This document provides an introduction and overview of Struts 2.0, an open source MVC framework for Java web applications. It covers what Struts is, why frameworks are useful, the main components and architecture of Struts 2.0, how the request lifecycle works, benefits of Struts 2.0 over 1.x, and what is needed to get started using Struts 2.0. Sample code is provided to demonstrate key concepts.

1. Introduction to Struts 2.0
Jenny Ni
Joey Feng
Winddays Wang
Hewmmi Zhu
Heather Lv
1
Software School ,Fudan University

2. Contents
1. What is Struts?
2. Why to use framework?
3. Struts 2.0 Overview
4. Struts 2.0 MVC components
5. Request Lifecycle in Struts 2
6. Struts 2.0 Architecture
7. Sample Application
8. Why we should use Struts 2.0?
9. Struts 1.x vs Struts 2.0
10. What you need to start using Struts2.0
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3. What is Struts?
 Open Source java framework for
creating web applications.
 Action Based Framework
 Create web application using MVC 2
architecture
 Apache Struts offer two major version
Struts 1.x
Struts 2.0
 Struts 2 = WebWork + Struts
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4. Why use framework?
 Do we need framework?
 No and Yes.
 No.
 In small applications where you don’t want
the overhead of learning new things.
 But
 Yes
 We have to use framework in real world
application because:-
 Automation of common tasks
 Concentrate on higher level concerns.
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5. Struts 2.0
 Complete new framework based on webwork framework.
 Struts 2.0 implements MVC 2 design pattern.
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6. Struts 2.0 MVC Components
 Controller:-
 Filter Dispatcher:-
 First component that start processing that is why this type
of MVC is called front controller MVC
 Looks at the request and apply the appropriate action.
 Struts framework handles all of the controller work.
 Its configured in web.xml
 Interceptors:-
 Can execute code before and after an Action is
executed.
 They can be configured per action basis.
 Can be used for data validation, file upload, double
submit guards.
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7. Struts 2.0 MVC Components contd.
 Model:-
 Implemented by action class
 For model you can use any data access
technologies like JDBC,EJB,Hibernate
 View
 Its your result part. It can be JSP,JSTL,JSF etc.
 Presentation part of the MVC
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8. Request Lifecycle in Struts 2.0
1. User Sends Request
2. Filter Dispatcher determines the appropriate action
3. Interceptors are applied
4. Execution of action
5. Output Rendering
6. Return of Request
7. Display of result to user.
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9. Struts 2.0 Architecture

10. Struts 2.0 Architecture
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11. Why we should use Struts
2.0?
1. Simplified Design
2. Simplified Action
3. Simplified Testability
4. Better tag features
5. Annotation introduced
6. Easy plug-in
7. AJAX Support
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12. Struts 1.x vs Struts 2.0
 How Struts 1.x and Struts 2.0 differ from each
other?
› Configuration
› Action Class
› Dependency injection.
› Servlet Dependency
› Validation
› Threading model
› Testability
› Expression Language
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13. Struts 1 Struts 2
Action ⇒ Action
ActionForm ⇒ Action or POJO’s
ActionForward ⇒ Result
struts-config.xml ⇒ struts.xml
ActionServlet ⇒ FilterDispatcher
RequestProcessor ⇒ Interceptors

14. What you need to start using
Struts 2.0?
1. Java 5.0
2. Tomcat 5.x(Servlet api 2.4 and jsp api
2.0)
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15. Let’s see something real…
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16. Web, Mail 2000

17. Web, Mail 2009

31. Struts Plugins

32. Simple Example

33. Struts 1
<html:errors/>
<html:form action="/SaveMeeting">
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<th align="right">
Name:
</th>
<td align="left">
<html:text property="name" size=”50” />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right">
Date:

34. </th>
<td align="left">
<html:text property="date" size="50"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="right">
Invitees:
</th>
<td align="left">
<html:select property="invitees"
multiple="true">
<html:options collection="employees"
property="value"
labelProperty="label"/>
</html:select>

35. </tr>
<tr>
<th align="right">
Description:
</th>
<td align="left">
<html:textarea property="description"
rows="4" cols="50" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
&nbsp;
</td>

36. <td align="left">
<html:submit property="DO_SUBMIT">
Save
</html:submit>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</html:form>
 ...
 Only four pages!

37. Struts 2
<s:form action="Meeting" validate="true">
<s:token />
<s:textfield label=”Name” name=“name” />
<s:textfield label=”Date" name="date"/>
<s:select label=”Invitees” name="invitees"
list="employees"/>
<s:textarea label=”Description”
name="description"
rows="4" cols="50" />
<s:submit value=”Save" method="save"/>
</s:form>

38. Example Revisited

39. <s:textfield label="Name"
name="name" tooltip="Meeting name" />

40. <s:datepicker label="Date" name="date"/>

41. <s:optiontransferselect ... />

42. <jsp:include
page="/ajax/commonInclude.jsp"/>
...
<s:textarea theme="ajax" label="Description"
name="description" rows="4" cols="50" />

43. But there's more . . .

44. Brian Kernighan Law of
Debugging Difficulty
Debugging is twice as hard as writing the
code in the first place. Therefore, if you
write the code as cleverly as possible, you
are, by definition, not smart enough to
debug it.

45. Prevention and Cure

46. struts.devMode = true

49. Built-in Testing Support
public class MyActionTest
extends StrutsTestCase {
public void testExecute()
throws Exception {
assertTrue(true);
}
}

50. any.action?debug=console

51. any.action?profiling=yes

52. Time to Upgrade?

53. Tutorials, Guides, and
FAQs

54. Struts 2 Training Course

55. Run Struts 1 Actions as
Is
<action name="editGangster"
class="org.apache.struts2.s1.Struts1Action">
<param name="className">
com.mycompany.gangstas.EditGangsterAction
</param>
<result>
gangsterForm.jsp
</result>
</action>

56. How do I get
started?

57. Where We are Going