1) The document discusses Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and how combining human and artificial intelligences could lead to "hyper-intelligences." 2) It examines challenges around developing general artificial intelligence and ensuring AI is developed and applied safely, ethically and for the benefit of humanity. 3) The document outlines a partnership between Cognizant and Microsoft to jointly develop and apply cognitive services and artificial intelligence.

1. © 2018 Cognizant
© 2018 Cognizant
13 June 2018
Making AI Real – for Humans
Steve Lennon
Digital Partner

2. © 2018 Cognizant
AI is getting real – whether we are ready or not
_AI: history and current state of play
_Theory of Multiple Intelligences
_A look at how we might combine human and
machine intelligences
_How might this all turn out?
_Guard rails we need to respect
_Recap on the MSFT/CTSH partnership
_Getting started

3. © 2018 Cognizant3
The future of Humans and AI – for better or worse?

4. © 2018 Cognizant4
The birth of AI - Dartmouth Conference 1956
(New Hampshire, USA)
The proposal for the
conference included this
assertion:
"every aspect of learning
or any other feature of
intelligence can be so
precisely described that
a machine can be made
to simulate it“.
John McCarthy persuaded
the attendees to accept
"Artificial Intelligence" as
the name of this new field.

5. © 2018 Cognizant5
Convolutional Neural Networks – A primer…

6. © 2018 Cognizant6
On second thoughts, let’s not focus on the tech…

7. © 2018 Cognizant
AI has now made inroads in every domain of intelligence
Interpersonal Spatial
Kinesthetic Existential Logical
Intrapersonal
LinguisticMusical Naturalist
Sentiment
Analysis
IBM Watson
Digital music
(“Daddy’s
Music”)
Fitbit; Boston
Dynamics “Big
Dog”
Google Earth
Alpha Go
AI-enabled
weeding
John Deere
“Way of the
Future”
Netflix
Amazon
Headspace
Cortana
Alexa
Chatbots
Flash Trading
Equbot (ETF)

8. © 2018 Cognizant8
Maybe even God isn’t safe…

9. © 2018 Cognizant
Parietal Lobe
Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Brain Stem
We know that our brain has discrete functional
components
Occipital Lobe

10. © 2018 Cognizant10
Howard Gardner, Harvard Graduate School of Education
The John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education
Gardner (born July 11, 1943) is an American
developmental psychologist. He is the senior
director of Harvard Project Zero co-director of
The Good Project.
He is best known for his theory of multiple
intelligences, as outlined in his 1983 book
Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple
Intelligences.
Gardner has examined a variety of sources in
order to formulate his theory of multiple
intelligences: intelligence tests, cognition
experiments, neuropsychological research, child
prodigies and savant syndrome.

11. © 2018 Cognizant
Multiple intelligences; unique strengths
Interpersonal Spatial
Kinesthetic Existential Logical
Intrapersonal
LinguisticMusical Naturalist
Henry Kissinger
Oprah
Bon Scott
Nina Simone
Todd Sampson
Cathy Freeman
Jessica Watson
Frank Worsley
Richard
Attenborough
Dianne Fossey
Jean-Paul Sartre
Simone de
Beauvoir
Anthony Robbins
Brene Brown
Michael Halliday
Kerry Lennon
Michelle Simmons
Albert Einstein

12. © 2018 Cognizant12
The Brave New World is Here (87 years on)
“But all bets are off because this is the first time in history that we’re
going to be able to affect the brain directly, to affect genetics directly,
and of course, create artificial intelligences, which we either interact
with, internalize, or merge with our brains.
At present there are many things we can’t imagine because we’re
limited by our evolved brains. But with technology, we — or the
technology! — might create all sorts of new intelligences.
Until 15 years ago, that would have been science fiction, but it’s not
science fiction anymore.”
Howard Gardner
Harvard Graduate School of Education
Interview with the Harvard Gazette, May 2018

13. © 2018 Cognizant
The ultimate version of mix and match
Hyper-Intelligence
Powerful combinations of Human
and General AI
Possibility of networked
intelligence
Intelligent Augmentation
Humans leverage AI
selectively to accomplish
more/offset weaknesses
Human Differentiation
Human strengths augment
AI capabilities where we do
things best
Category Killers
Leverage key human strengths
Use Narrow AI to selectively
replace human capabilities
Narrow
General
Narrow GeneralHuman Intelligence
ArtificialIntelligence

14. © 2018 Cognizant14
So what?
1. Gardner’s work helps us understand why it will take a while to get to General
AI – think of the huge engineering challenge to seamlessly connect all these
intelligences and enable them to work in harmony - for good or ill.
2. However, the fact we have prototyped each one of these intelligences, in a
short space of time, can give us confidence (& caution) we may see something
close to General AI in our lifetime.
3. Imagine the power of harnessing these multiple intelligences in myriad ways,
across Digital and Human ‘brains’. This will challenge us to focus on:
• What we are best at individually
• The possibility of AI augmentation for our selves and our workforce
• Our strongest human intelligences as a society – where do we place our bets on us?

15. © 2018 Cognizant
Imagine the Hyper-Intelligences we might create…
Interpersonal Spatial
Kinesthetic Existential Logical
Intrapersonal
LinguisticMusical Naturalist
Henry Kissinger
Oprah
Bon Scott
Nina Simone
Richard
Attenborough
Dianne Fossey
Jean-Paul Sartre
Simone de
Beauvoir
Anthony Robbins
Brene Brown
Fitbit; Boston
Dynamics “Big
Dog”
Google Earth
Alpha Go
NLP
Alexa
Chatbots
Flash Trading
Equbot (ETF)

16. © 2018 Cognizant16
Artificial Intelligence
Consciousness
“US author makes
provocative claim
AI will replace
God.”
Dan Brown
Author
October 2017
Ethics
“We’re like children
playing with a
bomb.”
Nick Bostrom,
Future of Humanity
Institute, Oxford
June 2016
Servitude
"I visualize a time
when we will be to
robots what dogs
are to humans, and
I'm rooting for the
machines.”
Claude Shannon (1916-
2001)
American mathematician
known as "the father of
information theory"
Risk
“There should be
some regulatory
oversight, just to
make sure we don’t
do something very
foolish. With AI
we’re summoning
the demon.”
Elon Musk,
CEO Tesla
October 2014

17. © 2018 Cognizant17
Artificial Intelligence
Superiority
“AI will reach
human levels by
around 2029. By
2045, we will have
multiplied the
human biological
intelligence of our
civilization a billion-
fold.”
Ray Kurzweil,
Director of Engineering,
Google
2017
Education
“By far the greatest
danger of Artificial
Intelligence is that
people conclude
too early that
they understand it.”
Eliezer Yudkowsky
Machine Intelligence
Research Institute
2008
Meaninglessness
“In the long term, AI
& automation are
going to be taking
over so much of
what gives humans
a feeling of
purpose.”
Matt Bellamy
English Musician
Opportunity
“AI is the future, not
only for Russia, but
for all of
humankind.
Whoever becomes
the leader in this
sphere will become
the ruler of the
world.”
Vladimir Putin

18. © 2018 Cognizant
AI is a complex beast to harness
Ethics
(what is good for
individuals and
society)
Empathy
(impact upon people
and communities)
Economics
(value to customers and
the business)
How might this turn out?
• For me?
• For you?
• For your kids?
• For our parents?
• For humanity?
It depends.
Failure to think things through
has grave risks, that will be
magnified with each increment in
the power of the intelligences we
are playing with.

19. © 2018 Cognizant19
Key players recognise the Why and How of AI are critical
1. Purpose
Rometty said it's important for people to develop
trust in an AI system. For IBM, the purpose of AI
will be to aid humans, not replace them. "We say
cognitive, not AI, because we are augmenting
intelligence," Rometty said.
2. Transparency
You must be clear as you build AI platforms how
they are trained, and what data was used in
training. "The human needs to remain in control
of the system," Rometty said. “These systems
will not have self-awareness or consciousness.”
3. Skills
AI platforms must be built with people in the
industry, be they doctors, teachers, or
underwriters. And companies must prepare to
train human workers on how to use these tools to
their advantage.
1. Be socially beneficial.
2. Avoid creating or reinforcing
unfair bias.
3. Be built and tested for safety.
4. Be accountable to people.
5. Incorporate privacy design
principles.
6. Uphold high standards of
scientific excellence.
7. Be made available for uses that
accord with these principles.
We will assess AI applications
in view of the following
objectives. We believe that AI
should:

20. © 2018 Cognizant20
The flip side
“Forget artificial intelligence - in the brave new
world of big data, it's artificial idiocy we should be
looking out for.”
Tom Chatfield, British author and commentator, The Guardian
January 2014

21. © 2018 Cognizant21
The flip side
?

22. © 2018 Cognizant22
The flip side

23. Cognizant/Microsoft | 360° Partnership Overview
23
Groundbreaking
5-year initiative
CEO driven focus
on digital
transformation
Built on a deep
15-year
relationship
Global Go-To-
Partner for
Cognitive Services
Leveraging Synergies
 Industry Capability
 Technology/Architecture
 Knowledge and IP
Innovative
Breakthroughs
Deeper Customer
Relevance
Impart
Reliability
Build
Preferences
Higher Azure
Consumption
“Our industry does not respect tradition,
only innovation ”
Satya Nadella
Microsoft CEO
Winning Together
Sell, Build, and Enable
Together
“The only sustainable advantage you can
have over others is agility ”
Francisco D’Souza
Cognizant CEO

24. We’re Embarking on a Collaborative, Cognitive Journey
24
Cognitive Services Stack
Sense
Foundation
Layer
Infer
Engage
Interpret
CognitiveLayer
Visuali
zation
1
6
5
2
3
Natural Language Processing
Entity Extraction | Fact Extraction | Image &
Sound Recognition
Hybrid Compute Layer
AWS, Azure
Distributed Server | Distributed Storage | Cloud
Big Data and analytics
Fast data processing | Data lakes | ML
Machine learning
Unsupervised Learning | Search & optimization
Intelligent Process Automation
Entity Resolution | Categorization| Similarity
Algorithm
Analytical Story Telling
Visualization Layer | CEP | Decision engine |
Business rules
4
 Phonetic identification
 Speaker identification
 Speech-to-text
transcription
 Language detection
 Emotion detection
 Topic and entity
identification with NLP
 Sentiment
identification
 Text Analytics
 Language translation
 Image Recognition
 Facial Recognition
 Action detection
 Interactive
Automation
 Autonomous
Automation
 Industry Point
Solutions
Personalized
Interaction
Intelligent Process
Automation
Cognizant’s Cognitive PlatformMicrosoft Services Stack
 Chat Bot Builder, an automated
framework to enable faster and efficient
Chatbot building with LUIS API
 Implementation of Virtual
Assistants – Chatbots
 Azure
 Data Lake, HDInsight,
 Stream Analytics
 Power BI
 Computer Vision
 Text Analytics
 Statistical Functions
 Regression
 Recommendation
 Clustering
 Classification
 Anomaly Detection
 Premium HDI with R server on Spark
 SQL Server 2016 R Services (in-database

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The future of Humans and AI – let’s make it better!

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27. © 2018 Cognizant27
Getting started

28. © 2018 Cognizant
Steve Lennon
Stephen.Lennon@Cognizant.com