course material

1. Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.
Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.Two discussion post, 400 words each, APA
format and 2 scholarly references.Please answer separately1) In general, what findings in
the physical assessment of a healthy older adult do you expect to be different than that of a
healthy 35-year-old?2)One hallmark of professionalism is self-reflection. Development of
Nursing Knowledge Essay.The ability to reflect back on your learning will allow you to
continue to synthesize new learning with current knowledge. Please review the course
objectives in the Syllabus. Reflect upon your learning in this course and describe in detail
how you have met each of the course objectives.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER
HERE THESE ARE THE COURSE OBJECTIVES FOR QUESTION 2Articulate the role of
research in the development of nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice (PLG 3;
UMBO 3, 4, 5)Describe the basic concepts, techniques, and methodologies underlying the
research process and their application in the study of nursing problems. (PLG 3; UMBO 3, 4,
5)Identify researchable clinical nursing problems with the purpose of improving patient
outcomes (PLG 3; UMBO 3, 4, 5)Use information technology to retrieve hierarchical levels of
evidence that addresses clinical questions (PLG 5; UMBO 2, 5)Utilize effective critical
thinking and written communication skills in the critique of research for applicability to
nursing practice. (PLG 1; UMBO 1, 4)Integrate research findings into nursing practice to
meet the changing needs of clients and professional nursing. (PLG 4; UMBO 1, 2, 3,
4)Describe current research priorities in nursing. (PLG 3; UMBO 3, 4, 5)Identify legal,
ethical and cultural considerations in research that involves human subjects. (PLG 2; UMBO
1, 2, 3)Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.Advanced practice within nursing (APN)
plays a big role in the future frontier for practices in the nursing field and its professional
development. This mode of practice helps people view the field of nursing and the world in
general in a different way, since it enables the public to question the current practices in
nursing, it enables the creation of new knowledge in nursing, and helps in the improvement
of delivery of services in the nursing field and other health care services. Hence, the
continuous development and evaluation of advanced practice within nursing is of great
significance to the nursing profession and the society at large.In this paper, nursing roles
and their developments are critically analyzed in order to understand the development and
the concept of danced practice within nursing in the U.K and how it might be taken to the
next level and serve the society better. Furthermore the implementation and evaluation of
the APN are also described. A precise and collective effort ought to be established to ensure
that professionals in the nursing field and the expertise is recognized and enhanced. Clinical

2. supervision has in mental and psychiatric nursing has shown some improvement due to the
development of practices within nursing. Education in practices within nursing and
leadership roles evolution, only offers a temporary solution to the issue of advanced
practices within nursing.DiscussionAdvance practice nursing involves a variety of roles
within which a nurse is expected to perform at a higher level of hi/her profession. In the U.K
one has no difficulties in identifying the roles of an APN, since there are different tittles
established for such nurses. However, there is always confusion where the same title is
given to different nurses performing different roles with varied intentions. The
competencies in roles which involve domains of APN which are related to practices in
clinics, research, education, professional development and organizational leadership are
proper indicators of the APN roles compared to job titles (Gibson & Hooker, 2004). There is
an agreement that, for APN roles to flourish there is need for graduate education collated
with practice experience in the U.K, with such a combination the nursing sector will
improve and patients will be well catered for.Development of Nursing Knowledge
Essay.There has been progress in the development of APN roles in the United Kingdom and
this has been accelerated by some environmental factors. Other factors which have
influenced the development of advance practice within nursing include local condition,
health care system within the country, culture, APN community, the nursing experts or
profession and the government.The development, demand and acceptability of APN roles in
U.K have been due to the values of the society, needs of the society for nursing and
expectations of the society. For example there has been a wide acceptance of women in the
workforce. The health care system in the U.K has influenced the development of APN roles
through the variations of the demand and supply of care providers, economic pressures
within the country thus affecting health care services and new trends in nursing practice
(Hamric et al, 2000). Furthermore, the increased competition within health care providers
and other players for better health services and care has also affected the development of
APN roles.Get Help With Your EssayIf you need assistance with writing your own essay, our
professional essay writing service is here to help!The U.K government has played a
significant role in developing and promoting APN roles in the country. The government has
done these through allocating of funds to the program and coming up with crucial policies
that enable the smooth running and implementation of the ideas and programs in health
care delivery (Della, 2004). One such policy that has enabled the development of APN roles
is where the government restricted working hours of some junior doctors and the
improvement of primary health care and other health care services such as palliative care,
which necessitated the introduction and implementation of new APN roles in different
settings and capacities.Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.Though the development
of advance practice within nursing in the U.K has been tremendous, the lack of proper
definition of goals lead to the need of continuous assessment and follows up by the
government. Some organizations come up with new APN role but they lack proper
objectivity since they are not well defined. Research has shown that, many organizations do
not consider the needs of the society in the local health care setting, so as to clearly define
some of the roles of APN and how government priorities would be achieved in such a setting
to improve health care within a certain society. Through ambiguous settings, APN roles are

3. guided by expectations of stakeholders such as health care providers, nurses, managers,
hence resulting to wide disparities on the interpretation and use of the roles of APN. This
situation has caused crisis in the health care sector for example role conflict, acceptance of
the APN roles by some stake holders and role overload. Moreover there is involvement of
inexperienced people in the introduction of new APN roles thus leading to
misinterpretation, titling, scope of practice, funding, under use of some roles and reporting
systems. These are some of the hindrances that have been encountered in the development
of APN roles in the health care system in the U.K. Houngblut (2002) stated that,“Cognizance
must be taken of the challenges for the development of advanced nursing practice and it is
important that the challenges are explored and discussed. The developments in advanced
nursing practice have taken place in response to contemporary healthcare delivery and the
changes that have taken place have altered the way health care is perceived and delivered.
These changes are welcome. However, APNs must ensure and demonstrate that outcomes
are improved and that the needs of clients are met”Another impediment that is mainly
experienced in the development of advance practice in nursing is that nurses in the U.K
have long not been valued. The valuing of expertise in nursing should be done in ways such
as formalizing the advance practice roles. A nurse specialist is one of such roles that should
be formalized. These are the people who are supposed to have expertise in the nursing field,
are responsible of developing expert practices and specialist know how. Many of the nurses
in these fields feel unsupported and lack role models. Therefore, the government and other
stake holders should show some solidarity with nurses in order to provide better care
services to patients (McGee, & Castledine, 2003).Get Help With Your EssayIf you need
assistance with writing your own essay, our professional essay writing service is here to
help!The impact of APNThere have been substantial changes in the relationship between
nurses and patients, over last few years since the inception of advanced practices in nursing
in the U.K. The nation has supported the renewed efforts to establish a well organized
nursing system in the country thus improving the services being provided by the nurses and
the entire health care system. Clinical efficiency, quality services and proper governance in
the nursing sector are some of the main strands of the government interest and drive to
come up and modernize a proper nursing system. As a result of these efforts the patient-
nurse relationship has improved tremendously (Ball & Cox, 2003). The development of new
roles of nurses and also some postgraduate courses which have been supported by the
government in the U.K has helped many nurses understand the concept of being a nurse and
being good one in that matter. Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.Nurses are now
developing the character of holding patients’ hands and attending to them properly, thus
developing the relationship between nurses and patients.The extended roles of the nurses
through advanced practices within nurses have helped in the relationship of nurses and
patients. Such extended roles include drug prescription and other areas which have been
traditionally delegated to other health professionals. These roles have increased the contact
between patients and nurses and hence developing a good relationship. Classification of
what a nurse is required to do and education provision and other frame-works are
necessary in ensuring the safety of all concerned parties. However, it is important not to
confuse these extended roles in nursing to those of expertise in nursing (Marsden et al,

4. 2003). A survey done by Allen, evaluated 78 opinions of nurses involved in psychiatry in the
U.K about their opinions on the extended roles of nurses and advanced practice and found
out that, many of the nurses believed that such extended roles should not only be in medical
tasks but should also be extended to other humanistic nursing roles. If there are such
extended roles of nurses in the country, the nursing field will be more responsible and
efficient.Current state and the future of APNThe future of advance practice within nursing is
closely attached to the future of the entire nursing field and to the needs, events and
changes within the society and its environs.Science and technology is one of the factors that
have directly affected APN in U.K. The work of nursing and the entire health care system is
squarely based on knowledge and technology has made it easier in acquiring of knowledge
in many aspects. The knowledge required to guide and instill nursing practice is sourced
from various areas including nursing research which mostly involves the use of the modern
technology. If nursing education and other practices are to stay relevant in the constantly
changing environment, they must also change with time (Bryant-Lukosius, 2004). With the
current trend, nurses need to make educated guesses; they should turn problems to
answers and learn how to be comfortable with ambiguity.Specific challenges related to
health continue to change every time. This signifies that, how nurses and other health
practitioners respond to such challenges must also change with the trend. Health needs
depends various aspects such as environment, demographic trends and epidemics. A
country such as the U.K is expecting to see more growth in the number of elderly people in
the coming future. Some nursing undergraduate programs within the U.K do not have
enough theoretical content nor clinical exposure or experience with the elderly people. This
shows that there is a serious challenge in the learning institutions to provide a curriculum
which involves elderly patients, in the future. Whyte (2000) noted that,Get Help With Your
EssayIf you need assistance with writing your own essay, our professional essay writing
service is here to help!“Educators need to comprehend the role that APNs will play in
healthcare delivery in the next decade and beyond. APNs are required to exercise higher
levels of judgment and decision-making in the clinical setting. Appropriate preparation,
education and demonstrated competence to practice are integral to the success of the role
of the APN in the designated area of practice. It is proposed that for the successful
preparation of APNs, an innovative curriculum design is needed, where content is delivered
within an interdisciplinary framework”The current demographic trends and other special
health needs, indicate that the government needs to come up with an appropriate policy
and other organized actions that must be taken by nurses so as to meet the needs of the
society. Training has to be established in institutions and also the specialization of
personnel in all levels in order to give directions of the changes that research in nursing
must take.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE ConclusionThe development of
advanced practice roles and opportunities through post graduate education can only enrich
nursing practices. Education, regulating and defining the scope of nursing practices is very
vital however, it is insufficient it is not the only thing needed to advance nursing practices
as it is evident in the U.K. Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.There must be equal
opportunities being offered to nurses in developing their expertise in nursing practice
(Bamford & Gibson, 2000). Supervision is one of the key tools that help nurses develop their

5. expertise in practice and therefore it should be emphasized in the health care policy.Many
institutions and organizations which are committed in advancing nursing practices will be
in future rewarded in different ways and means. While value is added to nurse through
education, safe environment is created and people are able to be competent enough to
handle patients with care. Advanced practice within nursing also cements the relationship
between patients and nurses, hence patients are able to relate well with
nurses.Development of Nursing Knowledge Essay.