This document provides an overview of advocacy strategies and techniques for libraries. It discusses the importance of advocacy and influencing skills for libraries. It outlines factors to consider when crafting messages and planning advocacy activities, such as identifying stakeholders, understanding audiences, and timing advocacy efforts. The document also covers techniques like using stories and proofs, managing one's personal brand, and applying principles from researchers like Cialdini to influence others.

1. Influencing
Skills for
Libraries
Stephen Abram, MLS
May 9, 2015

2. These Slides are Available
• Stephen’s Lighthouse.com
• Slideshare.net
• At the conference site
• In French and English
• Feel free to download, read, and re-use.

3. • Research
and Data on
Value of
Libraries
• Community
Engagement
Public
Awareness
• Impact
Measures
• Training
• Resources
• Peer-to-
Peer
Support
Networks
• Funding
• Federal
Legislation
• Provincial
Legislation
• Internation
al Issues
• Social
Programs
• Online Action
Networks
• Fighting for
Budget
• Censorship,
Copyrights,
DRM, OA, …
• Individual
Consulting
Laying
the
Ground-
work
Turning
Support
Into
Action
Advoca-
ting for
Specific
Goals
Respond-
ing to
Opportuni
-ties
&Threats

4. Free FOPL Advocacy and Influence
Training Series
• FOPL is excited to announce that access to our member training series is now open for members and non-members. This is a series
of webinars and teleconferences to build our sector's capacity for influence and advocating for the value of public libraries.
• #1&3: Factors influencing funding decisions by elected politicians at the state/provincial level: a case study of public libraries in
Canada: Part 1 & 2
– Instructor: Cheryl Stenström, PhD
• #2: Advocacy in Town and County libraries
– Speaker: Sam Coghlan (Retired, Stratford Public Library)
• #4: Advocacy for Urban Libraries
– Speaker: Ken Roberts (Retired, Hamilton Public Library)
• #5: The Top 6 Best Practices for Advocates in Any Setting
– Instructor: Professor Wendy Newman, MLS, University of Toronto iSchool
• #6: Community communication strategy at the Burlington Public Library
– Panel: Stephen Abram, Moderator
– Kerry Langford, Burlington Public Library Trustee
Maureen Barry, CEO, Burlington Public Library
• #7: Training in positive networking techniques and theories
– Instructor: Ken Haycock, MLS, MBA, PhD, University of Southern California
• #8: Advocacy in Small, Rural and Mid-Sized Libraries
– Moderator: Stephen Abram, FOPL
– Panel:
Mary Baxter, Georgina Libraries
Claire Dianne, Russell Public Library
Susan Downes, Innisfil Public Library
Rona O'Banion, King Township Public Library
Cindy Weir, Owen Sound Public Library

5. University of Toronto iSchool Advocacy
MOOC
• Library Advocacy Unshushed
• Become a powerful advocate for the values
and future of libraries and librarianship. Be
informed, strategic, passionate, and
unshushed!
• https://www.edx.org/course/library-
advocacy-unshushed-university-torontox-
la101x

6. What is FOPL?
• Simply put: Ontario’s Public Libraries.
• Now more than ever before, we play a critical role in the social,
educational, cultural and economic success of the communities in our
province. Public Libraries are an essential investment in the future of our
communities and are essential drivers of success in school preparedness,
reading readiness, economic and employment success, and social equity.
As the development of the knowledge economy progresses, public
libraries are a vital link for every resident and every community to ensure
success of all Ontarians, regardless of location or background.
6

7. FOPL Talking Points
The Public Library value proposition is strong
and includes (but isn’t limited to):
– Excellent Return on Investment
– Strong Economic Development
– Great Employment Support
– Welcoming New Canadians
– Provable Early Literacy Development
– Ongoing Support for Formal Education and Homework Help
– Serve the whole community equitably
– Affordable access to community resources
– Access to Government Services and e-government
– Questions Deserve Quality Answers
– Support Cultural Vitality
– Recognized and Valued Leisure Activities for majority of Ontarians
7

8. Specifics
• Homework positioning
• Seniors positioning
• Economic Positioning
• Early Years Positioning
• eGovernment
• Digital Divide and Access Divide
• Infrastructure capacity
• STEAM positioning and Maker + + +

9. What’s the ‘Problem”?
• We have a very COMPLEX (not complicated)
value proposition
• We have great competencies BUT we need to
up our game on influence, advocacy, and
focus.
9

10. 10
Public Libraries Transform
Communities
• 99.34% of Ontarians have access to public library service.
• 444 municipalities offer public library service through 1,157 service
outlets.
• Almost 5.0 million Ontario residents have active library cards and over
75% of Ontarians used their library last year
• Ontarians borrow 131+ million items a year.
• Ontario’s public libraries provide access to 11,500 public computer
workstations, and hundreds of online resources.
• Ontario’s public libraries offer 203,964 programs with annual attendance
of 3,719,083 people.
• All of this at less than 49 cents per capita!
Source: 2013 Ontario Public Library Statistics, Ontario Ministry of
Culture.

11. WHAT WEDGIES DO WE NEED TO
SUCCEED?
Libraries are multifaceted and complex . . . And not trivial

12. There is a lot to do to craft a strategy
and argument for libraries

13. What should help…
Measurements (not stats)
Public Opinion
Stories and Testimonials
Digital and Social Presence
Political Presence
Influence Training for the Team

14. What Technologies work and
have impact?
Are libraries social institutions?
Why do we ask questions? Where
does learning become research?
Why do we read? How do we
read?
What really supports community
engagement?
What really looks like learning?
What are the right questions?

15. From good questions . . .
Come great answers and strategies

16. Who do you serve?
Think Deeper, Know More.

17. So, from an infrastructure POV…
• Ontario Public Library Statistics (open data, 1997-2013,
ranked by cohort)
• Specialized research into reading readiness, school libraries,
e-books, etc.)
• Surveyed city clerks and politicians about strengths and
weaknesses of public libraries
• FOPL Index of Community Engagement
• 2015 Ontario-wide Public Opinion Poll
• Census of Digital Presence (websites, positioning, social
media, social networks)
• 10 Part Advocacy webinar series plus a MOOC
• VIP Value Impact and Positioning of Libraries
• Leading to an Open Media Desk
• For the scholars . . . OCUL

18. So now we know stuff
• For example:
• We have no real need to reinforce the book issues
• Cardholder growth is lagging population growth
• We have cardholder holes and underperform in certain
segments
• Our funders think we don’t play well with others or
work hard enough on economic and development
impact issues
• Digital libraries continue to suck
• etc.

19. Why?
Because libraries are entering the
perfect storm.

20. You decide!
You decide!
You decide!
You decide!
You decide!
You decide!
And, sadly, there is no single, right
answer.

22. THE TPL ECONOMIC
IMPACT STUDY
Insights from Qualitative and Quantitative
Impact Measurements
Kimberly Silk, MLS - Data Librarian, Martin Prosperity Institute,
Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto
Co-Author, “So Much More: The Economic Impact of Toronto Public Library on the City of Toronto”

23. Katherine Palmer
Dr. Kevin Stolarick
Kimberly Silk, MLS
So Much More:
The Economic Impact
of the Toronto Public
Library on the City
of Toronto
January 15, 2014

24. Message 1: The Economic Impact of TPL

25. Message 3: The Value of an Open Hour

26. 26
Total direct benefits reach $502 per member

27. 27
Toronto Public Library delivers $5.63 of
economic impact for every $1 spent

28. 28
Return on Investment
ROI is 463%
The return from the City of Toronto’s
investment in the Toronto Public Library is
463%, which is the midpoint of a range very
conservatively estimated to be 244% and is
comfortably shown to reach 681%.

29. Neighbourhood Branches Provide
Communities Intangible Benefits
29
“Cities that promote diversity and tolerance also
tend to become places that are open to new ideas
and different perspectives, promoting creativity.
This in turn builds cities that are attractive to
individuals and businesses involved in the creation
of new ideas, products and services.”
The Importance of Diversity to the Economic and
Social Prosperity of Toronto, MPI, 2010

30. Intangible
benefits deliver
value
Opportunities for residents to
improve their literacy skills,
enhance their educational and
employment opportunities,
and improve quality of life for
themselves and their families
through library collections,
services and programs deliver
a lifetime of value to residents
and increase the economic
competitiveness and prosperity
of Toronto.

32. Why These Findings Matter
• At the City Council meeting, January 15-17, 2013, Council passed a motion to request that the
Chief Librarian prepare a cost-benefit analysis of the Open Hours Policy and the economic
impact of Library services and provide a report to the City Manager for review and report prior
to the 2014 budget process.
• The 3 key findings addressed the information request from Toronto City Council.
• These findings provided the information councillors needed to make an informed vote re: TPL
proposed budget.
• Result: TPL’s 2014 budget request for a 1.4% increase over the 2013 budget approved, including
funding for for the first year operating costs of two new branches, Fort York and Scarborough
Civic Centre. It also includes funding for increased open hours at seven district libraries and the
Toronto Reference Library, standardizing hours for all research and reference libraries and
district branches to 69 hours per week, including Sundays. (Source: TPL news release)

33. TPL isn’t like us!
http://www.mpl.on.ca/documents/2014_10EconomicImpact.pdf
http://www.stratfordbeaconherald.com/2015/01/27/economic-impact-of-
stratford-public-library-estimated-at-nearly-15-million

34. What We Learned
• Collecting lots of data doesn’t mean you’re collecting the useful
data.
• Data collection must be directly linked to the message / proof
you need to deliver to stakeholders.
• A data snapshot isn’t enough – data collection strategy & analysis
must be an ongoing process, to provide ongoing evidence of
economic value.
• You can replicate the expensive MPI study quickly and simply at
lower cost.

35. For Scholars
• How we communicate consortial buys
• E.g. $300 Mil + $180 mil
• Or
• 2 cents an article and a thousand times more resources
• Or
• $56 per student or half the cost of just one textbook for one
course
• Value and impact studies in all types of libraries are
underdeveloped.

36. Last Week . . .
• Libraries 2025
• (based on the success of Libraries 2020 that
generated $15 + 3 Million)
• Invested in:
– Province wide database licensing
– Province wide e-book collections
– LearnHQ – sector wide e-learning, mentoring and
performance management
– Marketing campaign in works

37. IDEAS are the Currency of Influence

40. START WITH THE “WHY?”
Influence out of context is just a party conversation.

41. The Essential Definitions

42. Advocacy is Different
• Public Relations is getting your library’s
message across – This is who we are and what
we do, where and for whom.
• Marketing is understanding your customer
and how to best deliver services and products
• Advocacy is marketing an ISSUE. Support and
awareness are built incrementally. Advocacy is
an agenda and not an event!

43. Propaganda bad, Spin good.

44. Ask Yourself . . .
How do libraries differ as an issue?
Are libraries different than other community
or tax funded services?
Are librarians different than libraries?
View from the listener’s point of view and
experience?

45. Selling Ideas
You are engaging in an INFLUENCE
agenda.
Selling is not a dirty word!
Politics is not a dirty word!

46. Selling Yourself
You are engaging in a long term relationship!
Invest your personality
Position Yourself and not merely your
library’s resources and spaces. . .

47. YOUR COMMUNITY IMPACT AND VALUE
YOUR RESOURCES BUT AS THE FOUNDATION FOR
OUTPUTS NOT INPUTS
YOUR COMPETENCIES – NOT JUST YOUR SKILLS
YOUR INSIGHTS AND ADVICE
YOUR NETWORK AND CONNECTIONS
YOU!
What are you selling?

48. Managing Your Brand Equity
• Your social presence in person
– Dress
– Voice
– Office
– Handshake
– Active listening
– Conversation pieces
– The Introvert Advantage

49. Managing Your Brand Equity
• Your digital social presence
– LinkedIn
– Facebook
– Twitter
– Website
– e-mail signature
– Digital photo(s)
– Google search
– Publications
– SEO SMO GEO

50. To whom must you advocate?
• Your board of directors…
• Your community - Users, non-
users, clients, customers…
• Politicians and councils
• Users, clients, customers…
• Vendors…
• Who else?

51. Your Network

52. Essentials for Advocacy
• Someone who cares
• Courage
• Trustworthiness
• Passion
• Belief
• Proofs
• Stories and Knowledge
• Respect for whom you need to influence
• Understanding beyond caricature (e.g. Politicians, the
“Boss”, Teens, Seniors, The “Public”, Vendors...)

53. Definitions
"Advocacy is planned, deliberate, sustained
effort to develop understanding and support
incrementally over time."
- Dr. Ken Haycock

54. Before you
need it!!
When is Advocacy Needed?

55. AIDA: Attention, Interest, Desire, Action
‘

56. Issues and Timing

57. Why is Advocacy Needed?
• Is our environment changing? Then you need to advocate and re-
position.
• Are consumer or community expectations changing?
• Survive or Thrive? Choose words carefully since they frame
understanding . . .
• To avoid downsizing of locations, budgets, staff, collections that
hurt end-user success, opportunities and goals
• To address shallow thinking about the web, access, electronic
resources like e-books, or the role of community libraries
• To speak up for the silent majority of library users
• To position libraries in the minds of funders and decision-makers
• To prepare for future success and to build a well of support and
goodwill
• To inoculate against political trends and competition for resources
and capital within communities (police, fire, parks, etc.)

58. Advocacy
Activities
Must
Be
PLANNED!

59. Crafting messages
Am I an introvert or extrovert or somewhere in between?
Who is the general audience? Who is interested?
What interests them?
What should I do to pique their interest?
Will they agree with what I have to say?
And will they commit or just nod?
If not (which will likely be the case!) what counter-arguments
should I be prepared to answer?

60. Key Tactical Tips
• Mirror body image and stance
• Introduce others
• Lead the conversation
• Engage and Disengage
• Share your ideas
• People don’t care how much you know until
they know how much you care.
• Follow through

61. Logic and values
Bias: Impact, Quality, Speed, Time-savings, Authority,
Comprehensiveness, strategic alignment with
community needs,... the Truth?!
Why do you think there’s a problem at all?
Is it conceptual or pragmatic? What are the costs? Is their
perception of the ‘issue’ the same as your’s? Competition?
What kind of solution do you propose?
Does it ask me to do something or to understand something?
Does it match the problem exactly?
Is it a relatively better way, compatible with my methods,
less complex, trialable, and observable?

62. Plan within a plan
• Identify your goal and message
• Establish relationships with key decision makers
• Work with key stakeholders, find new friends
• Link with groups that may influence decisions
• Stay up-to-date with research
• Keep plans ongoing

63. Lobbying
Grassroots
Partnering

64. Robert Cialdini's Six Tactics
• Authority
• Consistency and
commitment
• Liking
• Reciprocity
• Scarcity
• Social proof

65. Homework
1. Identify two to three stakeholders in your
local setting.
2. Learn two things about those stakeholders
that can help you make meaningful contact
with each.
Questions?

66. Seeking and Getting Attention
Hints

67. The Value of Conversations
source: http://www.distilled.co.uk/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2009/05/conversation.jpg

68. Beyond Elevator Speeches

69. The Elevator Speech

70. Timmies’ Coffee
http://lh4.googleusercontent.com/_ioCJ2kqZyyU/TWY39FR9okI/AAAAAAAAFT4/HkdkuHriXFY/s1400/020611-Tim-Hortons-001a.jpg

71. The Quick Break: Hot Dogs or Deli

72. Lunch

73. Social – Out(standing) in the Field

74. Can You Stand Out in a Crowd?

75. Metrics
• Traditional versus New Statistics / Altmetrics
• Statistics versus Measurements
• Visualizations
• Impact Studies using sampling
• Geo-IP data
• Massive increases in virtual usage
• Social Media
• Satisfaction surveys

78. Learn to tell a
story for
influence and
not just
Information
and
entertainment

79. VIP
• Value
• Impact / Influence
• Positioning
79

80. Elections … We can . . .
1. Inform our communities about the vital role
of libraries in the overall community priorities
context.
2. Talk to and engage community groups that
value the public library.
3. Engage and Educate politically active citizens
in their roles as trustees, incumbents,
candidates, and political activists.
80

81. Short list of Election Ideas
• All-candidate meetings in libraries
• Voter registration tables in library branches
• Poll stations in library branches on Election Day
• Social media information strategies about the economic, social, learning and cultural impact
of libraries
• Educational activities about the proven impact of public libraries
• Offer columns and articles to print media on major issues - print media shines during an
election. Be strategic.
• Offer programs on understanding the local election process for teens, young adults, new
Canadians, etc. Invite seasoned politicians and candidates to present.
• Up your TOUR game for community, candidates, counsellors and add photo-ops.
• Do a census of your employees. Do you know whom they know?
• Create events to get your message out there. Have volunteer thank you events
• Make everything viral. Use tools like social media, infographics, annual reports, and online
videos to position the library's goodness and impact well and memorably.
• Strategically determine the timing of your educational activities value of your library
• Review your distribution lists to assess what you can use them for promotion
81

82. Qualities of Effectiveness
82
• LISTEN first
• Be visible
• Be likable
• Be FOR something . . . not just against a policy or
position.
• Be memorable
• Thank supporters for the past support - well and
often
• Follow up with a thank you note
• And don't complain, whine, attack, or be
memorably negative.

83. The Players
83
• Library board members (trustees)
• The CEO
• Library management team
• Library staff
• The union leadership
• Community partners
• Other municipal departments (that may be partners or
competitors for public or funding attention)
• Cardholders
• The community (groups, associations, individuals, donors)
• Your associations (FOPL, OLA, OLBA, OPLA, AMPLO, ARUPLO,
CELUPL, CULC) and suppliers (SOLS, OLS-N, vendors) who
have a shared interest in your success.

84. Tips
• Be short and to the point
• Avoid library jargon
• Be visual (pictures and charts)
• Avoid raw statistics and instead show
measurements and impact
• Make your point about impact memorable.
• Train everyone connected to your talking points
so that they can follow up and not just parrot.
84

85. The Impact Factor Checklist
• Brief
• Succinct
• Complete
• Intelligible
• Shock Value/Surprise
• Upbeat
• Illustrative
• Appropriate
• Personable
• Memorable
• Inspirational
• Actionable 85

86. Test Your Story(ies) using these ?’s
• Is it short and sweet? Can listeners quickly get the message and repeat it to others
later
• Is there just enough detail to get the point across or does it wander?
• Does if answer the basic questions: Who? What? When? Where? How?
• Will your audience appreciate the situation you are describing? Does this tale
resonate?
• Is the situation unusual in any way? Can the ending be predicted? Where’s the
“punch line”? Are they likely to retell it?
• Does the story have a happy ending? Finish on a high note.
• Does this story implicitly illustrate an impact the library made and the outcome
you want?
• Does this story fit with your main business?
• Will the audience identify with or care about your story’s hero?
• Will the listener be able to remember this story? Can it be easily retold?
• Does the story have the potential to cause listeners to think about what it means
to them?
• Does the story have the potential to spring the listener to a new level of
understanding and action? 86

87. Implementation: Talking Point Tools
• Tools
– Presentations
– Handouts
– Annual Reports
– Video (YouTube)
– Social Media (Facebook,
Twitter, Pinterest,
Instagram, Tumblr, Flickr,
etc.)
– Press releases
– Print Media
– Events
87

88. Strategies – P’s and C’s and more
• Who?
• What?
• Where?
• When?
• Why?
• How?
• (News)
• Product
• Place
• Positioning
• Promotion
• People
• Price
• Public
Relations
• (Kotler)
88
 Plan
 Ploy
 Pattern
 Priorities
 Position
 Perspective
 (Mintzberg)
 Concept
 Common Interest
 Community
 Context
 Creativity
 Content
 Climate
 Collaborators
 Counsellors
 Competitors
 Citizens
Proper Planning Prevents Poor Performance

89. Testimonials and Word-of-Mouth

90. Find Target, Aim, Shoot, Check-in

91. Be The Sun

92. Stand Out in a Crowd

93. Ask for It!

94. Drive them
to what
they want

96. Speak
Up!

97. Money is not the key.

98. TIME IS THE KEY

99. Thank Heaven You Have the Library!

100. The Virtual Handout (English Content)
• Value of Libraries Megapost
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2013/08/29/value-of-libraries-megapost/
• The Value of Public Libraries
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/06/the-value-of-public-libraries/
• The Value of School Libraries
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/06/the-value-of-school-libraries/
• The Value of Academic and College Libraries
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/07/value-of-academic-and-
college-libraries/
• The Value of Special Libraries
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/07/value-of-special-libraries/
• Library Advocacy: Save the Library Campaigns
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/01/save-the-library-campaigns/
• Springboard Stories
http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/04/07/having-the-value-
conversation-springboard-stories/
• Cheryl Stenström's dissertation
• http://eprints.qut.edu.au/59510/

103. The signs . . . There’s always another
view…
103

104. Are we a culture of poverty?

105. Do You Feel Poor?

108. 108

109. Personal and Institutional Impact:
Strategies and Tactics
EDIT them down . . . But how?

112. 112

113. 113

114. Stephen Abram, MLS, FSLA
Federation of Ontario Public Libraries
Lighthouse Consulting
Cel: 416-669-4855
stephen.abram@gmail.com
Stephen’s Lighthouse Blog
http://stephenslighthouse.com
Thanks!