2. The problem and its Background

3. Balut a popular Philippine streets foods snacks that challenges
even the most exotic foodies worldwide. Also know as an aphrodisiac
and definitely a unique food experience that always available at night
through vendors that’s rove the streets of the Philippines especially in
Pateros which is the smallest land area and the only first rated urban
municipality where its popularity has become a tremendously a mighty
word to all walks of life in the Philippine and the world for its famous
industry of duck raising And the the world renewed egg balut
(www.paraisophilippines

4. Pateros the Philippine duck egg capital in Southeast of
Manila, It is smallest of seventeen cities and municipalities
comprising the metropolitan Manila. Pateros before the time
1700 was only a barrio of Pasig called “Aguho” or
“Embarcadero”. Aguho was derived from the name of
numerous shady trees planted along the Pateros River, while
“Embarcadero “means a small port. As a port, Pateros was the
focal point of trade and commerce not only for the entire
municipality of Pasig but also for the neighboring towns. It also
served as a harbor for the Malay, Chinese, Swedish and
Indian vessels that periodically called to disembark
merchandise( www.wikipilipinashipnfree.com)

5.  The name The name Pateros came from the Tagalong words “pato” the
duck that lays the eggs for balut making, and sapatero the word for
shoemakers. These were the reasons why Pateros as the most
progressive barrio of Pasig was given the name Aguho or
embarcadero. The Chinese trader who eventually settle in the town
introduced the famous balut industry and alfombra-slipper making.
 But the sound and stable income of Pateros led to issuance by
the Spanish governor general of a decree in 1700 creating it as
a municipality. In 1896, When the Philippine revolution broke out
many Pateros inhabitant joined the katipunan in the struggle for
freedom from the Spanish rule. These patriots attached the
Spanish soldiers fortified at the Pasig church the following year,
The Spaniards retaliated, and after burning Pasig, swooped
down on Pateros, Malapad na bato and Taguig. On August
06,1898. Pateros joined the revolutionary government of Emilio
Aguinaldo.

6.  On march 29,1990 Pateros was made a municipality by virtue
of general order No.40 Act. No. 137 of the Philippine
Commission promulgated on June 11, 1901 incorporated
Pateros with newly created province of Rizal. Two years later
(October 12,1903), Act. No.942 consolidated Pateros, Taguig
and Muntinlupa for purposes of economy and centralization,
with Pateros as the seat of municipal government.
On March 2 2,1905 the municipality of Pateros was change to
was change to “municipality of Taguig”. Later, executive order
No.20 dated February 29,1908 Separated Pateros from
Taguig. Pateros regained its independent status as
municipality on January 1, 1909 by virtue of executive order
No. 36. On November 07, 1975, Pateros became part of the
metropolitan Manila through Presidential Decree no.924.

7.  To day Pateros is popularity has become a mighty word to all a
walks of life in the Philippines and in the world for its famous
industry of duck rising and the world renowned egg
balut.(www.tripatlas.com)
.(www.wikipilipinashipnfree.com)(www.dot.com)

8.  Balut making is a traditional industry in Pateros which the
legacies that people are still preserving until this generation.
 In this study we will trace the historical background, location of
balut industry in Pateros and determines the other factor that
lead to the growth and decline of the said industry, thus this
study would help the potential Balut entrepreneur to know
more about the historical and economic aspects of the
industry.
 This study will help potentials entrepreneur discover area for
innovation in balut industry.
 This study will be also use of the high school students, college
students, graduate students and researchers as their
respective studies. Also, this study will enable balut industry
appreciate the important contribution of the balut industry in
Pateros.

9.  And lastly this study can also provide information to balut
distribution, agents and manufacturer, these individuals help
create employment, this they may need about the industry,
which will allow them to affect contribution to the employment
of future generation in Pateros.

10.  The study focused primarily on the problem encountered by
the balut industry in Pateros metro manila.
 The study also aims to empirically investigate the location
market, traditional making of balut industry in pateros that
make it place as a legacy of hand making of balut.
 Balut wholesaler and balut vendor are the respondents of the
survey conducted to gets the data about problem encountered in
pateros.


11.  Balut- refers to an egg of a duck
 Duck – refers to an animal or domesticated swimming birds
 Vendor – refers to a person who sell something In the streets
 Native – refers to a old thing in a certain place
 Abnory – refers to a reject of certain thing
 Tradition – refers to an old people or culture of a place
 Sapatero – refers to a shoemaking
 Eggs – refers to an egg of a chicken and duck
 Production – refers to the making of a product
 Supply – refers in providing and satisfying a certain business
due to sufficiency.

12.  This study deals with an examination of the problem by the balut
industry in Pateros metro manila
 Specifically problem
 Specifically it sought to answer the following sub problem
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
the followings variables?
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil Status
1.4Occupation

13. 2. how do the respondents rate the problem on encountered by the balut
industry in Pateros Metro Manila
2.1 Internal Environment
 Competition on the prices of balut within the Pateros area.
 Spoiled balut and penoy causing food poisoning and gastrointestinal
problem.
 Risk on the safety of balut vendor
 Flood in the low lying area
 Lack of supply from the supplier within the area of Pateros
2.2 External Environment
 Seasonal variation in demand and supply of balut
 Growing of poultry and consumption tremendously
 Balut production has not mechanized in favor of the tradition
production by hand.
 Future demand for balut is likely to be affected by changing lifestyle and
consumer preference in an increasingly urbanized and westernized
society
 lack of support of the government to the balut industry

14.  The conceptual model that will be used in this study
is the input - process - output model where in a
series of boxes are connected. The frirst steps
shows the problem that occur in the industry second
is how will it be conducted so that can gather data
and then last clarification, solution and conclusion on
the problem.

16.  The related literature abd studies reviewed on this chapter which
were written by local and foreign authors gave valuable information
so the researchers could undertake the present studies on the
problem encountered by the balut industry in pateros Metro Manila.
 Local literature
 Accordinbg to the wikipilipinas.org the history of balut making is
not native to the philippiners. A similar preparation is known in
china as maodan and chinese traders and migrant are said to
have brought the idea of eating fertilized duck egg to the
philippines. However the knowledge and craft of balut making has
been localized by the balut makers(mangbabalut). Today balut
production has not been mechanized in favor of the traditional
production by hand. Although balut makers are produced
througout the philippines, balut makers in pateros are renowed for
their careful selection and incubation of the egg.

17.  According with Mick Fenix he posted an article 2009 under food
selection of the philippines daily inquirer on the fear factor in pateros.
In this article, he arrived at the following idea:
 Every corner advertise balut for sale plus salted egg in pateros
where in a balut product industry.
 Eggs came from places where duck are tended near the river
including the bulacan and some towns in rizal and laguna like victoria
that are near in laguna lake.
 Most of the eggs are processed in pateros
 Some are already doing processed where the egg comes from but
are brought to pateros because the place has a cached on balut
making
 Abnoy a filipino colloquil word for abnormal. Balut considered by
many people as to exotic but abnoy is a balut where chicks embryo
has died and is therefore rotting. The abnoy can be bought at the
market but it is rarely available

18.  According to www.regiondost.gov.ph last june 2008 theres an
article that says about duck raising inland varities that duck
raising and the balut production are often associated with
pateros and either bayside areas. But inland duck raising can
be as profitablen as riverside duck raising especially with
some duck varities that prefer to water. Ducks are easier to
raise than chicken they gain weight easily and are more
resistant to sick and disease on varieties the native or pateros
duck farm known as itik is the most popular locally vbecause it
used for balut industry although smaller than imported breeds
they lay eggs frequently but not hatch them thus they are
called non sitters.

19.  According to Izah Morales of philippine inquire.net 2008 she talks
about balut that featured in one town one product philippines(OTOP)
A program of the department of trade and industry geared towards
supporting micro,small and meduim enterprises in manufacturing
distinctive products. Through the use of local and inddigenous raw
material.
 According to henrylito Tacio where in he posted last 2009 under
income booster and poultry that each can balut produced 40percent
to 45 percent return on investment. An additional 15 percent would
come from the lower quality of balut known as penoy. For a duck egg
to becom a balut 16 to 18 days must elapse while it is being
incubated in the balutan. Balut is sold at P10 to P12 per
piece,Generally balut is eaten with a pinch of salt ,though some balut
eaters prefer chili and vinegar to complement their egg. The egg is
savored fo its balance of texture and flavor, the both surrounding of
embryo is sipped from the egg before the shell is peeled and the yolk
and young chick inside can be eaten all of the content of the egg are
consumed.

20.  According to Dr Ernesto Gonzales an asian research center 2009 demonstrate the
through integrated socio economic ecologic reserach in pateros the municipality that
once the balut capital of luzon In this studies he arrived at the following ideas:
 Pateros in 1960 was a prosperous town, occupying 1038 hectares of land, 11,377
households and 3,732 duck producing 100,000 eggs per month which means that over
1000,000 duck eggs could be produced per year.
 Pateros in the 1970 changes began to take plave, marked by a massive increase of the
population as a result of the eviction from the Manila during the early years of Martial
Law as a result Dr. Gonzales applies a more integrated analysis in Pateros.
 Social and ecological factor that result show a bleaker picture aith a sustainability ratio
per household member of 0.012, meaning that the residual natural and cultural capital
are no longer sufficient to sustain the inhabitants,
 The crux of the matter in Dr. Gonzales study is that there exist a tipping point, or what he
terms as an inflection point in the transitionof a community or a country from a positive
ration sustainability to negative sustainability.
 The challenges is to achieve progress to a positive sustainability ration. We have a chance
if our policies are base on a convergence of disciplinein approach and analysis
recognizing the interdependence of ecology, economy and society. Ignoring this
approach will be more costly than the loss of our Balut Industry.

21.  According to the Up News Letter, October 2010 by the Bernice P. Varona analyze that
most Filipinos are familiar with Balut or boiled fertilized duck egg. Although some are
squemish about trying this delicacy because the duckling is a half a way formed when
eaten. Balut and Salted Eggs product from the mallard duck are still staple in Filipinos
diet, thus they arrived in this kind of studies.
 The team project applied animal biotechnology for the improvement of the Philippine
mallard duck aims to find way to create quality and sustainable duck production through
genetic characterization and improvement and to find ways to improve effect on the
ducks. One example of the latter would be looking through compatible feeds and
housing which would ensures the good health of the duck.
 The team aimed to identify and characterized the various genetic groups of mallard duck
through physical and molecular characterization. Usually the ordinary balutan(buyer or
seller of egg) fertilized the eggs and chick for commercial production without properly
identifying the breeds of the ducks. Thus is due to the fact that stock of mallard duck
available are heterogeneous in terms of feather color, size and productivity. Proper
molecular characterization of the duck used in commercial and breeder stocks through
Single Simple Repeat(SSR) based on DNA finger printing will provide a more reliable way
of differentiating the breeds. It can therefore and in creating effective duck breeding
programs for both producing eggs and raising meat.

22.  According with The University of the Philippines at Los Baños,
Institute of animal science, the Philippine demand outlook
facing commercial poultry sector(broiler and layers) is positive,
due to the production and anticipated income and population
growth in the country. However the Philippine poultry industry
is still considered inefficient relative to the world’s best
practices. This means that the commercials sector is facing
increasing threats from import as the world major poultry
producers contribute to promote their product and aggressive
marketing strategies. To comple, the technologies, reduce
input costs and improve marketing efficiency.

23.  According to the Regional Agri Food Trade Commisioner, Southeast Asia and
Embassy of Canada Philippines 2009. The products covered by this report are
directly linked to agrifood commodities that are produced by Canadian
Farmers like barley, wheat and oats, and those with secondary links to such
product like Canola meal, whev and other industrial waste product taht can be
used in feeds.
 In this study says that the Philippine livestock industry is covered by the
national agricultural development plan known as Philippine “ Agriculture
2020”. This plan has a goal of boosting Agricultural output by about 7% per
annum over the period between 2005 and 2020 which has a focus on raising
income levels in rural areas and amongst farming households which has three
focuses that are relevant to demand for animal and aquacultural feed:
 Fishery development which has been highlighted as a high growth area of
potential for the Philippine over the period.
 Poultry product production for the export market.
 Commercial tie ups between private business and livestock farmers,
smallholders in the area of both meat all forms and dairy products.

24.  According to Dr. Rachel Polestico, executive director of the the
Appropriate technology center of Cagayan de Oro City Xavier
University that ducks in the rice paddies effectively reduces the
emission of the green house gas methane. Where methane produce
when bacteria decomposes organic matter, is the second most
important, greenhouse studies on global warming, about one quarter
of global methane emission from human activities comes from
livestock and decompostion of animal mamure.

25.  According to october 2007 tim camron on his articel the6 most
terrifying foods in the world is about the people can find foods in this
world that dont even seems possible. Not just that they could exist,
but the people would actually stick this stuff in their mouths without a
gun to their head and its syas that our own balut which the top 1 in
the most terrying foods in the world. In cambodia and philippine and
the fifth and seven level of hell. They are typycally sold by streets
vendor at night out of buckets of warm sand. You can spots the
vendor fraint otherworly sound of children scraming.

26.  According to Stefan Anite last 2007 on her article the top 10
weirdest chinese foods wrote about westerners are some kind
of barbariance in the in the eyes of chines. This article arrives
at the following idea.
 Balut(boiled duck embryos) better known from the philippines
but it has a chinese origin. In china it is called moadan (hairy
egg) moadan is serves skewered
 Fertilized duck egg are left on average 12 days and then
boiled. The nearly developed embryo is consumed in shell.
Moadan is thought to be an aprodisiac and it is in fact a high
protein herat snacks. The flavor is savory abd delicious, the
texture is satisfying which made the western travelers
surpassed the isea of eating something with soft and feathers.

27.  According to the health promotion board of singapore one called egg
yolks weigthing about 70 g contains 359 mg of cholesterol. The
recommended cholesterol in take for healthy diet should be less than
300mg a day. A single salted egg yolks exceeds the recommended
cholesterol intake and if eaten regularly, there mighjt be a grater risk
of elevating blood cholesterol level. However many health experts in
the west and in the rest of asia beleive not all the cholesterol in an
egg can be absorbed, thus the actual negative impact is much less,
although net established at this time.

28.  According to heide M. Pascual 2006 journalist of the year for the state of
wisconsin (us-sba says that balut is a very important food that has made
filipinos very famous all over the worlkd . what makes balut famous abd often
notorious is how the western media describes it abd use it to scare or shocks
people. Balut is a taboo food item in some western cultures because the egg has
an embryo it it, otfen complete with soft and dark feathers. In a way ,there is a
baby it it and western folks hate looking at cooked babies regardless of its
kind. Do to meat something like it an unborn fetus must be shocking,shameful
and reprehensible. It is appaling just to think about doing so, night balut eating
has been featured repeatedly in some television shows to disgust contestant
and challeges their stomachs such as in extreme cuisine,fear factor, the
amazing race asia 2, survivor : palau and travel chanels,bizarre food with
andrew zimmern . to a filipino and most asian however it is a very important
source of protein which is much cheaper thean chicken pork or beef. It is a
delicacy that when eaten together by a family or friend s a gathering that
ethazing. Most importantly it is a major source of income for many poor
people who lives depends on selling balut everyday.

29.  According to the journal of small business management by
frese michael 2006 about the entrepreneurship in the streets
food sector of vietnam micro and small scale business have a
major influence inthe economy of a country, be it for the
reason that they create jobs and provide an income for the
population in vietnam, practices in conducting small business
determines to a large extent how well averages families live
(what goes on in the village or city market) an important part of
the urban in formal micro business is the streets food sector.
Not much is known of the entrepreneurial activities of vietnam
micro business owners in the streets foods vendors. Most of
the business in this sector arre not for malized and are
therefore outside regulations and outside protection of the
government.

30.  According to food and fertilizer technology center 2007 Hanoi
vietnam small scales duck production mixed substantial contribution
to hopuseholds foods security in developing country i8n asia it also
helps diversify incomes and provide quality food energy and
renewable assets and many rural households duck easily adapots to
vcarious adverse environment6 and our well resistant to a viriety
anima diseases. They can grow well with locally available feed
needed and less man power is needed to raise them even under
meagerly equipped facility so that even women and aged people are
able to easily manage the production. However small scales
producers are contrained by poor access to appropriate technologies
and information as well as markets and supports services which
could otherwide substantially improve productivity and income
generation.

31.  According to the world bank 2005 the rice growers on the
philippines the golden snails is a pest eating its way through
rice puddies,destroying crops.but to the philippines mallards
duck farmers, the golden snails are important source a good
alternative to expenskive commercial feeds for rice growers
their are simply too many golden snails. Snails in the station
destroy up to 60% of rice crop, so farmers have often relied
on chemical to control the snails resulting to environmental
degredation and ic=ncreasing their own production cost. But
for duck farmers, the snails are in short supply in lakes ara
where mallard ducks farm dedging and pollution have cost
both the golden snails and the other indingenous varities to be
depleted.

32.  According to Uludag University,faculty of agriculture , department of
social science bursci 16059 turkey climate is an important factor of
agricultural activity . the fundamental role of agriculture in human
welfare concern has been express by many organization andother
regarding the potential effect of climate changes an agricultural
productivity. Interest of this matter changes in agriculture over the
past decade. Climate change is expected to agricultural and
livestock production, hydrolic balances,inputs supply and other
components of agricultural system

33.  According to the the third ethical theory : cultural relativism posted by dontread 2009 under
philosohy the theory is cognitive and subjective too. Ethical sucjectivism on the individual
experience while the cultural relativism is base on cultural experience. The justification of the
human acts are base on the opinion, beliefs and knwoledges of the culture of the community
which we hold to be true and correct. For instance our culture of eating balut (broiled ducks eggs)
, it is just so easy for us to eat while other foreigners wont eat this kibd of food. However, this is
not a moral case. To make it valid case instead of balut changes it to a fetus. Rumors said that in
some cultures a fetus is widely accepted and categorized as a food. They can be spotted and be
bought in the marketplace even in broad daylight. Example of cultures that are justifid in one
community bu t neglected in the other are the following:
 Cannibalism
 Same sex marriage
 Cloning
 Woment as property
 Slaver
 Suicide bombings
 Human sacrifice or offerings
 Ethnic cleansing
 Critics of cultural relativism
 Culture cant be an absolute criterion . different cultures can cause conflicts .
 Oppressive tendency
 Disastrous for the weak and the defenseless.
 In the movie “the island”, if its a culture that values life the it invalidates cloning. But if its culture is
utilitarianism with the use of the maximum technology then it validates cloning as its was
mentioned the new american dream
 “ all the is necessary for the triumph of evils is that good men do nothing”
 -Edmund Burke-

34.  According to USDA they provide an annual reports last 2005
about philippine poultry and products and they arrive in this
following idea, the Philippine Department of Agriculture had
forecat broiler output to decline in 2005, due mainly to a
reported decline in day old chicks importation last year.
Consumption of broilers meat is projected to contract this year
due to a projected slow down in the philippines economy and
raising retail prices of chicken. Due tothe projected decline
broiler decline output imports of chicken meats,particularly leg
quarters, are expected to increase this year. Export of value
added chicken product to japan including Us chicken meat that
is for further process on in the philippines, have been halted
since due to a reported defection of avian influenza.
