1. Evolving Issues with Japan-U.S. Arms Exports and its Implications for
Japan’s Future Defense Capabilities:
Towards Synergistic Defense Capabilities for the Alliance
Koji Imaki
Visiting Fellow, Stimson Center
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2. Outline
A Survey of Japan’s Defense Capability
Current System Inventory of Japan Self Defense Force
Controversial Development of Key Defense Systems
Defense Capabilities of U.S. Allies and Partners
United Kingdom
Taiwan
Republic of Korea
External and Internal Environment of Japanese & U.S. Defense Initiatives
Anti-Access/Area Denial Environment
Japan’s Decision on Relaxing Arms Export Principles
U.S. Defense Strategic Guidance and its implication
for the Defense Industrial Base
Japan’s Future Defense Capability
Strategic Vision in Shaping Defense Capability
Strategic Goals in Defense Capability
Guideline for Shaping Defense Capability 2

3. Japan’s Defense Inventories
Offshore Development Joint Development Indigenous Development
U.S. Others
Air Self F-15 F-2 JADGE *
Defense F-4 C-1
Force E-767
KC-767
Offshore Development Joint Development Indigenous Development
U.S. Others
Maritime
P-3 MCH-101 SM-3* P-1 (ASW**)
Self Aegis System Soryu-class Submarine
Defense Hatakaze-class Destroyer
Force US-2 (Amphibious
Aircraft)
Offshore Development Joint Development Indigenous Development
Ground U.S. Others
Self AH-64 Type-10 & -90 Tank
Defense OH-1 Helicopter
Force Type-03 SAM*
SSM-1*
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<Source> IISS, The Military Balance, 2010, & Jane’s, All the World’s Aircraft, 2009-2010

4. U.S. Developed Fighter Aircraft in Allies’ Inventory
Percentage of U.S. Fighter
★
FS-X
Year
4
<Source> Defense of Japan White Paper, 1975-2011, Japan Ministry of Defense.
Hura, et. al., 2000, Interoperability: A Continuing Challenge in Coalition Air Operations, RAN

5. Japan’s Defense-Related System Development Overview
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<Source> IISS, The Military Balance, 2010, & Jane’s, All the World’s Aircraft, 2009-2010, The World Defence Almanac 2009.

6. U.S. Allies’/Partner’s Defense Inventories (Summary)
Offshore Development Joint Development Indigenous Development
U.S. Others
Air E-3 Typhoon Harrier
Force Tornado
UK (F-35)
Navy Trident SLBM Invincible-class Carrier
Sheffield-class Destroyer
Vanguard-class Submarine
Army WAH-64 Helicopter Challenger-2 Tank
Offshore Development Joint Indigenous
Development Development
U.S. Others
Air F-16A/B Mirage2000 IDF*
Taiwan Force E-2
Navy Kidd-class La Fayette-class Frigate
Destroyer Zwaardvis-class Submarine
Army M-60 Tank
Patriot SAM
Offshore Development Joint Indigenous Development
Developmen
U.S. Others
Air F-15K Missile A/T-50
Force F-16C/D System
ROK E-737 (Russia)
Navy Aegis Destroyer 209-class Submarine Sejong the Great -class Destroyer
P-3 213-class Submarine Yi Sun Shin-class Destroyer
Army AH-1 Helicopter T-80U (Russia) K-2 Tank 6
Patriot SAM

7. Geopolitical Landscape of Anti-Access Environment in Asia
a
Se
a
hin
tC
Okinawa Guam
s
Ea
South China Sea
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<Source> Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress on the Military Power of the People’s Republic
of China, 2009, p. 18, accessed at http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Power_Report_2009.pdf), on February 28, 2012.

8. Geographical Environments in Southwestern Japan
1000km
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<Source> BBC News, Asia-Pacific. Retrieved on March 8, 2012 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139

9. Layered Capabilities in Defense System
LO*
Tier-3
Enhanced Sensor
Connectivity Tier-2
Range Fire Power Tier-1
Mobility Persistency Resilience (Baseline)
*LO: Low Observatory
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