Performing Computer Operations.pdf

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7
TLE
Quarter 0 – Module 2:
Performing Computer Operations

TLE – ICT – Computer System Servicing – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 0 – Module 2: Performing Computer Operations
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Louelyn M. Lajot, Arlyn R. Laguras
Editors: Mark Dave M. Vendiola, Jesusa D. Paladar
Reviewers: Mark Dave M. Vendiola, Jesusa D. Paladar, Reynald M. Manzano
Typesetter: Louelyn M. Lajot
Layout Artist: Louelyn M. Lajot
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

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TLE
Quarter 0 – Module 2:
Performing Computer Operations

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the TLE – ICT – Computer System Servicing 7 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Performing Computer Operations!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the
learners.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the TLE – ICT – Computer System Servicing 7 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Performing Computer Operations!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to
Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have
Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new

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knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Introduction to Computer
• Lesson 2 – Computer Hardware
• Lesson 3 – Computer Application Software
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define computer;
2. develop appreciation on the uses of computers;
3. explain the functions of computer hardware;
4. identify computer hardware;
5. appreciate the importance of computer hardware in the computer
system;
6. explain the function of application software;
7. enter and save data into the computer using appropriate application
software;
8. appreciate the importance of choosing the right application software for
a specific purpose.
What I Need to Know

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Lesson
1 Introduction to Computers
Have you used a computer? Did you wonder what else can you do with
them? Welcome – you’re in the right track. This lesson will give you an
overview of computers: what they are, what are the types, and what you can
do with them.
What I Know
Match Column A (descriptions) with Column B (terms). Write the letter of the
correct answer on your notebook.
Column A Column B
1. A cell phone that can do a lot of things computers
can do.
A. Computer
2. A computer that serves up information to other
computers on a network.
B. IBM PC
3. A general term for a group of devices—
including fitness trackers and smartwatches—
that are designed to be worn throughout the day.
C. Game console
4. A specialized type of computer that is used for
playing video games on your TV.
D. Hardware
5. An electronic device that manipulates
information, or data.
E. Macintosh
6. Any part of your computer that has a physical
structure, such as the keyboard or mouse.
F. Smartphone
7. Any set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do and how to do it.
G. Server
8. The first widely sold personal computer with a
graphical user interface.
H. Software
9. The original version of the most common type of
personal computer that was introduced in 1981.
I. Tablet
10. The most portable, handheld computer that
use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation.
J. Wearables

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What’s In
Try to answer the following questions:
What is a computer?
What is the difference between hardware and software?
What are the types of computers?
What’s New
Direction:Draw a picture of your dream computer and write a brief
description.
What is It
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or
data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. Among the many
uses of computer are: to type documents, send email, play games, and browse
the Web. It can also be used to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and
even videos.
Hardware vs Software
The two important terms relating to computers are hardware and
software.
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure,
such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal
parts.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do
and how to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and
word processors.
Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and
software.

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Types of Computers
Desktop computers are designed to be placed
on a desk, and they’re typically made up
of a few different parts, including the
computer case, monitor, keyboard, and
mouse.
Laptop computers are battery-powered computers
that are more portable than desktops, allowing
you to use them almost anywhere.
Tablet computers or tablets are handheld
computers that are even more portable than laptops.
Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a to
uch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation.
A server is a computer that serves up
information to other computers on a
network. For example, whenever you
use the Internet, you're looking at
something that's stored on a server.
Many businesses also use local file
servers to store and share files
internally.
Other types of computers
Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though
we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.
• Smartphones: These are cell phones that can do a lot of things
computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games.
• Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of
devices—including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are
designed to be worn throughout the day.
• Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that
is used for playing video games on your TV.
https://media.gcflearnfree.org/content/55e0730c7dd48
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https://media.gcflearnfree.org/content/55e0730c7dd
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https://media.gcflearnfree.org/assets/content/computerbasics/1/int
ro_server_room.jpg

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• TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you
access various types of online content. For example, you can stream
video from the Internet directly onto your TV.
PCs and Macs
Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are
fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many people
prefer one or the other.
PCs
This type of computer began with the
original IBM PC that was introduced in
1981. Other companies began creating
similar computers, which were
called IBM PC Compatible (often
shortened to PC). Today, this is the most
common type of personal computer, and
it typically includes the Microsoft
Windows operating system.
Macs
The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984,
and it was the first widely sold personal computer
with a graphical user interface,
or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by
one company (Apple), and they almost always use
the Mac OS X operating system.
What’s More
Guess What!
Direction: Identify the following terms based on the given description, clues
are given to you. Write the answer on your notebook.
C R 1. An electronic device that manipulates information, or
data.
S R 2. computer that serves up information to other computers
on a network.
H E 3. Any part of your computer that has a physical structure,
such as the keyboard or mouse.
S E 4. Any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to
do and how to do it.
T T 5. The most portable, handheld computer that use a touch-
sensitive screen for typing and navigation.
https://media.gcflearnfree.org/content/55e0730c7dd48174331f5164_01_17_
2014/desktop_full_view_alt.jpg
https://media.gcflearnfree.org/content/55e0730c7dd48174331f5164_
01_17_2014/desktop_mac_full_view_alt.jpg

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COMPUTER
Definition:
___________
___________
Hardware/
Software
Hardware:
________
Software:
_________
Types of
Computers
_______ ______ _____ ______
Other Types of
Computers
_____ _____ _____ _____
What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the following statements below with word/s based on
what have been discussed in the previous parts of this module. Write the
answers in your notebook.
1. A __________ is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.
2. __________ is any part of your computer that has a physical structure,
such as the keyboard or mouse.
3. __________ is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do
and how to do it.
4. The four main types of computers are: __________ computer, __________
computer, __________ computer, and __________.
5. Other types of computers are: smartphones, __________, __________, and
TVs.
6. PC is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically
includes the __________operating system.
7. The Macintosh or Mac computer is made by Apple company, and it almost
always use the __________ operating system.
What I Can Do
Direction: Copy in your notebook and complete the diagram below to
concretize your learnings about the introduction of computer.

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Assessment
Direction. Identify the terms referred by each item. Write the answer in your
notebook.
__________ 1. An electronic device that manipulates information, or data.
__________ 2. A cell phone that can do a lot of things computers can do.
__________ 3. The most portable, handheld computer that use a touch-
sensitive screen for typing and navigation.
__________ 4. A computer that serves up information to other computers on
a network.
__________ 5. Any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such
as the keyboard or mouse.
__________ 6. The original version of the most common type of personal
computer that was introduced in 1981.
__________ 7. A specialized type of computer that is used for playing video
games on your TV.
__________ 8. A general term for a group of devices—including fitness
trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be worn throughout
the day.
__________ 9. Any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and
how to do it.
__________ 10. The first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user
interface.
Direction: Answer the riddles below about computer. Write the answer in your
notebook.
1. What is an aliens’ favorite place on a computer?
2. What does a computer do when it’s tired?

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Lesson
2 Computer Hardware
What I Know
Direction: Identify the computer hardware that best describe the following
statements. Write your answer in your notebook.
__________ 1. It is the main part of a microcomputer and sometimes called
the chassis.
__________ 2. The main circuit board of a computer.
__________ 3. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
__________ 4. Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer.
__________ 5. Is composed of buttons that create letters, numbers,
and symbols, as well as perform other functions.
__________ 6. Enables its user to move a cursor smoothly and intuitively
across a two-dimensional plane
__________ 7. It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics.
__________ 8. Is the computer's working storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to
be sent to secondary storage.
__________ 9. A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components
inside or outside a computer.
__________ 10. Is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
media
What’s In
What is occupational health and safety policy?
What are the procedures in occupational health and safety standards?
What are the parts of the accident report?

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What’s New
Direction: It is time to show some of your artistry. Draw the following
computer hardware and after you have drawn, write a brief or simple
description of each.
1. Computer Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Printer
4. Computer Monitor
5. System Unit
What is It
Hardware
The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer
are called the hardware which is composed of different devices attached to the
computer.
The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most
Personal Computers.
1. System Unit- The main part of a
microcomputer, sometimes called the
chassis. It includes the following parts:
Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory
Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board-
The main circuit board of a computer. It contains
all the circuits and components that run the
computer.

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3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The
processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through a
computer.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main
memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM
chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data
even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data
only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are
lost.
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway
between several hardware components inside
or outside a computer. It does not only connect
the parts of the CPU to each other, but also
links the CPU with other important
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also
called interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device for which
it does not have the necessary connections or
circuit boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different hardware.

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7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back
corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It
converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other components in the
PC.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive,
is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device
that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc
(CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc
(BD).
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to
optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves
back and forth near the disk surface and accesses
data at a very fast rate.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
What are the input and output devices of a computer?
The devices attached to a personal computer can be classified into two-
the input and output devices. Input Device is composed of a device that
accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer
system. Output device is any piece of computer hardware that displays
results after the computer has processed the input data that has been
entered.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer
through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC.
Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the
back of the motherboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable
data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s
CPU.

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Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move
the pointer (cursor) on screen.
Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in
PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most have
one or two scroll wheels.
Touch screen- A display screen that is
sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus.
Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car
navigation and industrial controls. The
touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.
Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired
to a video terminal used to draw pictures
or select menu options. The user brings
the pen to the desired point on screen and
presses the pen button to make contact.
Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet
used for sketching new images or tracing
old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the
user contacts the surface of the device with
a wired or wireless pen or puck. Often
mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is officially the "tablet cursor."
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read
text or illustrations printed on paper and
translates the information into a form the
computer can use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices
also known as speech or voice recognition
systems that allow a user to send audio signals
to a computer for processing, recording, or
carrying out commands. Audio input devices
such as microphones allow users to speak to
the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

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Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using
text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information
is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray
Tubes (CRT) were the only type
of displays for use with desktop
PCs. They are relatively big (14"
to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15
lbs).
b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) technology has
been used in laptops for some
time. It has recently been made
commercially available as
monitors for desktop PCs.
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology
used in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market,
from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and
perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution
between them. An electric current passed
through the liquid causes the crystals to align
so that light cannot pass through them. Each
crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the
light.
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that
has a touch sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen, which is similar to a touch
screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

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Types of printer
a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at
a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce
high-quality text and graphics.
b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as
copy machines. Laser printers produce
very high quality text and graphics.
c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser
printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-
emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.
d) Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters
or pins that print an entire line at one
time. Line printers are very fast, but
produce low-quality print.
(e) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that
works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers
are widely used in calculators and fax machines.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They
may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speakers allow
you to listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.
What’s More
Direction. Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write the
answer in your notebook.
1. What are the two types of input devices?
2. What are the 3 categories of direct entry devices? Give 3 examples.
3. Give 5 examples of output devices.

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What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the paragraph below by supplying the missing term in
the blank.
Computer hardware is considered as the most important parts of the
computer system because without it the application software and the
operating system will __________. It is very important that you know how to
handle the hardware and know the function of each part so that you can do
simple troubleshooting if one of the parts failed to function.
What I Can Do
Direction: Let us name them. Identify the following computer hardware. Write
your answer in your notebook.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.

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Assessment
Matching Type. Match column A (terms) with Column B and write your
answer in your notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Input Device A. An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen
2. Output device B. Is composed of a device that accepts data
and instructions from the user or from another
computer system
3. Pointing Devices C. Used to play sound. They may be built into
the system unit or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music and
hear sound effects from your computer.
4. Touch screen D. Utilize two sheets of polarizing material with
a liquid crystal solution between them.
5. Scanning Devices E. is any piece of computer hardware that
displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
6. Smart Board F A device that can read text or illustrations
printed on paper and translates the
information into a form the computer can use
7. LCD Projectors G. A type of display screen that has a touch
sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
8. Printer H. Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic
storage device that is installed inside the
computer
9. Speakers I. A display screen that is sensitive to the touch
of a finger or stylus.
10. Hard Disk Drive
(HDD)
J. A device that prints text or illustrations on
paper

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Let us do some inventory. List down the major parts (hardware) of a computer
system in your home. Write the answer in your notebook.
Lesson
3
Computer Applications
Software
This lesson will now guide to the different computer applications
software.
What I Know
Direction: Identify the following computer application software.
1. ______is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.
2. ______ is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to
manipulate visual images on a computer.
3. A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and
retrieval of data in a database.
4. _______ is a software program that helps create a slideshow that addresses
a topic.
5. _______ is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used to sort
data and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly
numerical data.
6. Used to produce high-quality printed documents such as magazine,
greeting card, posters, etc.
7. _______ is a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing
documents.
8. MS PowerPoint is an example of __________.

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9. Google Chrome is an example of __________.
10. MS Word is an example of ___________.
What’s In
What are the basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers?
What is an input device? Give examples.
What is an output device? Give examples.
What’s New
Direction: Let us name the icon. Name 3 icons that you are familiar with and
give a brief description of the icon that you have chosen.

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What is It
Application Software is a program or group of programs designed for end
users that allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer
related) tasks.
Examples of Computer Application Software:
Some examples of computer application software are: word processor;
spreadsheet; presentation software; database management system; desktop
publisher; graphics editor and web browser.
Word Processor
Word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing, and
printing documents. Some examples are Microsoft Word, WordPro,
AppleWorks.
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used
to sort data and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily,
commonly numerical data. Examples are Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 , Apple
Numbers, and OpenOffice Calc.
Presentation Software
A presentation program is a software program that helps create a
slideshow that addresses a topic. It is often used in businesses and schools
for discussing a topic or for teaching. Examples are Microsoft PowerPoint,
Adobe Persuasion, Hypercard, OpenOffice Impress and Scala Multimedia.
Database Management System (DBMS) Software
A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and
retrieval of data in a database. Users can create tables, queries, forms and
reports. DBMS software examples are Microsoft Access, Oracle Database,
MySQL and FoxPro.
Desktop Publishing Software
This is used to produce high-quality printed documents such as
magazine, greeting card, posters, etc. and allows you to use different
typefaces, specify various margins and justifications, and embed illustrations
and graphs directly into the text. Desktop Publishing software examples are
Adobe InDesign, QuarkXPress and MS Publisher.
Web Browser
Web browser is a software application used to locate and display Web
pages. Examples are: Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Google
Chrome.

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Graphic Software
Graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection
of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer.
Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct categories: raster
graphics and vector graphics. The most common example is Adobe Photoshop.
Save and Save As
To save your file, follow
the following procedures:
1. In the File Tab, hover over
and click Save As (saving for
the first time and saving to
another file name or another
copy), click browse for you to
access the Save As dialog box
and it will appear.
2. In the save as dialog box, you need to have the following information:
File name –is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored
in a file system.
File Extension or File name Extension -is the ending of a file that
helps identify the type of file in operating systems, such
as Microsoft Windows. In Microsoft Windows, the file name extension is a
period that is often followed by three characters but may also be one, two, or
four characters long. Some of the more common file extensions are listed
below, separated by the types of files the associated file extensions.
Picture
files
Music and
Sound
Files
Operating
System
Files
Text and
Word
Processing
Documents
Spreadsheet
Files
Web Page
Files
.bmp
.gif
.jpg
.mp3
.wav
.dll
.exe
.docx
.rtf
.txt
.xlsx
.xlr
.csv
.htm
.html
File Location or Path - defines the location of a file or folder in a
computer's file system. Paths are also called "directory paths" because they
File
name
File
name
Extensio
File Location or Path

21
often include one or more directories that describe the path to the file or
folder.
3. After filling in the filename, choosing the file extension and the location,
then click save.
Note:
Use Save to update the lastly preserved file with the latest content.
Use Save As to store a new file or to store an existing file to a new location
with the same name or a different name.
What is a Storage Device?
A storage device is any hardware capable of holding information either
temporarily or permanently.
There are two types of storage devices used with computers:
1. a primary storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device,
such as a hard drive.
2. secondary storage can be removable, internal, or external.
(www.computerhope.com 2017)
A primary storage device is a medium that holds memory for short
periods of time while a computer is running. Although it has a much
lower access time and faster performance, it is also about two orders of
magnitude more costly than secondary storage device. RAM (random access
memory) and cache are both examples of a primary storage device. Primary
storage's key differences from the others are that it is directly accessible by
the CPU, it is volatile, and it is non-removable.
A secondary storage device is a non-volatile device that holds data
until it is deleted or overwritten. Secondary storage is about two orders of
magnitude cheaper than primary storage. Off-line storage is a subset of
secondary storage, as they both serve the same purpose and do not interact
directly with the CPU.
Examples of secondary storage:
Hard Disk Drive
A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as
a hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile data storage
device. It is usually installed internally in a computer,
attached directly to the disk controller of the
computer's motherboard. It contains one or
more platters, housed inside of an air-sealed casing.
Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay,
connected to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI,
or SATA cable. Examples of data that may be stored on
a computer's hard drive include the operating system,
installed software, and the user's personal files.

22
Solid-State Drive
Short for solid-state drive, an SSD is a storage
medium that uses non-volatile memory as a means of
holding and accessing data. Unlike a hard drive, an SSD has
no moving parts which gives it advantages such as faster
access time, noiseless operation, higher reliability, and
lower power consumption.
USB Thumb Drive
Alternatively referred to as a USB flash drive, data
stick, pen drive, memory unit, keychain drive, and thumb
drive, a thumb drive is a portable storage device. It is often
the size of a human thumb and connects to a computer
via a USB port. Flash drives are an easy way
to store and transfer information between computers and
range in sizes from 2 GB to 1 TB.
SD Card
Short for Secure Digital card, the SD card is one of the more common
types of memory cards used with electronics. The SD technology is used by
over 400 brands of electronic equipment and over 8000 different models,
including digital cameras and cell phones.
Types of SD cards
The three versions of the SD card, along
with their physical dimensions as shown.
SD - 32mm x 24mm x 2.1mm
MiniSD - 21.5mm x 20mm x 1.4mm
MicroSD - 15mm x 11mm x 1.0mm
CD
Abbreviated as CD, a compact disc is a flat, round, optical storage
medium invented by James Russell. The first CD was
created at a Philips factory in Germany on August
17, 1982. The picture is an example of the bottom of a
standard compact disc and is the side the disc player
reads. The opposite side of the disc has a label to help
indicate what is on the disc.
DVD
Short for digital versatile disc or digital video disc,
a DVD or DVD-ROM is a disc capable of storing a
significant amount more data than a standard compact
disc. DVDs are widely used for storing and viewing
movies and other data.

23
Floppy Diskette
Alternatively referred to as a floppy or floppy disk,
a floppy diskette is a type of storage media, capable of
storing electronic data, like a computer file. The floppy
diskette was first created in 1967 by IBM as an
alternative to buying hard drives, which were extremely
expensive at the time.
Which storage devices are used today?
Most of the storage devices mentioned above are no longer used with
today's computers. Most computers today primarily use an SSD to store
information, as well as the ability to use USB flash drives and access to cloud
storage. Most desktop computers and some laptops include a disc drive that
is capable of reading and writing CDs and DVDs.
What storage device has the largest capacity?
For most computers, the largest storage device is the hard drive or SSD.
However, networked computers may also have access to larger storage with
large tape drives, cloud computing, or NAS devices.
What’s More
Let Us Play!
Direction: Below are jumbled letters, form each item to correspond to one
application software. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. WDOR CESPROSOR 6. SHERPUBLI
2. SHEETSPREAD 7. BRSEROW
3. TATIONPRESEN 8. PHICSGRA
4. BASEDATA 9. WARESOFT
5. CATIONAPPLI 10. MS RDWO
What I Have Learned
Direction: Answer the following questions in your notebook in complete
sentences.
What are the examples of application program/software?

24
COMPUTER
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
COMPUTER
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
MEANING
EXAMPLES OF
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
USES OF
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
TYPES OF
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
What is the importance of application program/software?
How to save your work?
What are the different storage devices?
What should you consider first when buying a storage device?
What I Can Do
Copy the the concept web below in your notebook and answer the following:
Assessment
Direction: Answer the K-W-L chart. Write your answer on your notebook.

25
K W L
What do you think
you KNOW about
computer
application/software?
What do you WANT to
know about computer
application software?
What did you LEARN
about computer
application software?

26
Try this only if you have a computer at home.
Situation:
Your adviser asks you to give him the attendance in softcopy using MS
Word of your group for this week in a tabular form. How will you do it?
1. Open MS Word. In the start button, look for MS Word, hover over and click.
(Once the MS Word is open, a new blank document appears.)
2. In the INSERT tab, click tables and choose 6 x 5.
3. Enter headers below and put the names of your four (4) groupmates in
the NAMES column. Write the attendance by putting check (/) if present
and x if absent in the day’s columns. (Refer to the sample below.)
NAMES MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
4. Save your work as:
filename: name_activity 1
file extension: .docx
file location: drive D

References
Bautista, Benjamin Sr. V. n.d. "Perform Computer Operations." pdfslide.net.
Accessed August 3, 2020. https://pdfslide.net/documents/uc-6-
perform-computer-operationsdoc.html.
Christensson, Per. "Path Definition." TechTerms. (February 5, 2009).
Accessed Jun 18, 2020. https://techterms.com/definition/path.
Lithmee, Difference Between Save and Save As 2018. Accessed June 18,
2020. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-save-and-save-as/
1998-2020. edu.gcfglobal.org. Accessed August 3, 2020.
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/inside-a-computer/1/.
2019. CSCA0101 Computing Basics. Accessed June 16, 2020.
https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wpcontent/uploads/2019/02/csca0101_ch0
7.pdf
2020. Filename. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename
2020. Filename Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension
2019. File Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fileext.htm
https://www.riddlesandanswers.com/tag/computer-riddles/
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “software,” accessed July 1, 2020,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/software.
2019. https://www.computerhope.com. June 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/stordevi.htm.
2019. https://www.computerhope.com. December 30. Accessed JUne 22,
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/compactd.htm.
2017. https://www.computerhope.com/. December 29. Accessed June 22,
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. March 06. Accessed jUNE 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. March 06. Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/ssd.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. April 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/j/jumpdriv.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/sdcard.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. June 02. Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dvd.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/floppydi.htm.
2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tape.htm.
2017. www.computerhope.com. December 29. Accessed June 22, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htm.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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