3. • located in the centre of Ba Dinh Square
• wish to be cremated and to have his ashes scattered in the hills of north,
central, and southern Vietnam. => "more hygienic than burial and would
also save land for agricultural purposes.“ mausoleum: for citizens to show
respect
• Construction work : September 2, 1973
• Opening: August 29, 1975
Every person: at least one Hanoian volunteer working day to build the
mausoleum
• 1 week before it started: rainy- stopped raining- sky supported
4. • 1st time : built a mausoleum ourselves with cement ( support from Soviet
but not enough time)
Inspired by Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow , distinct Vietnamese architectural
elements (sloping roof)
Structure: strong, prevent earthquake
21.6 metres high
41.2 metres wide
• Best materials from all the country: marble, granite in Thanh Hoa, Sand in
Hoa Binh
• Lines of visitors: pay respect at the mausoleum every day.
• Rules regarding dress and behaviour: strictly enforced by staff and guards
5. • Grass: mats for citizens to gather (168 squares)
• 79 Cycas Revoluta Plants
Banner: Long live the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
• President HCM live forever in our career
• Most well known Lodestar: Nothing is more important than independence
• Bamboo ranges: defense for the mausoleum, national trees- represent the
spirit: fertility, power; past: weapon to protect our country from French
7. • Built by French
• Completed in 1906
• (1954) Uncle Ho: refused to live in the grand
structure for symbolic reasons
• Now: hosts government meetings (not open to
the public)
• Welcome delegates from all over the world,
• Public: Not allowed to visit
• Now president: x live here, just work (learn
from HCM)
8. • Yellow: color of royalty in feudalism- as high as
king- show the power, outstanding in the
garden in the whole complex
• HCM wanted to build a school for children (
welcome children from all countries)
• The complex : 400 rooms- now destroyed
9. •
• Houses for officials in past
• 3 cars used when he was alive
• Cars: gifts
• 1st car: Soviet Union
• 2nd car: long distance, bumpy road, gift from
Vietnamese people in France
• 3rd car: Birthday gift from Soviet Union- around
city
11. • (1954- 1958,) HCM lived in No. 54 – with electrical workers (after he came
back from Viet Bac)
• Structure: Simple
• Kitchen, Bedroom
• Dining room: + invite guests to use meals with him
• + radio: when he felt lonely=> human’s voice; news from soldiers,
Vietnamese students from abroad
• + clock: It seems to be still working – keep the moment
• He cleaned up himself – no need others’ help=> X consider President-
ordinary person
12. • meal: simple- fish, vegetables, dua muoi ca
• Working room: pictures: Karl Marx, Lenin
- his best teachers- communism- path to follow
• doll: Japan
• wine container: Portugal
13. • Fish pond: garden- pond-cage
• Hard work- feed the fish
• How to call fish: clap hands (fish habit)
• Harvest fish around his birthday – deliver staff
14. • Peacock: gift from Hanoi zoo
• When Uncle Ho went abroad, he tried to bring animals to send to Hanoi
zoo- for children to play
• Mango Road/ path built by Viet Nam
Mango Road: exercise discuss problems with followers
Lots of trees here planted by HCM , his followers
All mangoes sent from the South-
Fruits sent to soldiers in the past
Now :to staff
• Working place: mind: flexible- fresh
Hold a conference with soldiers
16. • Buddha root trees: 40 years
• 1958- 1969
• 2 levels
+1st floor: meeting with soldiers- iron helmet
+ 2nd floor: 2 rooms: curtain- summer, winter
• too weak to climb upstairs, downstairs
• Last days: Small house: convenient (this house has no bathroom and
kitchen => he would come back to House No.54 => saving, simple, flexible
18. • Dien Huu= long-lasting happiness
• 1049: Ly Thai Tong
• Legend: Lý Thái Tông was childless and dreamt that he met the Female
Buddha, who handed him a baby son while seated on a lotus flower =>
had a son=> erecting a pillar in the middle of a lotus pond, similar to the
one he saw in the dream.
• Pond: square-earth
• Yin and yang
• 1945: bomb
• Rebult: 2000 - restoration
• 2012: most unique architecture
• Symbolize longetivity, happiness, show respect, gratitude
• Today: couples pray to have children
20. • from above: a white lotus flower
• Designed by a Russian architect
• Trong Dong: mark different stages ( a gift from Thanh Hoa)
• 3 floors
• a collection of artifacts, miniatures and various gifts gathered nationally
and internationally(description written in English and Franc)
22. • Temple of Confucius
• hosts the Imperial Academy – first national University (the final courtyard
– 1076 – the first national university)
• built in 1070 (Ly Thanh Tong)
• Khue Van Cac featured on the back of the 100,000 VND
23. • Pillars: ha ma – mark the scared land
• 1st gate: 3 doors: tam quan
• 5 court yards: +5 elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water
+ 5 relationships of confucianism:
Husband and wife
Parent and child
Elder sibling and younger sibling
Elder friend and younger friend
Ruler and subject
+ scared number in spiritual life
27. • Khue Van Cac (originally x belong to the temple) symbol of Ha Noi -2010
• 1805
• Brightest star of 28 stars: Star of Education and Literature=> light for
students
• Most important part of the temple
• Past: For crown prince to study
28. • Material: wood
• Ponds: tiger eyes- strong: watch, protect
+ Circle, round shape: Sky- mirror on the lake
+ Square shape: Earth
=>Harmony, yin and yang
Roof tiles: 3 levels:
+ Middle: present
+Top: past
+Bottom: future
30. • Well of Heavenly Clarity – gieng thien quang
• +clear your mind: fix appearance before seeing the Confucianist, mirror to
reflect -deserve to come in
• + Sun shines through the mirror to the well
• + center of the whole complex
1484 ( Le Thanh Tong ); 116 steles of carved blue stone turtles with elaborate
motifs => honour talent and encourage study
• + Turtle: *live long- resilient
*wisdom
* among 4, only tutles: real ones- others: imaginary
=>When it comes to studing, do real things
* Back of the turtle: - sky
Abdomen: earth
31. • 82 stone stelae remained ( 1307 graduates of 82 triennial royal exams)
• 1442 -1779: eighty-one exams (the Le Dynasty) , one ( the Mac Dynasty)
• destroy places belonging to previous dynasties)
• Built in different dynasties: different view s of art
• Each stelae: + The King
+examinations: how many examiners, difficulty of exam
+how many students
+ Successful doctors: name, their families
*Now: students touch the head of turtles
Photographs for graduation
2 flag poles:
Lef: Festival flag
Right: national flag
34. Dragon on sculptures: one in four Holy Beasts
• linked with history: Thang Long - ascending dragon
• centre of the fourth courtyard : the "House of Ceremonies" ("Bai Duong"):
Front altar
Van the su bieu a model teacher for all generations
• Crain -turtle
Dry land, wet area
35. • Dai Thanh sanctuary“: Confucius and his four closest disciples are
worshipped.
• A small museum: ink wells, pens, books and personal artefacts belonging
to some of the students that studied at the temple.
37. ( 1076) King Ly Nhan Tong
• Thai hoc- the first national university
• 2 levels:
+ ground floor: a statue of Chu Van An (a rector of the academy) ,
exhibits of the temple and the academy with a display on Confucian
education in Vietnam.
+ upper floor: three monarchs who contributed most to the
foundation of the temple and the academy
Lý Thánh Tông: founded the temple in 1070
Lý Nhân Tông : founded the Imperial Academy
Lê Thánh Tông : ordered the erection of the turtle stone stelae of
doctor laureates in 1484
either side : square buildings- a drum and a bronze bell
38. Some questions to ponder over…
• Why Vietnamese people idolize Ho Chi Minh so much?
• 1 party – election ( politics)
• Vietnamese language
40. • Hoan Kiem Lake (meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the
Restored Sword", also known as Hồ Gươm - Sword Lake)
• The lake has had several names including Luc Thuy, Ta Vong, Huu Vong and
Thuy Quan
• in the historical center of Hanoi
• one of the major scenic spots in the city
• A popular site for the public
• The Sword Lake : a great example of combination of 3 religions Buddhism-
Taoism-Confucianism
41. • Legend: King Le Thai To was boating on the lake when the Golden Turtle
God surfaced and asked for the magic sword: Heaven’s Will. He concluded
that the sacred turtle came to reclaim the sword that its master, the
Dragon King had given to help him defeat the Chinese Ming dynasty
invaders. He renamed the lake to commemorate this event
• The Turtle Tower standing on a small island near the centre of lake is
linked to the legend.
42. • The first gate: (Confucianism)
+ two large red Chinese characters : Happiness on the right, Prosperity on
the left
+ Pen Tower : a ten-meter high stone structure
tip: a writing brush, standing on a “mountain” in the shape of a peach,
known as the Writing Pad (Dai Nghien).
on the tower : “Writing on the clear blue sky”
=> respect to education and literature
+ a small altar on the mountain where one can pray to receive permission to
enter the temple.
43. • The second gate:
surrounded by Taoist symbols.
+left: the tiger.
+right is the Vietnamese dragon
=> symbols of stability for a large construction, following the feng shui theory.
44. • The third gate: (Taoism)
a pool: an ink stone or inkpot. Nguyen Van Sieu placed this stone so that on
the 5th of May (lunar calendar) the shadow of the Pen Tower falls on the
ink stone.
Ink carried by 3 frogs/ toads – represent teachers
( con coc kien ong troi)
45. • The temple: reached by the red-painted wooden bridge - The Huc).
• The Huc Bridge : Morning Sunlight Bridge – where the sun light is
absorbed
• Built in 1865 by Nguyen Van Sieu
• Red : represent energy, happiness, luck
46. • The fourth gate:
Dac Nguyet Lau (or “Moon Light tower”)
+ two walls : Bang Rong and Bang Ho (dragon and tiger slate), where the
names of those who passed the national test were inscribed.
+ 2 sentences: Buddhism - Taoism
47. • Temple of the Jade Moutain (Ngoc Son Temple)
• The temple was erected in the 19th century. It honors :
+ the military leader Tran Hung Dao – defeated three major
Mongolian invasions in the 13th century
+ Van Xuong: a great scholar
+ Nguyen Van Sieu: a Confucian master and famous writer in
charge of repairs made to the temple in 1864.
49. • Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge, a
former city rampart, and a citadel wall
• appeared when King Ly Thai To selected Thang Long as the country’s
capital in 1010=> the streets have a over 1,000-year old history.
• Names: “Old Quarter” or “36 Old Streets” (as consisting of 36 member
streets
• In the past, as artisans moved to the capital city to do business, they
gathered together in this area to share the resources. => many of the
streets were named after the crafts sold at that individual street
50. • the front room: stores
• the inside room: manufacturing, dining and living of each family.
51. • Hang Gai Street:silk
• Hang Quat: colored funeral and festival flags and religious objects and
clothing.
• Hang Ma: shiny paper products, such as gift wrappings, wedding
decorations, miniature paper objects to burn for the dead.
• Lan Ong Street : herbal medicinal products: leaves, roots, barks, and
powders
• To Tich: Mixed fruits
• Hang Luoc: Comb
• Hang Duong : candies and dry apricot
• Tam Thuong lane on Hang Bong Street: fried/roasted sour pork hash,
53. • Historically, one of the biggest, highest- security prisons in Indochina
• Western Style, adaptation to Vietnam’s climate
54. History
- Constructed by French colonists (1986) on the land of Phu Khanh village
- 19th century: Phu Khanh village: the only destination in the Thang long
citadel: earthen home appliances – kettles, teapots, portable stoves=> Phu
Khanh village known as Hoa Lo village- the village of portable stoves
- French colonist moved all villagers, old pagodas, communal houses in Phu
Khanh village to other places
55. Built a prison (1896)
1896: lost forever an ancient village
- confined, persecuted both the body and the mind of thousands of
revolutionary patriotic soldiers
- Severe punishment, led maltreated lives
- sense of purpose- turned the prison into a school => propagate the
revolutionary argument
- - many soldiers: escaped, returned to the organization, contributed
to the liberation of the motherland
- 10/1954 – the North: liberated- Hoa Lo prison – temporarily
managed, used by Vietnamese Government to keep law breakers
- 5/08/1964 – 29/03/1973:
- 1993: changed the main aim of the prison – the south-east side of
the prison => a revolutionary relic of Hanoi
56. • Walls: 4 meters high, 0.5 meter thick
• Walls made of permanent stones
• Buildings not made of cement but brick
• Windows material from France
Top of the wall put lots of broken glass, put electricity around - no one
could escape from
• 15 minutes go out of the cells every day
• Have a shower once a week , around the well
• Naked to have a shower whether it is in summer/ winter
57. • 11/1933: survivors of 2010 deportees to Son la were taken back to Hanoi
before being exiled to Con Dao
8 months: persecuted, locked up in the wild forest, areas with toxic waters
• Cay Dao To Hieu in Son La prison planted by a prisoner – still exists today
58. • Main room: keep prisoners – hard to open
• Original 500 prisoners
Real 2000
• This room : 25-30 prisoners
• Bound by ironwood
• Extreme conditions
• Share the toilet
• Make poems
• Scatter books from the front, from communists cultural learning, learn
politics, culture, languages- reinforce faith
• Special ink from jailors made from traditional medicine - red/ blue
• Appear when soaked with rice liquid
59. Cachot cells
• highest punishment lack of light- hygiene =. exhausted
• Place for people who broke the rules or fighted for hunger:
Hell of earth - dirty rooms get light from tiny holes
Couldn’t sleep- the bed : sloping – blood: flew up to head
Shackled with an outer lock
60. Almond trees
• Young leaves, ripen fruits: healthy food for prisoners
• Bark to cure cholera
• Small branches : pen holders/ chopsticks
• Hide materials in the root of trees – skillful
• Discuss measures on fighting against the enemy
61. Underground sewer
• Underground sewer in death cells yard
• 24/12/1951 (night): 16 Hoa Lo death-sentence political prisoners: escaped
• 5/ 15 succeeded, rejoined the resistance base
62. Underground sewer
• Underground sewer (in camp J yard)
• 11-16/03/1945: >100 Hoa Lo political prisoners escaped => reached
different locations , took part in general insurrection (08/1945), became
the Party, Government leaders
63. • Different types of torture
Torture: beat prisoners until they faint – pour water => awake
• International friends support Vietnam
From Soviet Union: Material, treasure
France: voice, political support
64. Women prisoners
• Even pregnant women – gave birth here
• Suffered hard conditions
• Hair fall- use hair to make brooms – clean floors
String to hang clothes
65. Kinds of torture
• Guillotine:
• Used by the French colonialist to behead revolutionary patriotic soldiers
imprisoned in Hoa Lo prison
in market, public place =>threaten
• Ha Thanh’s poinsoning case
Poison 200 French soldiers
3 of the leaders beheaded
66. • Put prisoners in tank => beat
• Gasoline
• Boxing gloves
• Jute bag => torture political prisoners
• Jailors : cruelest
• Portraits of political female prisoners confined in Hoa Lo Prison by
the French colonist
• Electric wire – electrical engine in head- heart
• Break bottles – beat women’s sex organs=> stop next generations
• Walking stick pull the neck
* Hope for the future, optimistic
• Embroidered pillow, make poems…
67. Death Row Cells
• Completely isolated from other cells of Hoa Lo Prison – prevent
death row inmates from communicating with the outside
• Gloomy + cold
• Prisoners: shackled all day long, not even freed to use toilet
• Cell door: opened just twice each day: meals, water
• Truong Chinh, Tran Dang Ninh
69. • Pictures + objects in two exhibition halls : details of US pilots’ lives when they were
temporarily imprisoned at Hoa Lo Prison
• 05/08/1964 – 15/01/1973: The US carried out sabotage warfare: air + naval forces
against the North of Vietnam
• Thousands of planes: shot down
• Hundreds of US pilots : arrested by the North army + people, some : imprisoned at
Hoa Lo Prison
• The Vietnamese government created the best living conditions they could for the
US pilots(despite difficulties in the national economy during the war)
• 26/10/1967 : Ha Noi army took John MacCain out of Truc Bach lake => humanity
• 03/1973: all the arrested US pilots: released
70. The second floor
• Memorial to Patriots and Revolutionary Fighters
• Empty – unknown patriots
72. • 1987-1995: construction
• 12/11/1997: open to public
• Exhibition building designed by the architect Ha Duc Linh – a
member of Tay ethnic group in the shape of Dong Son drum
• Interior architecture designed by the French architect
• Tribal art, artifacts, everyday objects gathered from across the
nation: > 15,000 artifacts, 42,000 photos
• Rank 4th of the 25 most attractive museums in Asia - 2014
• Indoor & outdoor section
• Aim: document, present, exhibit cultural heritage of 54 ethnic
groups
• Preserve cultural heritage, promote socio-cultural diversity, present
cultures, civilization of culture, countries from across South East
Asia
73. Events for the public on holiday, special occasions
• Traditional games
• Water puppet show
• Calligraphy
• …
76. • Multi-ethnic country
• 54 different ethnic groups
• Kinh - the largest ethnic group in Vietnam : 86%
• Tay - the largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
• Undistributed : Kinh – deltas, near rivers
Minority people: Mountainous areas central highland
• All: water rice agriculture
77. Ethnicities: 54
• Thai people – Hoa people
• Hoa speak Vietnamese – adapt originally from Chinese The Hoa ( or
Chinese)
823,000 people, more than half living in Ho Chi Minh City, others living in
other citites, in rural areas
The Urban Hoa practice industrial trade + services
Inside the house: hang parallel inscriptions in lacquered wood, scrolls, red
paper banners inscribed with characters for Happiness, Longevity, Talent,
Wealth
78. • Viet group – King peple
Differences:
+language
+costumes, haircut , design lifestyles
+Clothing- the way they dress
+Typical features of their faces
In mountainous areas, faces are rounder than in thedelta, central highland
• Location of different languages:
Kho me (Cambodia)
Hmong – Dao (China)
Tang – Mien (Myanmar)
Han (China)
• Main language – Viet language among Vietnam
79. Ritual pole of the Co
• The ritual pole: centre of the thanksgiving festival.
• A pole for the ritual buffalo to be tied to
• A universal tree - connects the sprit world with human beings
• Originally about 13 meter high
• Divide into 3 parts:
• + Top: birds – friends of Co people – protect trees from ghosts
Ancestors of Co people
80. The Viet
• The Viet / King people: 86%
• Live throughout the country
• concentrated primarily in the deltas, midlands, coastal regions
• Village: basic residential unit, the place of economic, cultural life
Every village : communal house (dinh) honoring the village’s tutelary
spirit (thanh hoang);
a Buddhist pagoda
other temples worshipping legendary heroes in history, culture
81. Conical hat making in Chuong
• Well-known for conical hat
• Chuong market opens : 4th, 10th every lunar month under a large
banyan tree at the entrance of the village
• Raw materials for making conical hats: brought in mountainous
regions
• made from leaves
• Useful in rainy, hot weather, hold water to drink
• A special gift for tourists – traditional symbol, especially for
traditional women
82. Religion of the Four Worlds
• The four worlds: Sky, Earth, Water, Forests
• Popular in northern Vietnam
• The spiritual possession ceremony : The spirit possesses the body
the male/ female performers - practitioner
• The living can connect with the dead people
• Past- mostly men (make-up) women- dirty
Nowadays – both men and women
• Superstitious actions
Ritual ceremony aim=> connect with the dead – middle one
Ask for help, prosperity
83. Traditional games in the countryside
• Animal masks
• Lion’s head
• Tops
• Performance in middle autumn – fruits, toys
• Paper Doctor=> respect education
Put on the tray – achieve success
84. • Instruments:
Wood from trees
Snake skin
Drum made from cow’s skin, frog’s skin
1 – string instrument monocorde
85. • Serving dish – big flat chopsticks
• Knife made of animals
• Ritual specialists’ belongings
86. • The Muong
Funerals of the Muong : each member wears different colours
The hearth
Tools in the kitchen
Gong set
• Weaving: women weave beautiful clothes=> enough standard
• Hunting=> men
• Before getting married, the woman make her own dress (3 months)
87. Betel
• the custom of chewing betel dated back to the reign of the Hung
Kings.
• “Legend of Betel and Areca” about a wife’s faithfulness to her
husband and the love between two siblings => a symbol of love,
brotherhood, family, and happiness.
Betel and areca : Vietnamese folklore, folk verses, folk songs, and
folk festivals
an indispensable part of Vietnamese people’s daily life
used to start a conversation and help people become closer and
more open with each other
offerings in important traditional ceremonies, such as offering
rituals, engagements, weddings, funerals, and burials.
88. Works
• Dong Ho woodblock pictures
Printing blocks for colours
Paint bowls + brushes
The Children and the carp
Material from nature
• Lacquer work:
Most ancient lacquer objects: 4th century BC
The craft flourished : 17th - 19th
Lacquer: the resin obtained by cutting into the lacquer tree
Lacquer resin sets in many layers with different qualities, usages
It is then prepared for coloration and applied to objects
=> Protect objects from insects, for decoration
• Wood carving and engraving
A traditional handicraft particularly elaborated among the Viet
Use a variety of metal chisels and scrapers
89. • Ceramics
Potters use clay extracted from the delta regions
Pottery wares are especially for daily lives
There is also an assortment of religious , fine art objects
Put in stove, burn for
Put in sunlight – faint then paint
Glaze: men
2 ways: raw , polish
• Bronze work: practiced for thousands of years before our are
1st millennium: Dong Son culture was the cradler of the bronze art –
spread throughout Southeast Asia – the best-known bronze drums
Flourished in the Ly dynasty with the expansion of Buddhism
90. Altars to ancestors
• Each family: an altar for the ancestors located in the most beautiful,
solemn place in the central room of the house
• Top level” ancestral tablets
Lineage records
Portraits
Photos, statues of deceased grandparents, parents
• Middle level: offerings
The lowest level: lamps, incense bowls
• Death destroys only the physical body
The souls can connect with the the lives of the living
Each individual invokes his ancestors at the altar => demonstrate his
veneration, express his wishe
incense (odd number)
fruit tray, paper burned for them in another world
=> Strengthen family ties
91. • Water puppet: thread, sticks
During show- music
Story of Ha Noi city, countryside
Traditional story
Make puppets: wood
=> unique performance, symbolize daily activities
• measurement unit
92. Fish traps
• Bamboo
• Fish – put in muddy stream, leave it overnight, tomorrow – fish inside –
bring home
=>Hardships of workers
Artistic – a bunch of handicrafts of flowers
Way of living
95. Upper Level
• 2 Thai groups: white Thai and black Thai
• Difference:
+ the black Thai: a black blouse with a high collar and a black skirt
the white Thai: a white blouse with a heart-shaped collar and a black skirt”.
+ accents: The black Thai have a stronger accent
the white Thai speak faster and more melodiously.
+perceptions of numbers:
The white Thai prefer even numbers which they believe represent fullness
and prosperity.
The black Thai prefer odd numbers, which they believe symbolize growth and
reproduction
the worshipping rituals: The black Thai :nomadic people - frequently change
their farmland =>unstable life=> they worship and pray more.
The white Thai are engaged in wet rice cultivation with higher productivity =>
worship less, with less yin and yang displayed in their homes”.
98. 1.Cham House
2. Khmer Boat
3.Water puppet Pavilion
4.Viet House
5.Boats
6.Bahnar Communal House
7.Ede House
8.Giarai Tomb
9. Cotu Tomb
10. Nung Forage
11. Tay House
12.Yao House
13.Hmong House
14.Hani House
15.Pottery Workshop
99. • 10 Houses modeling after the traditional architecture of ethnic minorities
• Built by artisans from the villages where the houses are traditionally
designed, built
101. Hmong House
• Built in 1984
• In Mu cang chai district, Yen Bai Province
• By a family – all members of the Flower Hmong People
• After his father’s death in 1997, the eldest son inherited the house
• Museum bought
• Invited 7 of the local Flower Hmong villagers to reconstruct
• Took 6 days
• Made entirely of puma wood, a characteristic tree of the region’s forest
• Roof: 600 large shingles
• Some shingles can be moved to make light for women to weave inside the
house
• A forge + a stable built within the house compound
102. House Interior:
• Follow a patriarchal tradition
• Worship 3 generations of ancestors
• Most important rituals of their ancestor worship take place during Hmong New
Year – December
Place of worship marked with a paper – stuck on the back wall facing the door
At the base of the wall: a bamboo tube for incense sticks
• Column : separate room from the central hearth
Column – house spirit resides=> avoid hanging/ nailing clothes on the column
• New Year Festival: stick pieces of red, white paper on column, purify it with water/
alcohol
• In upstairs loft: corn, rice, household commodities: stored
Some families (Thao, Lu, Giang), daughter-in-laws can’t go upstairs (punished by house
spirit)
Central hearth=> daily meals ( kitchen spirit resides here – a taboo to spit in the
cooking fire/ hit the tripod)
104. Bahnar communal house
• 19 meters
• Built in 2003 by 42 villagers in Kontum town
• Symbol of skill, strength of the villagers (the power of men)
• Height:
• + Avoid dangerous animals
+wealth
+power of men – no communal house in the village – cannot get married
+ find directions at such a high position
+close to the ancestors
106. Giarai tomb
• The large wooden figures encircling the tomb
are intended to accompany the dead into the
afterlife
• Sexually explicit carvings
Carvings of pregnant women
Symbols of fertility
108. Ede longhouse
• Structure: modeled on a longhouse in Buon
Ma Thuot city
• Over 42 meters long
• The families of daughters and granddaughters
of an extended matrilineal family
• 2 ladders in front for men, guests ( touch
breasts => show respect)
• 1 ladder at the back: for family members
110. Viet House
• The house is from a family in Thanh Hoa Province
• Main hall: ancestor worship – linked to a space for teaching + learning
• The central hall, annex, the kitchen formed a U-shape surrounding a front
yard
• The carved wooden beams of the central hall: nearly one hundred years
old.
