2. The most widely taught foreign language at all
stages of education system
Many start learning English in secondary school,
some as early as primary or pre-school
The problem? The desired level of proficiency is
not attained
3. Definition:
“The attitude which speakers of different languages or
language varieties have towards each other’s
languages or to their own language. Expressions of
positive or negative feelings towards a language may
reflect impressions of linguistic difficulty or simplicity,
ease or difficulty of learning, degree of importance,
elegance, social status, etc. Attitudes towards a
language may also show what people feel about the
speakers of that language”
(Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, 1992:199)
4. Gardner (1985)-motivation: combination of efforts
plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the
language plus favourable attitudes toward learning
the language
Wenden (1991)-3 components of attitudes:
-cognitive (beliefs or perceptions about the
language) –
evaluative ( the language may generate like
or dislike)
-behavioural (prompt learners to adopt particular
learning behaviours)
5. To investigate :
1. the interlaced relationship among language
attitudes
2. the starting age of language learning, and the
place where the individual started to learn
language within the context of EFL students in
Turkey.
6. Questionnaire:
1st
part-personal info: gender, the age when they
started to learn English, the place where they
started to learn English.
2nd
part-their attitudes towards the English
language (5-point Likert Scale)
3rd
part-their attitudes towards the use of English in
Turkish context
(was presented to students in Turkish)
Data was analysed using SPSS.
7. 190 eighth grade students of a private primary
school in Adana (considered as one of the most
advantaged groups learning English in a fully
equipped environment)
English language (up to 10 hours/week)
Participants Number/
percentage
Female 94 (49.5%)
Male 96 (50.5%)
Started learning from 0-6 years old 42.1%
Started learning from 7 and above 57.9%
Learn English at secondary school 83.15%
Learn English at pre-school 16.84%
8. The degree of attitudes of the Turkish students
towards English is generally mildly positive. They
find English musical, rich and beautiful
successively.
However, they do not find English as a language
of culture and it is not so interesting to them.
They have strongly positive attitudes towards the
importance of English.
9. Between gender
Female More positive attitudes, find English beautiful and musical, feel
significantly more comfortable about Turkish people speaking
English than male group
Male Less positive attitudes,
find English important, rich and interesting (similar to female
students)
Between age of exposure to English
0-6 years old Have more positive attitudes, find English as more beautiful,
interesting, musical, important and rich,
Think of English as a language of culture, do not feel uneasy
and lack of confidence while speaking English
7 and above Less positive attitudes
10. Students do not support English as a language of
instruction in schools
However, they wish to take English as an elective course.
They do not feel that using English has detrimental effect
on their identity as Turkish people.
Both groups do not want to have a course book in English
low level of attitude towards the educational value of
English.
In contrast, the intrinsic value of English based culture is
very high strong desire to learn the culture but not the
language
11. Previous expectation: they have strongly
positive attitudes towards English.
However, they only have mildly positive
attitudes.
They welcome English as the frequently used
foreign language in Turkey, evaluate the social
and instrumental value of English, prefer reading
and speaking in English, and take English even
if it not compulsory at school.
They recognize the importance of English as an
instrument to get a better job, higher status in
society, etc.
12. However, they are not that willing to take active
steps at the expected level in order to learn
English
Also, they are less tolerant to the use of English
among Turkish.
But, they are unbigoted against English based
culture
It might be claimed that starting to learn English
at an earlier age at pre-school environment has a
significant effect on language learning in foreign
context
13. The findings support the general contention
partially that positive language attitudes let learner
have positive orientation towards learning English
Interestingly, the recognition of the importance of
English as a foreign language in Turkish society
may not lead students to have active steps in
learning process.
The reason? they do not have positive attitudes
towards English language (outcome of Turkey
edu. System) but the English based culture ( a
result of social tendencies affected by
globalisation).
14. Another reason? The students do not feel the
need of English language in daily life yet. They
delay learning English until adulthood
(professional needs)
Awareness is not enough strategy-based
learning and teaching might be a solution bcoz
these students have positive attitudes towards the
culture and high level of recognition on the
importance of the language
