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Sri Lanka: One Island, Two Nations Presentation for: Tamil Americans and Friends (TAaF)
Srilanka-Ilankai   (in Tamil)  / Lanka  (in Sinhala) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],History
History Two different nations from a very ancient period have divided between them the possession of the Island. First the Sinhalese, inhabiting the interior of the country in its Southern and Western parts, and secondly the Malabars (Tamils) who possess the Northern and Eastern Districts. These  two nations   differ entirely in their religion, language and manners . The Cleghorn Minute In 1799 June, Sir Hugh Cleghorn, the first British Colonial  Secretary wrote to the British Government… “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],History
 
THE PROBLEM Three Fundamental Elements
THE PROBLEM:   First Element ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],THE PROBLEM:   Second Element
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],THE PROBLEM:   Third Element
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],THE PROBLEM:   ‘Mistreatment’ of Tamils
TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION NON-VIOLENCE (1948 – 1976) Tamils Response to State Discrimination:
TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION Tamil Political Leaders protested against the  “Sinhala only Act”, in front of the parliament (5 June 1956) Sinhalese assaulted the picketers and the attack spread the whole island.  NON-VIOLENCE
School Girls Marching against ethnic based standardization (1972) TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION NON-VIOLENCE
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE: VIOLENCE (Since 1956) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION: NON-VIOLENCE
Systematic  Genocide  of Tamils 1956.. 1958.. 1961.. 1974.. 1977.. 1979.. 1981.. 1983.. .. 2008 Anti-Tamil Pogrom 1983 Government sponsored Sinhala Thugs tortured a Tamil Man, then poured gasoline on him and burnt him alive (July 1983)
TURNING POINT  - 1976 TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION:  NON-VIOLENCE   GOVERNMENT RESPONSE :   VIOLENCE
TURNING POINT  - 1976 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thimpu Talks Declaration –  July 13 th  1985 Mediated by Indian government  failed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1983 - 2002
TAMIL NATIONAL MILITARY (LTTE) Today, a Conventional Tamil Armed Force. (Ground Forces, Naval Force, Air Force, Police, Intelligence Service)
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 2002 Ceasefire Monitored by Scandinavian Countries (Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission - SLMM) Direct Dialogue Facilitated By the Royal Norwegian Government
CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT  Signed by the SL Government and the LTTE on  22 February 2002 ,[object Object],[object Object],“ ” LTTE Northern Com. Col. Theepan & SL  Northern Com. Maj. Gen. Fonseka  [at the northern FDL February 2002]
THE OSLO DECLARATION: Signed by the SLG and the LTTE on 25 November 2002 ,[object Object],In the presence of US Deputy Sec. of State Mr. Richard Armitage ,  Norwegian  Foreign Minister Mr. Jan Petersen,  UK  Sec. of State Ms. Claire short,  Japan  Special Envoy Mr.Yasusi Akashi “ ” LTTE’s Dr. Anton Balasingham, SLG’s Prof. G.L.eiris, at the Oslo Conference, 25 November
BROKEN AGREEMENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
November 2005 Election of President Rajapakse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rajapaksa was elected as President by the  Majority of Sinhala people .
Supported by Extremist Buddhist Monks Party (JHU), view Srilanka as a Sinhala-Buddhist nation, Burning Norway Flag  Associated Press Photo November 2005 November 2005 Election of President Rajapakse
After the Election of President Rajapakse   ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE by the SL Armed Forces and Government sponsored Paramilitary. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chief of the Ceasefire Monitoring mission Maj. Gen. Ulf Henricsson told: "I have experienced this in the Balkans before. When you're not let in, it's a sign that there's something they want to hide". [ Reuters; 12 Aug 2006]
Violence after Election of President Rajapakse Targeted Killing of Tamil Civilians Mother raped and killed. Children brutalized and Hanged. Father forced to see all these, and shot dead.   ( Venkalai, 9 June 2006)
[object Object],[object Object],A Government minister acknowledged it, and argued,  “There is nothing wrong in killing future child soldiers”. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],After Election of President Rajapakse: Current Situation
US Foreign Policy & Role  Toward Sri Lanka and Tamils
US Policy & Role  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The USA had placed LTTE on the FTO list R. Nicholas Burns,  Under Secretary for Political Affairs, (Colombo, Sri Lanka - January 23, 2006) We brand LTTE as terrorist organization for using violence as a ‘political weapon’. But the  Tamil population has legitimate grievances, and they must be respected  by the majority population, and there has to be a way for the Tamils to be able to articulate those grievances.  I must say that this long conflict is only going to come to an end when the LTTE and the government sit down and find a way forward to end this conflict.   “ ”
US ROLE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US CONGRESS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US GOVERNMENT Mr. Richard Boucher Assistant US Secretary of State [Colombo; 26 June 2006] Though we reject the methods that the Tamil Tigers have used, there are  legitimate issues  raised by the Tamil community and they have a very legitimate desire, as anybody would, to control their own lives, to rule their own destinies, and to  govern themselves in their homeland, in the areas they’ve traditionally inhabited. - “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US GOVERNMENT “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EU followed US and placed LTTE on the FTO list “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US DIPLOMAT “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US CONGRESS “ ”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US DIPLOMAT  “ ”
60 Years... The result:  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fighting for Survival is NOT Terrorism… If this is not ETHNIC CLEANSING, then what is?
A Struggle for Freedom – NOT Terrorism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A Struggle for Freedom – NOT Terrorism
The Future… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kosovo & Tamil Eelam What is good for Kosovo is good for Tamil Eelam
What the Tamil Americans expect from the Government of the United States: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank You! Voice of Tamils from the Land of Liberty

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Srilankan Tamil History

  • 1. Sri Lanka: One Island, Two Nations Presentation for: Tamil Americans and Friends (TAaF)
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. History Two different nations from a very ancient period have divided between them the possession of the Island. First the Sinhalese, inhabiting the interior of the country in its Southern and Western parts, and secondly the Malabars (Tamils) who possess the Northern and Eastern Districts. These two nations differ entirely in their religion, language and manners . The Cleghorn Minute In 1799 June, Sir Hugh Cleghorn, the first British Colonial Secretary wrote to the British Government… “ ”
  • 5.
  • 6.  
  • 7. THE PROBLEM Three Fundamental Elements
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION NON-VIOLENCE (1948 – 1976) Tamils Response to State Discrimination:
  • 13. TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION Tamil Political Leaders protested against the “Sinhala only Act”, in front of the parliament (5 June 1956) Sinhalese assaulted the picketers and the attack spread the whole island. NON-VIOLENCE
  • 14. School Girls Marching against ethnic based standardization (1972) TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION NON-VIOLENCE
  • 15.
  • 16. Systematic Genocide of Tamils 1956.. 1958.. 1961.. 1974.. 1977.. 1979.. 1981.. 1983.. .. 2008 Anti-Tamil Pogrom 1983 Government sponsored Sinhala Thugs tortured a Tamil Man, then poured gasoline on him and burnt him alive (July 1983)
  • 17. TURNING POINT - 1976 TAMIL POLITICAL ACTION: NON-VIOLENCE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE : VIOLENCE
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. TAMIL NATIONAL MILITARY (LTTE) Today, a Conventional Tamil Armed Force. (Ground Forces, Naval Force, Air Force, Police, Intelligence Service)
  • 22. MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 2002 Ceasefire Monitored by Scandinavian Countries (Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission - SLMM) Direct Dialogue Facilitated By the Royal Norwegian Government
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  • 27. Supported by Extremist Buddhist Monks Party (JHU), view Srilanka as a Sinhala-Buddhist nation, Burning Norway Flag Associated Press Photo November 2005 November 2005 Election of President Rajapakse
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  • 29. Violence after Election of President Rajapakse Targeted Killing of Tamil Civilians Mother raped and killed. Children brutalized and Hanged. Father forced to see all these, and shot dead. ( Venkalai, 9 June 2006)
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  • 32. US Foreign Policy & Role Toward Sri Lanka and Tamils
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  • 34. The USA had placed LTTE on the FTO list R. Nicholas Burns, Under Secretary for Political Affairs, (Colombo, Sri Lanka - January 23, 2006) We brand LTTE as terrorist organization for using violence as a ‘political weapon’. But the Tamil population has legitimate grievances, and they must be respected by the majority population, and there has to be a way for the Tamils to be able to articulate those grievances. I must say that this long conflict is only going to come to an end when the LTTE and the government sit down and find a way forward to end this conflict. “ ”
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  • 37. US GOVERNMENT Mr. Richard Boucher Assistant US Secretary of State [Colombo; 26 June 2006] Though we reject the methods that the Tamil Tigers have used, there are legitimate issues raised by the Tamil community and they have a very legitimate desire, as anybody would, to control their own lives, to rule their own destinies, and to govern themselves in their homeland, in the areas they’ve traditionally inhabited. - “ ”
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  • 46. Kosovo & Tamil Eelam What is good for Kosovo is good for Tamil Eelam
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  • 48. Thank You! Voice of Tamils from the Land of Liberty