plaster Systems Manual – AKA “The Manual”
19. TSIB Staff and Consultants
1952 - 2008 Walt Pruter
1964 J.R. “Dick” Gorman – Senior Consultant, field
inspections from LA – to San Luis Obispo
2000 Michael Logue – Director - Oversees all Technical
Services.
ASTM/ICC/ACI/AIA/AWCI/FCA/DWFC/WCWCI
2002 Darin Coats – Technical Advisor – Specializes in
Drywall and Drywall Finishing, and Ceramic Tile Bases
DWFC/CTIOA/WCWCI
2005 Bryan Stanley – Technical Advisor – Specializes in
Acrylic and EIFS – Runs the San Diego membership
meetings – CSI/AIA/WCWCI
20. TSIB – What we do
Trade Promotion
Trade Education – AIA Accredited Continuing
Education
Research and Development of Industry
Standards
Third Party Field Inspections and Reports
Code Development
Technical Committees and Councils
Architectural Consulting - Details and
Specifications
Preconstruction and Mock-up meetings
Contractor – Architect – Inspector Liaison
23. Research and Development of
Industry Standards
Application of lath
Lath trims and screeds
Suspended ceilings
Plaster mixes
Weather-Resistive Barriers
Plaster Over Masonry – Direct Applied
Metal Stud Framing
Gypsum Sheathing
Fire Rated Assemblies
Drywall Finishing
25. Code Development
California Building Standards Commission
International Code Council
ASTM
ANSI
26. Technical Committees and
Councils
ASTM C -11
American Concrete Institute –
Steel Stud Manufacturers Association
AWCI Technical Committees
Portland Cement Association
Drywall Finishing Council
Western Conference of Wall & Ceiling Institutes
Ceramic Tile Institute of America
27. Plans and Specifications Reviewing
Cedars Sinai – North Care Tower
White Memorial
Arcadia Methodist Tower
Hoag – Newport Beach, CA
Twin Cities – Templeton, CA
Santa Barbara Hospital
Kaiser Sand Canyon
Kaiser Panorama City
Orange County Performing Arts Center
Pierce College
40. Apply lath and 3 coat when matching
fram ed and lathed w alls
If Direct Applied, apply bonder evenly
Document Point / Patch by others
41. Cast-in-Place Concrete
Bond Breakers
“A1.6.2 Form release compounds shall be
compatible with plaster or be completely removed
from surfaces to receive plaster.” - ASTM C 926
Sodium Silicate bond breaker will
dissipate and can be direct applied with
plaster.
Petroleum based, oil / paraffin etc.
cannot be direct applied over.
62. A primer on Nomenclature
Steel framing industry moving away from
using the term “gauge” to refer to
thickness of material.
•Thickness expressed in
“mils”:
•One mil = 1/1000 inch.
•Basic information is on
inside front cover of
SSMA catalog.
63.
64. Standardization
600 S 162 - 54
6” member Stud or Joist 1-5/8” Min. base metal
depth with Lips Flange thickness in mils
(1.625”) (0.054” = 54 mils)
• Steel Members are
Standardized Using a
Universal Designation
System
65. Member Depth:
Measured on studs: outside flanges.
Measured on tracks: inside flanges.
66. AT LEAST ONE CREATIVE MIND
EVEN LOOKED BEYOND
CONVENTIONIAL MATERIALS
FOR THEIR PLASTER
SUBSTRATE…
68. 8 or 9 Gage Hanger Wire – 3 ½’ O. C.
1 ½” CRC Main Runners – 3 ½’ O.C.
¾” CRC Cross Furring – 13 ½” O.C.
3.4 lb/sy Exp. Metal Lath – tie wire
Control Joints – 100 SF – Provide Backing
Good plaster starts w ith
good lathing
75. WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS
•ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES
•PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR BUILDING PAPER
•REQUIRED FOR RATED CONSTRUCTION
76. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS
77. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
A: ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES
78. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
A: MAKES DEEP COLORS MORE CONSISTENT
80. EXTERIOR SHEATHING
WHY USE SHEATHING?
•PUTS GYPSUM IN THE PLASER
SYSTEM FOR RATED SYSTEMS
81. WEATHER-RESISTING BARRIER
The IBC & CBC use the term “W eather-Resisting Barrier“
in the definition of “Ex terior W all Covering “ (§1402)
A Weather-Resisting Barrier is comprised of one or more
Water-Resistive Barriers W RB
The WRB’s work together to create a weather-resistant
exterior wall envelope (§ 1403.2)
88. GRADE “B”
WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE -
RATED AT 16 HOURS
U.V. SENSATIVE - TENDS TO SHRINK
AND WRINKLE
NOT VAP OR P ERM EABLE
AND CANNOT BE USED W I TH
W OOD-BASED SHEATHI NG
91. GRADE “D”
10 TO 60 MINUTE RATED
FOR USE OVER WOOD-BASED
SHEATHING IN TWO LAYERS
ALLOWS VAPOR PERMABILITY
RESISTS U.V. DEGRADATION
BETTER THAN GRADE “B”
94. CLASSIFIED GRADE “D”
SUPERIOR PRODUCT IN AREA OF
HIGH WINDS - RESISTS TEARING
95. FELT
Do not use #15 or 30# felt for a
weather resistant barrier! Felt is
a roofing product that is no
longer used in wall and ceiling
assemblies.
116. UBC Reference:
2506.5 Application of Metal Plaster Bases
A minimum 0.019-inch (.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant weep screed
with a minimum vertical attachment flange of 3 1/2 inches (89 mm) shall be provided at or
below the foundation plate line on all exterior stud walls. The screed shall be placed a minimum
of 4 inches (102 mm) above the earth or 2 inches (51 mm) above paved areas and shall be of
a type that will allow trapped water to drain to the exterior of the building. The weather-resistive
barrier shall lap the attachment flange, and the exterior lath shall cover and terminate on the
attachment flange of the screed.
123. NEGATIVE characteristics of
Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Non-Structural
•Brittle
•Good Compressive Strength
•Poor Tensile Strength
•Shrinks During Hydration
•Prone to Cracking
124. POSTIIVE characteristics of
Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Water Permeable (water management system)
•Moisture saturates approximately 1/16” – 1/8”
per hour during heavy precipitation
•Water needs a pathway back out of the plaster
systems
•Walls breath instead of trapping water
128. Moist cure fresh scratch coat to achieve
48 hours of continuous cement hydration
“8.1 Sufficient time
between coats shall be
allowed to permit each
coat to cure or develop
enough rigidity to resist
cracking or other
physical damage when
the next coat is applied.”
- ASTM C926
131. Moist cure fresh brown coat to achieve 48
hours of continuous cement hydration …
132. Allow brown to dry cure for an additional 5 days
Summary,
Average basecoat application:
Apply scratch day 1
Moist cure days 2-3
Apply brown day 4
Moist cure days 5-6
Dry cure days 7-11
Total 11 days
167. Efflorescence
Refers to deposits of soluble
compounds (salts) carried by
water onto the surface of
porous masonry or hydraulic
cementitious materials.
168. Efflorescence
The process is very similar to
your body sweating. During
exercise, salts in your body are
brought to the surface by the
sweat your body produces to
cool off. The sweat
evaporates taking with it latent
heat. The residual material is
the white deposit you find on
your gym clothes.
179. Efflorescence
Three (3) Conditions must exist
simultaneously for efflorescence to
develop:
1. Soluble salts must be present
2. Water must contact the salts to
form a solution
3. The salt solution must have a path
to migrate to a surface where the
water can evaporate (precipitate out).
180. Efflorescence
The most common type of efflorescence is calcium
hydroxide, a soluble component of efflorescence.
This is the type of efflorescence we refer to as
“new bloom” and usually washes away with rain …
181. Efflorescence
However, calcium hydroxide efflorescence
reacts with air (absorbs carbon dioxide) and
becomes calcium carbonate, which is not water
soluble and does not was away with the rain.
192. Correction Factor, Effective
RE
ASHRAE Correction Factor 90.1 --- Effective R-value = R-value x
Correction Factor
The ASHRAE 90.1 correction factor considers the heat loss through the highly inefficient steel studs and
is based on the R-value of the insulation used between the studs only.
193. California has 16 zones
No relation to ASHRAE
Zones
Website in the
Brochure
194. GOAL: Energy efficiency of 30% in the
2010 compared to the 2004 standard.
net-zero energy buildings by 2030.
201. PWA 104
Cement plaster Over Foam
CODE
– ASTM C-926 item 7.1.3
– “Portland Cement Plaster shall be applied
on a metal base when the surface of solid
backing consists of gypsum board,
gypsum plaster, wood or rigid foam
board type products”
202. General Design
Recommendations
( All Stucco)
L/360 or stiffer
Vapor Permeable WRB
Plaster Mixes , ASTM C-926
16 inch OC framing - best perform ance
203. Mesh & Base “Lamina”
OPTIONS
1. No Lamina - likely to crack more
2. Skim Coat only – Cracking similar to conventional
3. Skim and Mesh – highly crack resistant
204.
205. PWA 105
This is not
EIFS …
EIFS is defined
as the (Finish
cladding “and”
the Weather
Barrier)
206. PWA 105
Inexpensive cement
basecoat - no control
joints required – drift
joints will be
required
Brown coat need not
be hard floated
encapsulate the foam
for fire rating
214. Assume using PWA 104- we need R 7.0
assume (XPS) we need - Minimum 1.5 density
@ 1.5”= R 7.5
215. With cavity
Insulation @ R -
19
& CI @ R 7.5
We Exceed the
assembly U-Factor
.062
216. Can’t afford a LAMINA ?
Another look - Our target is a U factor of .062 or better
Space framing @ 24 oc, add two inches foam (XPS) for a U-Factor of ?
217. 24 inch framing – saves money to offset the
cost of adding a lamina
A factor of .048 , possible credits elsewhere?
Highly Crack Resistant
219. The WCWCI will hold seminars
for Architects, Designers,
Inspectors, Building
Departments and Contractors
The use of the systems are recommended to be installed
by contractors who have completed the Western
Conference of Wall and Ceiling Institutes educational
seminar on “ Insulated Cement Plaster Systems”