Reported speech is used to report what someone said without using their exact words. Pronouns and verbs change to reflect that the statement is no longer being quoted directly. For example, changing "He said, 'I can't fix it myself'" to "He said he couldn't fix it himself." Questions, commands, and other speech are also adjusted when reported, such as changing a question's word order and removing the question mark. Verb tenses may change depending on the reporting verb.

1. REPORTED SPEECH Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in Reported Speech.

3. Certain words change as follows: Before Ago The week before Last week The following week Next week The day before Yesterday The next day/ the following day Tomorrow That night Tonight That day Today Then Now Those These That This There Here Reported Sp. Direct Sp.

4. When the reporting verb is in the Past the verb tenses change as follow : To-infinitive (to speak) Imperative (speak) Conditional (should/would) Future (shall/will) Past Perfect (he had spoken) Past Perfect (he had spoken) Past Perfect (he had spoken) Present Perfect (he has spoken) Past Perfect (he had spoken) Past Simple (he spoke) Past Contin. (he was speaking) Present Contin. (he is speaking) Past Simple (he spoke) Present Simple (he speaks) Reported Speech Direct Speech

5. He told me to go/ not to go. “ Go/Don’t go!” Hadn’t spoken Hadn’t spoken Hadn’t spoken Didn’t speak Had spoken Spoke Had had Had Had been Were Had been Was Didn’t Don’t Didn’t Doesn’t There were There are There was There is Had Have Had Has Was Is Was Am Reported Speech Direct Speech

6. Modal verbs Needn’t/ didn’t have to Needn’t Must/ Had to Must Daren’t Daren’t Ought to Ought to Should Should Would Would Could Could Might Might Might May Could Can Reported Speech Direct Speech