Physical Geography of Russia and Central Asia

1. By Eleanor Joyce City of Salem Schools http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rs.html The Geography of Russia and Central Asia

3. steppe Steppe is the term used for the temperate grassland regions in the Northern Hemisphere. WildLife photography in Siberia and Central Asia by Oleg Kosterin used with permission pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/landscap / altai/chuiskaya2.htm

5. tundra Tundra is the term for the flat, treeless lands forming a ring around the Arctic Ocean. In the tundra, the climate is extremely cold. http://faculty.washington.edu/lyn4/images/tundra.jpg Used with permission. Photo is the property of Lyn Gualtieri, University of Washington http://www.creekbed.com/descanso-townhall/images/tundra.jpg Permission requested

7. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/FrozenSoils/Images/frozenground.gif This NASA image of the Northern Hemisphere shows the areas of permafrost — the tundra regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. permafrost or permanently frozen ground

8. Buildings built on permafrost may collapse when the heat generated by the building thaws the ground. The photo above is an example of what can happen to a building built on ground that is permanently frozen. Houses in Siberia are often built on stilts so this will not happen. http://henkbinnendijk.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/dawsonpermafrosthouses700x460.jpg Used with permission

10. irrigation To irrigate is to supply (dry land) with water by means of ditches, pipes, or tubes. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/slides/Prfiles.htm No copyright

11. divert (To divert is to turn aside from a course or direction.) Water is diverted from streams to irrigation canals in order to irrigate the cotton fields in the Aral Sea drainage basin. Irrigation Channel http://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/art/photography/workers/misc/cotton-pickers.jpg Used with permission