A conceptual scientific analysis on graha roga. one of the most explained topic in Ayurveda related to child.
its just an attempt to conceptualize graha roga under one heading and to understand the relation of mythological story associated with it....
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A conceptual scientific analysis on graha roga Dr. Sumeet Goel (CCRAS)
1.
2.
3. Contents of the presentation
Need of the study
Definition
Mythological concept and how they are made
Classification
Discussion of individual graha
Their treatment in general
Concept of odor
conclusion
4. NEED OF STUDY
Separate entity from other general disorders
Different etiological factors, symptoms and
management
The knowledge still not getting used due to lack of
proper understanding
5. Definition
“ aÉëWûhÉÉiÉç aÉëWû: CirÉÑcrÉiÉå” (Dalhana)
One which CAPTURES & SEIZES.
ग्रहैरपि हह जायन्ते प्रछन्नैर्वयााधय शििो।
कर्ािस्तर्तस्तेषु दैवयुक्त्याश्रयर् ्सदा॥(A.S.U.2/98)
Indicates a hidden disease
Both psychic and medical treatment is employed
6. History of Graha Rogas
Kaushika sutra-prayer to get rid of graha
Mahabharata-morphology and physical characters and
symptoms of graha
Varaha mihira-effect of worshiping the graha
Agani purana-2 terms have been explained: graha and
grahi (female graha) it also effects baby from first day to
17 years of life such a way 38 graha are explained
Vaidya kalyanka also given similar explanation.
7. Markandeya purana-16 demons appeared from
nirmasti wife of dusaha out of this 8 are males and 8 are
females
This may be affecting since womb or after birth
P.V. Sharma-disease of childhood which are not
classified separately
8. Mythological concept-
िुरा गहुस्य रक्षार्र्ा ्ननशर्ताा िूलिाणिना।
(A.S)
1. Produced from shiva and parvati
2. Purpose is as a body guards to his son.
3. Or probably these are just mythological ???
9. Narratod by God Shiv himself.(S.U. 37/17-20)
Not following the sadvritta and swasthavritta may
render the individual viable for grahavesha.
Vitiated milk of mother
धात्री मात्रो प्राक्प्प्रदिĶापचारात्शौचभ्रĶात् मङ्गलाचारहीनान्।
त्रस्तान् ह्रĶान् तदजितान्तादितान्वा पूजाहेतोदहिन्सस्युरेते कुमारान्॥
(S.U. 27/6)
10. Other causes
Fearful conditions for child
Disrespect to saints teachers
Improper indulgence in eating sex sleep exercise-by
mother and dhatri
Taking food in broken kasya patra
Child carried to lonely and inauspicious places
Phychologically unwell child
11.
12. नह्यस्य- दवत्रासनं साधुतस्मात्तदस्मन् रुित्यभुञ्जाने वाऽन्सयत्र वाऽदवधेयतां गच्छदत
राक्षसदपशाचपूतनाद्यानां नामादन चाह्वायता कुमारस्य दवत्रासनार्थंनामग्रहणंन कायंस्यात्।
(Charak)
Hence the importance of phychological wellbeing is
equally important for maintaining the immunity of a child.
Hence charak has mentioned following psychological
aspect of causes even for grahavesh
13. Microscopic nature of graha rogas
'आदवशन्सतश्च लक्ष्यन्सते के वलम्शास्त्रचक्षुष
ा'
(A.S.)
एश्वयिस्र्थास्ते न शक्प्या दवशन्सतो िेहम्द्रĶुम्मानुषैदविश्वरुपा ।
आप्तम्वाक्प्यम्तत्समीक्ष्यादभधास्येदलन्सगादन एषाम्यादन िेहेभवदन्सत'॥
(S.U. 27/7)
Hence its entry cannot be seen in the host via naked
eyes. And it can only be diagnosed on the basis of
symptoms like the infectious diseases also as per
modern.
14. Etio- pathology
No vitiation of dosha initially
They are invisible by naked eye
AGANTUJA IN NATURE
They enter the body Just like a suryakirana enter in
to earth as per Charaka
himsa rati archana
15. Graha are micro organism and bal graha have
been separately described
As skanda etc as they are specific to children
only or infect child only and the graha type as
devshatru gandharva etc have been
implicated for all in general. Causing more of
psychological disorders as explained in S.U.60
chapter.
16. Graha affects the child with three
aims
हहिंसार्यर्ानाकङ्क्क्षा ग्रहग्रहिकारिर्॥्
Himsa
Rati
Archana
17. Symptoms as explained in A.H. for
Graha Roga with Himsa as etiology
तत्र दहंसात्मके बालो महान् वा स्रुतनादसक ।
क्षदत्जह्व क्प्वणेद्वाढमसुखी साश्रुलोचन:॥
िुविणो हीनवचन पुदतगन्सधश्च जायते।
क्षामो मुत्रपुरीशं स्वम् मृद्नादत न जुगुप्सते॥
हस्तौ चोद्यम्य संरब्धो हन्सत्यात्मानम् तर्था परम्।
तद्वच्च शस्त्रकाश्ठाद्यैरद्नं वा दिप्तमादवशेत्
18. It could be understood as an acute viral illness
Elucidated via running nose, watering from eyes
Along with jwara (fever) as a prodromal symptom
And this febrile viral illness is aggravating the febrile seizure
As elucidated by tongue bite, loud noise, foul smell and
rubbing of stool and urine points towards child had
passed same during the attack.
19. Patients may present with seizures during the acute
encephalitic process but more often develop
neurological disability, including epilepsy, as a long-term
complication (Eeg-Olofsson, 2003).
Herpes simplex virus is the commonest and most
severe viral encephalitis in immunocompetent
subjects and epilepsy as its aftermath is particularly
devastating (Marks et al., 1992).
20. Symptoms as explained in A.H. for
graha Roga with Rati as etiology
रह: स्त्स्िरनतसिंल्लािगन्धस्रग्भूषिपप्रय:।
हृष्ट: िान्तश्र् दु:साध्यो रनतकार्ेन िीडित:॥ (A.H.2)
21. Interestingly, some cases of MTLE present without
the typical changes of mesial temporal sclerosis or
other abnormalities on MRI scans. This has been
termed paradoxical mesial temporal lobe
epilepsy. Studies have pointed to human
herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) as a possible link between
febrile convulsions and later MTLE.
A infection with temporal lobe epilepsy as outcome
22. “These lesions lie directly in structures with pathways into
the parts of the brain that are involved in emotional
behavior.“
Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy have a high
prevalence of depression
Neurologist Norman Geschwind, who noted a constellation
of symptoms, including hypergraphia,
hyperreligiosity, fainting spells, and pedantism, often
collectively ascribed to a condition known as Geschwind
syndrome.
23. Symptoms as explained in A.H. for
graha Roga with Archana as etiology
िीन: पररमृशन्वक्प्त्रंशुष्कौĶगलतालुक:।
शङ्दकतं वीक्ष्ते रौदत ध्यायत्यायादत भीतताम्॥
अन्सनमन्सनादभलाषेऽदप ित्तम्नादतबुभुक्षते।
गृहीतं बदलकामेन्तं दवद्यात्सुखसाधनम्॥
(A.S.U. 3/44-45)
24. Change in the taste of breast milk
Special contribution of kashyapa
Katu tiktha rasa –shakuni
Swadu katu-putana
All rasas- skanda ,shasti
Refers to many conditions –in
infection related to breast
25. Breast milk transmission of viral disease.
Stiehm ER, Keller MA Adv Nutr Res. 2001;10:105-22.
Breast milk transmission of maternal viral infection is well
established for CMV and HIV-1.
In other maternal viral diseases, e.g., other herpes viruses,
parvovirus, hepatitis A, B and C, and rubella, the virus is
often demonstrated in the breast milk, but transmission is
very rare.
The highest risk is during an acute viral infection at the
time of birth, since the breast milk has a high titer of virus,
and a lack of antibody to neutralize the organism
29. In bala graha chikistha adhyaya
1. Given more stress to revathi
2. While decribeing vamana sadhya rogas-
3. skanda pith
4. skanda
5. skanda apasmara
6. naigamesha
30. While describing Virechana
Revathi
Pundareeka
Shakuni
Puthana
Mukha mandika
While decribeing breast milk vitiation’s
1. Shakuni
2. Skanda
3. Shashti
4. Pootana
Considering all this it will be 13 in no.
31. 1. Two types of grahas-stri and purusha
2. Stri graha is-raja and tama guna pradhana
3. Skanda graha-shiva
4. Skanda-apasmara-Agni
5. Naigmesha- parvati
6. Putana-kartikeya
7. Mukhmandika – kartikeya
32. Prodromal features
तेषािं ग्रहीष्यतािं रुििं प्रततर् ्रोदनिं ज्वर:।
Child cries continuously along with fever.
Crying is the most common presentation among children in any
ailment.
Fever suggest infectious nature of the disease justifying the
correlation of graha rog with pathogens
35. All these symptoms point toward seizures after an
attack of fever
That is acute infection cause high fever or some
neurological sequelae ending up into a seizure
attack
38. Tuberculosis in children can manifest with abdominal
lymphadenopathy as the sole anatomic manifestation of systemic
infection.
Both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis can cause symptomatic infection
of the intestines, lymph nodes, peritoneum, omentum, liver, or
spleen.
Children can have symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, and
intermittent abdominal pain in the absence of abdominal physical
findings. The clinical presentation can mimic inflammatory bowel
disease.
42. Excitablity with frightened look, teeth grinding anxious face and cry
with altered voice
Conjugate deviation of eyes with n odding of head and sometimes
with edematous eyelids
Monoplegia or hemiplegia indicate involvement of spine or brain
Either kills the child or leave with permanent disability (as in polio)
Emits smell like bone marrow or wound
43. Polio
Now the Skanda graha resembles infection with polio in
the following ways
firstly considering sushruta symptoms
Symptoms point toward symptoms of facial palsy
associated with polio which can be attributed as bulbar
type of polio where paralysis of extraocular, facial and
masticatory muscles are present,
Absence of effective coughing and improper speech or
aphonia due to palsy of vocal cords
44. Poliovirus infection and Bell's palsy
in children.
Moses PD, Pereira SM, John TJ, Steinhoff M.
In polio-endemic countries, poliomyelitis should be
considered when children present as 'Bell's palsy'.
PMID: 2418767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Here shoonaksha along with facial palsy can also be
attributed to non polio enteroviral infections even which
have hemorrhagic conjunctivitis as one of the common
symptom even.
45. Considering ashtang symptoms now
Symptoms of hemiplegia are there or probably varying type of
paralysis have been elucidated here. As in spinal type of paralytic
poliomyelitis one two or more muscle palsy can be there.
There is weakness of some of the muscle of the neck abdomen trunk
OR EXTREMETIES thus causing natkandhara
Also paralysis cause bowel and bladder dysfunction causing
constipation also
Most importantly lack of improvement within one week or two is
evidence of permanent paralysis with permanent deformity
5 to 10% mortality rate
46. Common symptoms of graha roga can
be justified as per the following study
Findings suggest that paralytic polio survivors are at a
higher risk for epilepsy compared to normal subjects.
Epilepsy Res. 2012 Jan;98(1):72-5. doi:
10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.08.019. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Demir CF, Berilgen MS, Mungen B, Bulut S.
47. On vitiated milk causing skand
graha aavesh
Breast milk contains secretory IgA which imparts
immunity from polio. If in certain conditions the
breast milk got vitiated or immune system is not that
much active of mother due to apathya and these
IgA are not being made ample enough to impart to
develop immunity then the baby will automatically
be more prone to develop polio and other
infections as compared to the counterpart.
50. High grade fever
Recurrent loss of consciousness
Typical aural cry
Upward deviation of eyes
Stool and urine voiding
Frothing
All these symptoms are pointing toward epilepsy.
52. Vomiting frothy like
Stiffness of the body especially at neck and the body
stoops in the middle.
With upward gaze and typical face like laughing or
weeping
Leading to coma or convulsions with tight fists and jaw
and rhythmic convulsive movements of limbs.
Smells like a goat???
53. Meningitis
It could be understood as meningitis
Having symptoms fever with neck rigidity
Swelling of the brain tissue due to fluid accumulation.
vomiting, weight loss, headache and photophobia.
Irritability, mood swings and listlessness.
Low blood pressure, slow irregular pulse.
Papilledema is also one of its symptom
54. In babies and infants fever with hands and feet feeling
cold, vomiting, refusing feeds, high pitched crying, a dislike
of handling, neck retraction, a staring expression, difficulty
in waking and a pale or blotchy complexion.
Enteroviruses, the most common cause of viral meningitis
The virus is spread through this route mainly among small
children who are not yet toilet trained. It can also be
spread this way to adults changing the diapers of an
infected infant.
57. क्रोशनं च श्ववच्छुदन ??
Croup (or laryngotracheobronchitis) is a respiratory
condition that is usually triggered by an acute viral
infection of the upper airway. The infection leads to
swelling inside the throat, which interferes with normal
breathing and produces the classical symptoms of a
"barking" cough, stridor, and hoarseness.
58. It can be understood as an acute viral URTI along with croup.
Sudden rise in temperature will cause shivering and horiplication
can be elucidated.
Opisthotonos may occur in infants with meningitis. It may also occur
as a sign of reduced brain function or injury to the nervous system.
As per john clark (commentaries on disease of children) while
describing acute glotitis and laryngitis has described condition
where child seized with spasmodic inspiration, consisting of distinct
attempts to fill the chest, between which a squeaking noise is
made the eyes staring, and the child if paroxysm continue long the
head is thrown back and the spine bent as in opisthotonus.
59. Viruses that may cause croup include
metapneumovirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus,
enterovirus, measles virus, and herpes simplex virus.
Airways are narrowed by inflammation of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchi, as well as by heightened
production of mucus.
61. The initial cough, fever, vomiting and loose motions
and restlessness in the form of disoriented
movements
It is a very common scenario for a child with
enterovirus infection to develop fever and vomit a
few times on the first day of the illness.
Then shortly later develop mild abdominal pain and
mild diarrhea followed by symptoms of runny nose,
cough and a mild sore throat.
62. Symptoms of viral pneumonia
Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up mucus,
or even bloody mucus)
Fever, which may be mild or high,Shaking chills
Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs)
Other symptoms include:
Confusion
Excessive sweating and clammy skin
Low energy, and fatigue
Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you
breathe deeply or cough
Fatigue
63. Putana graha
स्रस्ताङ्ग: स्वदपदत सुखं दिवा न रात्रौ
दवि् दभन्सनं सृजदत च काकतुल्य गदन्सध:।
छद्यािऽऽतो हृदषततनुरुह कुमास्तिष्ृणालभुविदत च पतूनागदृहत:॥(S.U.27/12)
हहध्र्ाऽऽध्र्ानिं िकृद्भेद पििसा र्ुिननग्रह।(A.H.U. 3/20-21)
नतयाक्तप्रेक्षिरोदनिं।(M.Ni. BalRog.Chi. 25; Yo.R.)
64. First of all the fever is not present indicating toward non infectious
etiology of git symptoms but that will be not justified being a graha
roga
As the symptoms suggest the स्रस्ताङ्ग can be understood as loose
body to skin which is a sign of dehydration
Or many authors consider it to be laxed abdomen which is found in
case of hypokalemia but if that be the case here then diarrhea
wont be evident has that would have caused paralytic ileus.
65. Considering dehydration following diarrhea and vomiting in acute
infection like enterovirus will cause sudden loss of body fluids and
dehydration causing स्रस्ताङ्क्ग, this condition if with hyponatremic
dehydration due to plain water intake despite diarrhea may
cause
CNS irritability thus causing sleeplessness and making baby even
prone to seizures, which also justify graha roga general symptoms
even.
And in later stage may advance to dizziness and comatose like
condition probably described here as gaze at a particular point.
66. Serum sodium levels less than 120 mEq/L may result in seizures.
cerebral edema
bicarbonate loss in stool and ketone production
67. Sheetputana Graha
उदद्व्नो भृशमदतवेपते प्ररूद्यात्
संलीन स्वदपदत च यस्य चान्सत्रकूज।
दवस्राङ्गो भृशमदतसायिते च यस्तं
जादनयादिषदगह शीतपूतनात्तिम्॥(S.U. 27/14)
69. Now this can be understood as an acute viral gastroenteritis causing very
severe diarrhea as compared to putana even
Elucidated by circulatory failure like symptoms
The line related with shivering like symptoms can be either due to sudden rise
in temperature
It could be pointing toward hypocalcemia
In such case shock like symptoms wont be there.
Hence compiling up it could be a acute diarrhea with sudden loss of heavy
fluid which is causing shivering as in general also passage of stool do cause
loss of heat also from body. This explains the shivering best
70. Final correlation of graha with each
other
Now again since it is a viral etiology we are
considering here hence being taking unhygienic
condition and mental condition together immune
compromised state is constant here also hence this
disease even can advance to CNS.
71. Now yogratnakar has added netra roga here.
Likewise other acarya have explained netra roga in
andhaputana referring to vit.A deficiency (vide
infra)
It could be possible the yog ratnakar has added the
symptoms here or some patient with this graha roha
must be developing vitamin a deficiency even
73. Emaciation loss of appetite with fever point toward a chronic
diarrhea with infective etiology or
In long course due to malabsorptions, fat malabsortption to be
particular will cause deficiency of fat soluble vitamins in body.
i.e. Vitamin A,D,E,K
Vitamin A in particular will cause ocular manifestations as
Xerosis
Making eye vulnerable to conjunctivitis
74. Also Vitamin A deficiency will cause loss of skin continuity
and epidermal damage
Making skin dry and itchy
Also Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of URTI as
render the mucous membrane with less resistance thus
explaining symptoms of kasa hikka and jwar .
76. Like in Crohn's disease, the bile does not get a chance to react
and the end result is dark green colored diarrhea.
Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract. This
inflammation can prevent the absorption of vitamin B12, leading
to deficiency.
A study found that children suffering from Crohn's disease had
significantly higher numbers of enteroviruses in their
intestines compared to those in the control group - without
Crohn's disease.
77. Receptors for a group of enteroviruses were found in the intestinal
mucous linings and nerve cell ganglia, which gives insight into how
the virus enters the system of nerves in the intestine.
Interestingly, they also found that enteroviruses are also be stored in
nerve cells in the intestine and then spread via nerve fibers to other
parts of the intestine.
The authors said the results from this study "show, for the first time,
significant presence of HEV-B in the mucosa and enteric nervous
system of patients with ileocecal Crohn's disease (ICD)."
81. Enteroviruses affect millions of people worldwide each year, and
are often found in the respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or
nasal mucus) and stool of an infected person.
Poliovirus, as well as coxsackie and echovirus are spread through
the fecal-oral route. Infection can result in a wide variety of
symptoms ranging from mild respiratory illness (common cold),
hand, foot and mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,
aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, severe neonatal sepsis-like
disease, and acute flaccid paralysis.
83. The characteristic nodular feeling over abdomen
Variegated stools and progressive emaciation
Make the diagnosis of shushka revati toward
abdominal tuberculosis or hodgkins lymphoma
Or it could be chronic IBD (Revati) with stricture
developed looking as a palpable mass. i.e.
advanced stage of Revati
84. Signs of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma include
swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and
weight loss.
Fatigue, Anorexia, Itchy skin.
Fibrotic type TB - masses composed of mesenteric &
omental thickening, with matted bowel loops.
85. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Bartonella henselae infection are the
most commonly reported infectious causes of abdominal
lymphadenopathy in otherwise healthy children. In mononucleosis,
the accompanying malaise, pharyngitis, systemic
lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly often lead to the
diagnosis.
Approximately one-half of children with an EBV-related abdominal
lymphoproliferative disorder have abdominal pain; one-quarter
have enlarged liver or spleen, or present with an abdominal mass.
88. The vague features of altered pattern of appetite and
fever, with a dirty abdomen and prominent veins over it,
followed by irritability and generalized edema, giving a
bright shiny appearance to face and limbs. In
MUKHAMANDIKA
Resembles the picture of Indian Childhood cirrhosis
The urinary smell might be due to excessive sweating of
improper care of the child in changing the soiled lenin.
89. Haemagglutination test of Hoyt and Morrison was
recorded in 100 cases of Indian childhood cirrhosis
and was positive in 83 cases as against 2 out of 25
controls. The high rate of positivity favours a viral
aetiology
91. Common peculiar enterovirus infection syndrome is known
as hand, foot and mouth disease, in which the child
develops ulcers and blisters on the hands, feet and in the
mouth.
Child with hand foot and mouth disease may also have
blisters on the buttocks.
The most common cause of hand, foot and mouth disease
is coxsackievirus A16, although sometimes, the infection is
caused by enterovirus 71 or other enteroviruses.
96. In contrast to popular belief, sweat or perspiration has no smell. Yes, that is
certainly true, sweat doesn’t stink.
Our body produces 2 kinds of sweat: First is the apocrine, a thick substance
that is formed by glands in the scalp, underarm, and groin parts. Next one is
the eccrine. This is an odourless, clear sweat that appears on our entire body,
performing the important role of regulating the body’s temperature.
Body odour would then occur when perspiration is exposed to bacteria on our
skin. It is the combination of bacteria and sweat that causes the bad smell. This
arises in places wherein sweat could not evaporate easily for instance the
genital area or the underarm.
Toxins in the body can produce a bad odour. Eating a balance diet and
eliminating waste efficiently will prevent excretions
97. The key to getting rid of most body odours is to restrain the body’s
apocrine production and to reduce bacteria on the surface of our
skin.
Use anti-bacterial deodorant soap: Use antibacterial soap
everyday.
Thoroughly dry the feet after bathing: Bacteria increases in damp
places for example between the toes. To absorb moisture, use
powders like baking soda, cornstarch, or foot powders.
99. हन्तुकार्िं जयेद्धोर्:ै शसद्धर्न्िप्रवनतताै:।
इतरौ तु यर्ाकार्िं रनतर्ल्याहददानत:॥
(A.S.U.3/28)
Here treatment with mantra and
hawan have been emphasized and
similar adravyabhoota treatment for
rati also.
102. Ayurveda is a descendent of Atharvaveda so and it is
quite natural that Ayurvedic expounders thought it is
essential to include the faith methods as recognized
methods of treatment. Faith healing is practiced all over
the world with different methods aiming at single goal.
Daiva vyapashyraya methods create confidence and
remove the fear and passismistic tendencies. So much can
be achieved it may in some way directly help the patient
in gathering confidence.
103. ♨Vrata, yama, tyaga, seva maitribhava gurupuja etc.
(A.S.chi.22/88)
♨Daivavyapasraya was also done along with medical one. For
this fumigation, prayers, worship, oblation, japa of maha
mayuri, mrutyunjaya were commonly used
(harshacharita262-263:265)
104. ♨Usage of bali, homa, Havana etc as a shanty karma for the
grahas as one of the Ashtanga of Ayurveda called as bhuta
vidya.
(su.su.1/12)
♨The root ‘Man’ in the word Mantra comes from the first
syllable of the word meaning “to think” and ‘tra’ from ‘trai’
meaning “to protect or free” from the bondage of the
phenomenal world. A mantra generates the creative force and
bestows eternal Bliss.
105. ♨The fumigation, vaporization and subtlisation of specific substances in
the yajna fire constitute a verifiable scientific method of Sublimation
of matter and expansion of its colloidal state, generates ions and
energy with positive effects in the surrounding atmosphere through the
specific sonic waves of the mantras.
♨Experimental studies show that the incidences of physical
ailments, sickness and/ or diseases become less in the houses
where the yajna or agnihotra is regularly performed because it
creates a pure, hygienic, nutritional and healing atmosphere. It
renews the brain cells, revitalizes the skin, purifies the blood and
prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria. Agnihotra is basically a
healing process.
106. ♨Vaporized products diffused in the atmosphere are also subjected
to photochemical reactions in the sunlight. They undergo
photochemical decomposition, oxidation and reduction reactions.
♨To some extent even CO2 is also reduced to formaldehyde as
follows:
CO2 + H2O + 112,000 cal = HCHO + O2
♨From an environmental angle, the reduction of CO2caused by
yajóa as explained above and the liberation of oxygen cannot be
overemphasized. Similar kinds of other useful reactions take place
in the presence of specific radiations from the sunrays.
107. Isolation
Baby with graha roga is strongly suggested for complete
isolation
This room should be cleaned repeatedly twice or thrice. Fire
should be kept on burning with sarshapa taila & water should be
sprinkled to avoid dust. Those drugs which are having strong
aromatic smell & antiseptic properties and having Katu &
Kashaya Rasa are kept inside the room in the form of ash etc.
Bath with medicated water is also advised which can serve as
topic bacteriostatic thus helping in odour problem
110. Graha roga is a field yet to explored
It could’nt be related exactly to any disease or microbes.
But as the above conceptual analysis picornaviredae comprising
of enterovirus as its subclass resembles most with the graha roga
As earlier some non infectious disease were also correlated with
graha roga but the major treatment of isolation seems to be
illogical then.
Moreover an effort is being made by me to justify the common
symptoms and asadhya symptoms by showing some relation of
each graha with them
111. The concept of micro organism do also well with relating all graha
with viral etiology unless earlier some are thought to be non
infectious
One more concept support viral etiology, as they were being
made to safegyuard the kartikay. And it’s a well known point that
even ganges river are considered of safeguard via its bacterio
phagic virus similarly it could be said probably lord shiva only have
made some bacterio phagic virus to safe guard kartikay which
later on deployed as disease causing virus among children.
112. On average, enteroviruses cause about four infections per child per
year during the first several years of a child's life. Once a child has
had an infection with a specific enterovirus, the child is typically
immune to that particular virus for life
So, these are truly "pediatric viruses" primarily affecting children.
This is why a child may become ill with a certain enterovirus and the
parent usually will not become ill with that virus
113. The younger the infected person, the more severe the disease. Some very
young infants infected with an enterovirus may have the appearance of
sepsis (a severe bacterial infection of the blood) with high fever and
lethargy, requiring tests to investigate what is causing the illness.
Newborns who become infected with an enterovirus may rarely develop
an overwhelming infection of many organs, including liver and heart, and
die from the infection.
As we all know they are never being diagnosed at clinic basis…. So a attempt have been made here to understand it in the light of modern science knowledge..
Grahnaati graha
Due to such devastating effect of these graha, such stories were made to develop terror among people for these attaching them with god as the maker and describing there looks similar to demons so as people follow the rules of both swasthavritta along with sadvritta. Thus improving the hygiene and mental fitness and also proper diet making them healthy and immune.
Mother following unhygienic lifestyle, not following proper prayers or mangalacharna will become prone to invasion of more infectious agents in body. Also making baby terrorized, scolding him a lot beating him will render him psychologically and physically susceptible to develop infectious disease as compared to one cared with affection and love with hygienic conditions.
All these point toward …
Unhygenic mother and environment around child
Phychological unwell child
It’s a well known fact
The line darshan surya kranta have been used dealing with the devadya graha in unmade context… den the question arise r dey ssame
BUT ONE EXPLAINATION IS THEY ARE PHYSICAL ENTITY WID SOMATIC SYMPTOMS WHEREAS BHUTA IS MORE OVER A PSYCHOLOGICAL ENTITY FOR WHICH A SEPARATE BRANCH IS THERE AS BHOOTA.
WHEREAS THIS GRAHA TT HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN KAUMAR.. AS GRAHA SAMUTHANAM CHA VYADHINAM UPSHAMNARTHAM
…as the term graha have been used in unmaad context even in s.u.60. but reffering to dev bhoota etc graha…
As the etiology himsa rati archana are same for both…these can be understood as some microb only but type differs..
As here graha cause is same as ashuchi bhinnmaryada kshatam etc but the common symptom differs..
As kriya vaa amaanushi Yasmin….
making it more psychologic disease…but again they were called as pishacha also here S.U.60/3
That they are interested in eating asrig mansa…hence it could be INFECTIOUS ALSO IF CAUSED BY PISHACHA
One which occupies is called as graha
Now the symptoms explained here as
injury on tongue
Making Loud noise
Irritated, watering eyes, running nose
Foul smell
Applying mala mutra on body. Or appear to be doing so
Irregular hand movements. Like beating like actions
Beating himself with whatever coming in his hands
Not having control on his movements.
Among the many viruses that have been associated with the development of encephalitis are arboviruses, coxsackie, rubella, measles, herpes simplex, flavivirus (Japanese encephalitis), and cytomegalovirus.
Going by the word rati here one explanation could be .. As they are the cause of graha aavesha.. So taking rati as the cause or sexual thing..it can be said that some pathogen the graha are invading the body to complete their sexual cycle. But for this we have to consider the symptoms as saanketik
Going through symptoms wise no exact scientific analysis could be made but considering infection as the cause and the symptoms following postulation explains it best. A infection wid temporal lobe epilepsy as outcome as supported by the study
As the name describe the pathogen which attach in order to be taken care of, to get nourishment to get prayed from the host. Considering this the above symptoms describe infectious conditions causing weakness in body by eating up of nutrients from body.
In the case of CMV, this usually does not pose a risk to the infant since serious disease is prevented by placentally transferred maternal antibody. However, in HIV infection, breast-feeding increases the risk of maternal-fetal transmission by about 25% with late breast-feeding (after six months of age) constituting a particular risk.
Oushda beshaja indhriya adhayaya
The baby yawns, becomes frightened,looks dull
Frothy secretion from mouth, upward gaze, lips and tongue biting, insomnia
Crying with kunjana (shrill cry or hight pitched cry) change in voice, not accepting the feeds
Moving the nails hitting himself or mother
Also sushruta has explained following more symptoms.
Loss of consciousness
Grinding of teeth
Weakness, dirty body
Emitting fishy or rodent like or rotten smell can be attributed to passage of stool in body causing bad smell
Stabdha (not moving) eyes, not taking feeds, getting unconscious repeatedly along with appearance of all the symptoms of the particular graha roga at a time will be having bad prognosis.
Falling of hairs, not taking food, change in voice, change in colorcrying with foul smell like a vulture,
And the most important palpable lymph nodes in abdomen with changing consistency or color of stool (could be blood tinged or undigested digested or foul smelling), dry tongue, blackening of palate or cyanosed palate
Here it can be understood as due to severe immune compromised stage graha roga affected baby is very much prone to develop tuberculosis
And with chronicity of tb the above asadhya symptoms could occur….
Swelling over eyes, not taking feeds, one side of face paralysed, reddening of eyes, unable to cry clearly, passing hard stool with pressure
Sushruta has also added…
Tears from one eyes only, one side of body paralysed, droping of shoulder, upward gaze etc
Polio virus after reaching the peyers patches through GIT multiplies and selectively attack the anterior horn cells of spinal cord. There is fever for a day followed by pain and stiffness into muscles and the LMN type of paralysis.
.
We planned this study to investigate the frequency of epilepsy in paralytic polio survivors. We analyzed the clinical data of 91 paralytic polio survivors. Patients who had been diagnosed with epilepsy were examined by electroencephalography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. 11 of the 91 patients had epilepsy (12%). The mean age at which the patients were exposed to acute poliomyelitis was 5.3±3.8 years (age range: 1-13). The mean age of epilepsy onset was 17±5.6 (age range: 4-25) in the epileptic patients.
As the prodromal symptoms and general symptoms are of febrile convulsions and here grand mal seizure are described hence it can be concluded that febrile convulsion due to skandapasmar as etiological agent have higher preponderance toward developing epilepsy later on!!
The early symptoms like kasa atisara vamana hikka aadhman points towards early viral infection which is causing git symptoms predominantly for eg non polio enterovirus.
Which later on involving cns as evident by symptoms of meningeal irritation and symptoms upward gaze can be considered due to effect on cranial nerve or its nucleus supplying eyes.
Or due to enteroviral conjunctivitis. Later on unilateral swelling could also be due to increased icp. Which is common in tubercular etiology involving cns.. Hence it can be a viral enteroviral infection superimposed with tubercular infection or just a viral infection only
incidence wise tbm is more common in age grp of preschool to early school age.
are most often spread through direct contact with respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) of an infected person. This usually happens by shaking hands with an infected person or touching something they have handled, and then rubbing your own nose or mouth. The virus can also be found in the stool of persons who are infected.
The incubation period for enteroviruses is usually between 3 and 7 days from the time you are infected until you develop symptoms. You can usually spread the virus to someone else beginning about 3 days after you are infected until about 10 days after you develop symptoms.
Opisthotonos may occur in infants with meningitis. It may also occur as a sign of reduced brain function or injury to the nervous system.
The differential diagnosis in a case of suspected human rabies may initially include any cause of encephalitis, in particular infection with viruses such as herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and arboviruses such as West Nile virus. The most important viruses to rule out are herpes simplex virus type one, varicella zoster virus, and (less commonly) enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, polioviruses, and human enteroviruses 68 to 71.
Patients usually contract these viruses via the standard mechanisms by which aerosolized viral illnesses are contracted (e.g., direct inhalation, contamination of the hands followed by touching the mucosa of the eyes, nose, or mouth). The incubation period is two to six days. Following inoculation, the progression of the viral invaders is to the nasal mucosa and trachea.
Fever and cough along with restlessness, horriplication, suddenly become terrified and start crying and appears like in pre convulsive state
dead body like smell??
Along with kasa atisara vamthu giving a viral etiological picture wid gastroenteritis.
As vivarna can be attributed to dehydration also
Common causes of hypertonic dehydration are:
, prolonged fevers, diarrhea,
Clinical manifestations of hypernatremia can be subtle, consisting of lethargy, weakness, irritability, neuromuscular excitability, and edema.
Now child while breathingwill not tell stabbing chest pain rather on mild activity only he suddenly start crying
Relaxed body, apathy, sleeplessness, diarrhea, smell like crow
Vomiting, horriplication, thirst as per sushruta
Again bagbhat has said abdominal distention urinary retention also.
But fever cannot be considerd as a marker of infection always as among children especially with immunocompromised state body wont be causing fever whih is a immune response during infections.
In hyponatremic volume depletion, the person may appear more ill clinically than fluid losses indicate. The degree of volume depletion may be clinically overestimated. If intravascular free water excess is not corrected during volume replenishment, the shift of free water to the intracellular fluid compartment may cause c edemaClinicians may observe derangements of acid-base balance with volume depletion. Some degree of metabolic acidosis is common, especially in infants.Hypovolemia causes decreased tissue perfusion and increased lactic acid production. Decreased renal perfusion causes decreased glomerular filtration rate, which, in turn, leads to decreased hydrogen (H+) ion excretion. These factors combine to produce a metabolic acidosis.
Irritated and shivering
Crying followed by sleep
Bowel sounds
Foul odour from body along with severe diarrhea
Acarya bagbhat has also added lethargic symptoms as in putana of lying and staring at one point and importantly coldness at one parshva????
Yo.rt has also describes netra roga here only
As parshvasya ekasya can be understood as in shock like condition or acute water loss will cause shifting of blood to major organ only and peripheral vaso constriction causing peripheral crcltry failure causing limbs and skin to appear cold as compared to core temperature.
, but in that case fever would have been a symptom or
due to diarrhea giving tetany like symptoms but in that case it need to be a chronic type.
As the three putana are very much similar but different presentation of gastroenteritis due to various subgroups of enterovirus hence it could be possible to have different clinical picture being overlapping each other as commonly seen in many infections.
Not taking feeds, with diarrhea, kasa , hikka (urti symptoms), VOMITING ALONG WITH FEVER
Change in colour of skin, lying on abdomen, acidic smell
Also other acrya has added emaciation, visual acuty getting down, itching, conjunctivitis, or blindness since birth
infections as lachrymal washing of eyes having lots of lyzozymes is one of the major protective mechanism of eyes thus making eyes prone to conjunctivitis
Redding of face, greenish stool, anemia, fever, stomatitis
Rubs eyes and nose and ears.
These symptoms point towards crohn disease causing b12 deficiency thus anemia and enterovirus as etiology of same ..as also have urti as common complaint.
And symptoms as per y.r also explains the etiology to be enterovirus as they may sometimes cause ulcers or rashes or bleeding lesions over skin face, greenish stool,
Crohn's is an inflammatory bowel disease. The inflammation causes the bowel to empty frequently. When the digested food makes its way through, bile is normally absorbed into the digested food, helping to break it down and creating the normal brown color. When the digested food is rushed through the system,
This group or family of viruses includes the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. In addition to the three different poliovirus strains, there are 61 non-polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans: 23 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 4 other enteroviruses that are designated by numbers.
Aversion to food with stools of variegated colour
Emaciation. The abdomen presents a nodular feel with prominent veins. It runs a chronic course and the child gradually become emaciated and the skin becomes discolored. The hair become thin and brittle.
Eagle like smell.
Or the palpable mass of abdomen along with pregressive loss of weight and weakness can be attributed to Hodgkins lymphoma.
Vitamin D – Recent evidence demonstrated TB infection does not clear well in patients with low vitamin D.
Enterovirus VP1, RNA and non-cytopathic viruses were detected in the stomach biopsy specimens of CFS patients with chronic abdominal complaints. A significant subset of CFS patients may have a chronic, disseminated, non-cytolytic form of enteroviral infection, which could be diagnosed by stomach biopsy.
Vague features of altered pattern of appetite, either the appetite is lost or become voracious
The abdomen becomes dirty with prominent veins
The child become irritable and weak and withered body
Generalized edema with the hands, feet and face looking bright and shiny
Low grade fever with urinary smell
Crops of painful burning, blisters over joints, or limbs,
Ulcers over tongue and palate neck
The crops comes at night and get melted by morning???
Constitutional symptoms of diarrhea and depressed body
Frightened look
Avian smell
And the symptom of loose stool can be attributed to general viral symptoms …found normally with enterovirus.
After an incubation period of 4–6 days, patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease present with fever,
anorexia, and malaise; these manifestations are followed by the devel-
opment of sore throat and vesicles (Fig. 184-1A) on the buccal mucosa
and often on the tongue and then by the appearance of tender vesicular lesions on the dorsum of the hands, sometimes with involvement
of the palms. The vesicles may form bullae and quickly ulcerate. About
one-third of patients also have lesions on the palate, uvula, or tonsillar
pillars, and one-third have a rash on the feet (including the soles) or
on the buttocks. The disease is highly infectious, with attack rates of
close to 100% among young children. The lesions usually resolve in 1
week. Most cases are due to coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71.
An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan in 1998 resulted
in thousands of cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease or herpangina.
Severe complications included CNS disease, myocarditis, and pulmo-
nary hemorrhage. About 90% of those who died were children ≤5
years old, and these deaths were associated with pulmonary edema or
pulmonary hemorrhage. CNS disease included aseptic meningitis,
flaccid paralysis (similar to poliomyelitis), or rhombencephalitis with
myoclonus and tremor or ataxia. The mean age of patients with CNS
complications was 2.5 years, and MRI in cases with encephalitis usual-
ly showed brain-stem lesions. Follow-up of children at 6 months
showed persistent dysphagia, cranial nerve palsies, hypoventilation,
limb weakness, and atrophy
And attack of bacteria is facilitated by immune compromised state being developed in graha rogas in general.
. Doing the math, 61 possible infections at 4 infections per year means that a typical child is immune to most enteroviruses by the time they are an adult.
. However, everyone is potentially at risk. Infants, children, and adolescents are more likely to be susceptible to infection and illness from these viruses, but adults can also become infected and ill if they do not have immunity to a specific enterovirus.