The Beyond Boundaries Initiative: Promoting Development and Capacity Building in Kenya with International Security Assistance

1. The Beyond Boundaries Initiative:
Promoting Development and Capacity
Building in Kenya with International
Security Assistance
December, 2010
Nairobi, Kenya

2. Donor Government Priorities
• Terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001 alters many governments’
security priorities
• Dual focus for international security
assistance focuses on:
– Nonproliferation of nuclear, biological and
chemical weapons: $20 billion G8 Global
Partnership established to provide
international assistance
– Counterterrorism: Even larger sums of
money dedicated to counterterrorism
capacity building assistance worldwide

3. UN Security Council Resolution 1373
• Passed unanimously on September 28, 2001
• Response to September 11 terrorist attacks
• Legally binding call to
– Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support or
commit acts of terrorism.
– Develop measures to criminalize terrorist financing,
implement effective border controls to prevent the
movement of terrorists, and ensure that any person who
participates in or supports an act of terrorism is brought
to justice.
• Notes concern with the close connection between
terrorism, transnational organized crime, illicit drugs,
money-laundering, illegal arms trafficking, and illegal
transport of nuclear, biological and chemical
materials, and in turn, emphasizes the need for
enhanced coordination at the national, subregional,
regional, and international levels.

4. UN Security Council Resolution 1540
• Passed unanimously in April 2004;
• Response to AQ Khan nuclear “black
market;”
• Legally binding call to:
– Enact legal prohibitions preventing non-state actors
from manufacturing, acquiring WMD;
– Develop measures to prevent WMD trafficking,
enhance physical protection measures, effective
border controls, law enforcement efforts etc.
• Includes provision encouraging states with
the capacity to provide international
assistance to do so; and, in turn,
encourages states in need to request any
assistance that will enable them to meet
the requirements of 1540

5. African Development/Security Priorities
• Several outbreaks of plague and rift valley disease have
killed hundreds in recent years across East Africa,
significantly impacting regional economies;
• Small arms flow unimpeded across Somali borders
prompting small arms violence in neighboring countries;
• Al-Shabaab has launched repeated cross border attacks
into Kenya;
• East Africa has become a new source and transit point
for illicit drugs with related violence and addiction rates
rising;
• Somali refugees continue to flee across international
borders in astonishing numbers due to civil violence;
• In 2009, Ethiopia ranked 7th among the 22 high-burden
tuberculosis countries with rates growing on an annual
basis.

6. Dual-Use Security Assistance
• Legal development Development
Security • Rule of law Challenges
Imperatives • Institutional capacity building
• Provision of equipment
• Develop legislative • Training
framework • Tertiary education
• Border controls • Personnel development
• Export/transshipment • Border controls
controls • Customs enforcement/revenue collection
• Financial controls • Global competitiveness/development
• Logistics
• Physical security of
• Infrastructure development
materials/equipment
• Disease surveillance and response
• Law enforcement
• Reform public finance
• Legal training • Prevent natural resource trafficking
• CBRN expertise • Improve reliability of transport system
training/equipment • Provide mobile health centers for rural
/notification areas
• Training, logistics for public health
providers

7. Dual Use Security Assistance
• Assistance provided to enhance border and export controls to inhibit
terrorism and proliferation can also aid the prevention of small arms or drug
trafficking and promote efficiencies at transit hubs that in turn facilitate trade
expansion, business development and national competitiveness within the
global supply chain;
• Detecting and responding to biological weapons requires a functional disease
surveillance network and a public health infrastructure, and assistance
requisite for implementation of the Biological Weapons Convention similarly
supports national public health capacity and adherence to international
health regulations (IHR);
• Preventing human trafficking relies upon many of the same resources and
capacities necessary to detect and prevent movement of terrorists or nuclear
components and materials to states and terrorist organizations; and
• Governments’ pursuit of energy diversification through nuclear power can be
aided with technical and capacity building assistance from nonproliferation
accounts.
Global solutions to global problems using UNSCR 1373/1540 as mechanisms

8. Dual Use Benefits in Meeting Kenyan Priorities
Nonproliferation &
Counterterrorism
Counterterrorism
WMD Nonproliferation (UNSCR 1373/1540)
Security Sector Reform
Border Security
Rule of Law
Tertiary Education
Disease Surveillance
Organized Crime Countertrafficking
Trafficking of Small Arms, Economic Development
Drug Trafficking Energy Diversification
Money Laundering Tertiary Education
Security Contraband Smuggling Disease Surveillance
Development
Rule of Law

9. Goals
1. To better understand the
domestic priorities of the Kenyan
government and its people;
2. To characterize the national
capacities, and where necessary,
the international assistance
required to meet these
objectives;
3. To identify non-traditional
streams of international
assistance that provides such
assistance.