1. Advanced Cell Biology
2014 1nd Semester
Department of Animal Science
Chungbuk National University
3rd Lecture

2. 1st week : Introduction
3rd week :Research Strategies For Cell Biology
5nd week : Nucleus, Transcription and Splicing
7nd week : Membrane and Channel
9nd week : Membrane Trafficking
11nd week : Cell Signaling
13nd week : Cytoskeleton
15nd week : Cell Cycle

3. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
In Eucaryotic Cell, DNA Replication, Transcription and Splicing happen at Nucleus

5. Structure of Nucleus

6. Cajal Bodies : snRNA/snoRNP assembly
Nucleolus : rRNA transcription / Processing / Preribosomal assembly
PML Bodies, Speckles

7. The Nucleolus: The Most Prominent Nuclear Subdomain

8. rRNA transcription : by RNA Polymerase I
50% of RNA transcription is the cell is rRNA
Nucleuos in Oocyte

9. Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pore Complex : Gateways between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

12. Nuclear Membrane: two concentric
membranes separating the perinuclear
space.
Outer nuclear membrane is continuous
with and functionally part of the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Inner nuclear membrane has many
novel transmembrane and peripheral
proteins that anchor the nuclear
lamina and interact with chromatin.
Lipid bilayers of the two membranes
are connected around the nuclear pore
complexes.

13. Lamina : a protein meshwork lining the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane.

16. Disassembly of the nuclear envelope is a critical aspect of mitosis (and meiosis) in higher
eukaryotes
It is also called as ‘GVBD’ (Germinal Vesicle Breakdown) in Oocyte..

17. Traffic between Nuclues and
Cytoplasm

19. Nuclear Pore Complex : Gateway betweeen Cytoplasm and Nucleus

21. Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) : Tickets for the Nucleus Localization
PKKKRKV
KRPAATKKAGQAKKKK
Highly Positive Charged Residues

23. nuclear export sequence (NES)
The human immunodeficiency virus I Rev protein provides one example of
a leucine-rich sequence (LQLPPLERLTL) that is recognized by the carrier CRM1.

27. Importin + NLS
Negative Positiv

28. Ran GDP & GTP Transition
RanGDP
GDP
RanGTP
GTP

29. Importin beta-RanGTP

30. Mitotic chromosome

31. One DNA Molecule Per chromosome

32. Chromosome DNA Packaging : The Nucleosome

33. E.coli
Genome Size :4.6Mbp
Human
Genome Size :3100Mbp
Protein Coding Gene :20000-25000
Protein Coding Gene : 4288
S.cerevisiae
Genome Size : 13.8Mbp
Protein Coding Gene : 6604
Drosophila
Genome Size : 140Mbp
Protein Coding Gene : 13525
900X time of genome size
5X times of proteins?

35. Transposon : Junk DNA? Make up much of genome of higher eucaryote
-Retrotransposon : transcribe as RNA -> Convert RNA into DNA-> inserted back to genome
- LINE(long interspered nuclear elements)
- SINES (short interspersed nuclear elements)
- Is ‘junk DNA’ really junk?
- Junk is not a Trash!

36. Centromeres : the region where the chromosome becomes attached to the mitotic spindle

38. Histone Tail and Histone Code

40. Second Level of Chromosomal DNA Packaging

41. Euchromatin : contains almost all of the genes, both actively transcribed and quiescent
Heterochromatin : tranascriptionally inert, generally more condensed than the euchromatin

44. Imprinting

49. Kinetochore
- Button-like structure located in the surface of the centromeric hetrochromatin

51. Link between DNA and Microtuble at mitotic spindle