Engineering Drawing III for Technical High School students of Kerala state

ENGINEERING
DRAWING III
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
(2018)
(As per Kerala Technical High School curriculum)

Prepared by
SURESH BABU E.M.
M Tech, MBA, DPM
MAY 2018

“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything”
Albert Einstein
(Not for sale)
ERA PUBLICATIONS
KUMMANODE
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ആമുഖം
പ്രിയ അദ്ധ്യാരകരര, വിദ്യാര്‍ത്ഥികരള......
ഈ രുസ്തകം കകരളത്തിരല സാകേതിക വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വകുപ്പിരെ
കീഴിലുള്ള രെക്നിക്കല് ഹൈസ്കൂളുകളിരല രത്താം ക്ലാസ്സ്
വിദ്യാര്‍ത്ഥിക്ക്കുള്ള ജി ിനീയറിം ഡ കപ്യായിം ഡ വളരര
ഫലപ്രദ്മായി രഠിക്കുന്നതിനു ഉരകാരരപ്പെുന്ന രീതിയിലാണ്
തയ്യാറാക്കിയിരിയ്ക്ക്കുന്നത്. ജലലാ അദ്ധ്യായങ്ങളിലുമുള്ള, രരീക്ഷയ്ക്ക്ക്
വരാി സാധ്യതയുള്ള ക ാദ്യങ്ങളും അവയ്ക്ക്കുള്ള ഉത്തരങ്ങളും
ഉ്രകാള്ളിചിടിടുണുട്. സാകേതിക വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വകുപ്പ് തയ്യാറാക്കി
നല്കുന്ന രുസ്തകത്തിരെ ഉള്ളെക്കം അെിഥാനാനമാക്കിയിടുണാണ് ഈ
രുസ്തകത്തിരെ ര ന. ഈ രുസ്തകത്തിരെ ഉരകയാഗം ഭ്ൂരിഭ്ാഗം
ക ാദ്യങ്ങളും സവന്ം കഴി് ഉരകയാഗിചിട് രഠിക്കുന്നത്തിനും
രരീക്ഷയ്ക്ക്ക് നലല മാര്‍ത്ക്ക് വാങ്ങുവാനും ഉരകാരരപ്പെുന്നതാണ്.
ഇതിലുള്ള മുഴുവി കപ്യായിംഗുകളും ഓകടുണാകായില് സവനയം
വരരചിടെുത്തതാണ്. ഇത് രരമാവധ്ി ബ്യൂകറാ ഓഫ് ഇിയയി
സ്റ്റാികയര്‍ത്സസ് നിലവാരത്തിലാണ് തയ്യാറാക്കിയിരിയ്ക്ക്കുന്നത്. ഈ
രുസ്തകത്തിരെ ഉള്ളെക്കരത്ത സംബ്ധിചിചിട് നിങ്ങളുരെ വിലരപ്പടുണ
അഭ്ിപ്രായങ്ങ് ജരന്ന അറിയിക്കുക.
15/05/2018 സുകരഷ് ബ്ാബ്ു ഈ.ജം.
കുമ്മകനാട്

CONTENTS
Chapter No. Items Page No.
1 Multi-view projection 1-11
2 Sectional Views 12-22
3 Screw threads 23-35
4 Locking arrangements of nuts 36-40
5 Rivets and riveted joints 41-53
6 Keys and cotter joints 54-61
7 Shaft bearings 62-71
Previous year questions with answers 72-122

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CHAPTER 1
1) State the importance of multi-view projection
Multi view projections are used to provide accurate three-dimensional object
information on two dimensional media, a means of communicating all of the
information necessary to transform an idea or concept into reality. It gives full
details of an object like, actual shape, size, dimensions and other specifications.
2) Draw a title block on the drawing sheet
(Do not mark dimensions on the title block)
3) What are the various factors considered in a projection?
Object, plane of projection, projector and observer are the four factors
considered in a projection.
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION

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4) What are the different planes in multi-view projection?
1) Horizontal plane
2) Vertical plane
3) Profile plane
5) What are the various steps to draw the projection of objects in drawing
sheet?
1) Drawing sheet layout
2) Set the margin
3) Construction of title block
4) Spacing of views according to the size
6) Differentiate between first angle projection and third angle projection?
Sl.
No
….
.r
First angle projection Third angle projection
1 Object is assumed to be placed in
first quadrant
Object is assumed to be placed in
third quadrant
2 The plane of projection is assumed
to be non-transparent
The plane of projection is assumed
to be transparent
3 The object lies between observer
and plane of projection
The plane of projection lies
between object and observer
4
When the views are drawn in their
relative positions, top view comes
below the front view and left side
view comes right side of front view
When the views are drawn in their
relative positions, top view comes
above the front view and left side
view comes left side of front view
5

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7) Pictorial view of a support is shown in figure below. Draw the front
view, top view and right side view according to the first angle projection
method.

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8) Pictorial view of an object is shown in figure below. Draw the front
view, top view and left side view and mark dimensions as per BIS.

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view, top view and right side view and mark dimensions as per BIS.

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view, top view and left side view and mark dimensions as per BIS.

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11) Draw the elevation, left side view and plan of the object shown in
figure below. Mark all dimensions as per BIS.

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12) Draw the front view, top view and left side view of the given object
shown in figure below by using CAD and mark all dimensions as per
BIS.
Steps:
1) Start AutoCAD by clicking shortcut of ACAD logo in the screen or double click
on the directory C:Program FilesAutoCAD 2007/acad.exe. After a short
duration of time, AutoCAD software will be opened.

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2) UNITS settings:
Enter the command ‘UNITS’ in command line and further fill the values of type,
precision, units to scale, etc. as values entered in the window given below.
3) LIMITS settings:
Enter the command ‘LIMITS’ in command line and further click ‘Enter’ button.
Subsequently, enter the co-ordinate values of lower left corner and upper right
corner. Detailed steps are given below.
Command: LIMITS 
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0,0>: 0,0 
Specify upper right corner <210,297>: 210,297 
Command:
Command: ZOOM 
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: ALL 
Command:
Command: ORTHO 
Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: ON 
Command:

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4) Steps to draw FRONT VIEW
Command: LINE 
Specify first point: 25,200 
Specify next point or [Undo]: @60,0 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,0 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-40 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 
5) Steps to draw LEFT SIDE VIEW
Command: LINE 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-40 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 
6) Steps to draw TOP VIEW
Command: LINE 
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C 
7) Next step is to dimensioning and text writing on three orthographic drawings.
This will be explained at the time of class exercises.
Figure below shows the details of various limits on the paper we have chosen.
Refer this drawing to understand how the co-ordinate values are considered
when prepare each orthographic drawings.

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CHAPTER 2
1) State the importance of sectioning of objects during preparation of
engineering drawings.
The internal details of an object are not possible to represent with normal
orthographic views. A primary reason for creating a section view is the elimination
of hidden lines, so that a drawing can be more easily understood or visualize.
Traditional section views are based on the use of an imaginary cutting plane that
cuts through the object to reveal interior details.
2) What are the different types of sectional views?
1) Full sectional views
a) Full sectional front view (elevation)
b) Full sectional top view (plan)
c) Full sectional right side view (R.S. end view)
d) Full sectional left side view (L.S. end view)
2) Half sectional views
a) Front view
b) Top view
c) Right side view
d) Left side view
SECTIONAL VIEWS

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3) Revolved sectional views
4) Removed sectional views
5) Partial, broken or local sectional views
3) What are the difference between full sectional and half sectional views?
Full sectional view is a sectional view obtained by assuming the entire object is cut
by the cutting plane and removed the half portion of the object. Figures will be
explained the details of full sectional and half sectional views.
Half sectional view is a sectional view obtained by remove only one quarter portion
of the object is cut by two imaginary mutually perpendicular planes.

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4) What the difference is between revolved and removed sectional view?
A revolved section is made by revolving a cross section view 90° about an axis of
revolution and superimposing the section view on the orthographic. A removed
section is similar except the view is removed to another part of the drawing.
5) What are the different factors may be considered when sectioning of
objects by plane?
1) Continuous thin lines may be used to hatch the drawing area and convenient
angle, preferably 45°, to the principal outlines or lines of symmetry of the
sections may be considered.
2) Hatching of adjacent components shall be carried
out with different directions or spacing.

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3) Bolts, nuts, studs, rivets, pins, keys, cotters, shafts, ribs, spokes of wheels, etc.
are not cut in longitudinal sections and therefore should not be hatched.
4) When sectioning large area of a
drawing, full hatching of the area is
avoided and limited to a zone around
the boundary.
6) Draw the line used to show cutting planes with a simple sketch.

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7) Draw the conventional representation of materials
Sl.
No
Type of
section lines
Materials
1 Cast iron, steel, copper and its alloys (brass, bronze, etc.),
aluminium and its alloys.
2 Lead, zinc, tin, white metal
3 Glass
4 Marble, porcelain, stoneware, slate
5 Rubber, asbestos, leather, paper, linoleum, cork, felt, fibre,
wax
6 Liquid, such as water, kerosene, petrol, oil
7 Wood, plywood (along grain)
8 Wood, plywood (across grain)
9 Concrete

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8) Draw the hatch patterns of the following material
a) Cast Iron b) Lead c) Marble d) Concrete
9) Draw the conventional representation of the following materials
a) Steel b) Glass c) Rubber d) Wood
10) Draw the conventional representation of the following materials
a) Copper b) Porcelain c) Kerosene d) Plywood

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11) Draw the left half sectional elevation and plan of the object shown in
figure below.

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12) Draw the sectional front view, right side view and plan of the machine
part given in figure below.

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13) Draw the sectional elevation, left side view and plan of the object given
in figure below.

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14) Draw the sectional elevation, left side view and plan of the object given
in figure below.

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15) Draw the sectional front view, left side end view and top view of the
object given in figure below.

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CHAPTER 3
1) Draw the sketch of threaded end of a single start screw and mark the
following terms.
a) Crest b) Pitch c) Lead d) Root
SCREW THREADS

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2) What is nomenclature of screw thread?
1) Nominal diameter (major
diameter): This is the largest
diameter of a screw thread,
touching the crests of an external
thread or the roots of an internal
thread.
2) Root diameter (minor or core
diameter): This is the smallest
diameter of a screw thread,
touching the roots of an external
thread or the crests of an internal
thread.
3) Pitch diameter (effective diameter): This is a theoretical diameter between
the major and minor diameter of screw threads.
4) Pitch: Pitch of a thread is the distance measured parallel to the axis from a
point on a thread to the corresponding points on adjacent thread forms in the
same axial plane and on the same side of the axis.
5) Lead: It is the distance the nut moves parallel to the screw axis when the nut is
given one turn. In a single start thread, lead is same as the pitch of the screw
thread.
6) Crest: Crest of the thread is the top most surface joining the two sides.
7) Root: Root of the thread is the bottom of the groove between the two flanks.
8) Depth: Depth is the distance between the crest and root of the thread.

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9) Flank: Flank is straight edges which connect the crest with the root of the
thread.
10)Thread angle: Thread angle is the angle between the flanks of the thread
measured in an axial plane.
11)Axis of a thread: This is an imaginary line running longitudinally through the
center of the screw.
3) Draw the external and internal thread design profiles of ISO metric
screw thread and mark the relations between various parameters

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4) What are the different forms of screw threads?
Following are the different forms of screw threads.
1) V thread 2) British Standard Whitworth (BSW) thread
3) Buttress thread 4) Square thread
5) Acme thread 6) Worm thread
5) State the application of following screw threads?
a) V- thread b) BSW thread c) Buttress thread
d) Square thread e) Acme thread f) Worm thread
a) V-thread: V threads are used for fastening, because these are cheap, easy to
manufacture and has higher friction for holding two parts. These threads are
generally used on bolts, nuts and studs etc.
b) BSW thread: BSW threads are used on inch size bolts, nuts, studs etc.
c) Buttress thread: These threads are most commonly used in the manufacture
of the lead screws used in machinery and as hydraulic seals for viscous liquids
such as oil.
d) Square thread: Square thread can be used to transmit power in either
direction. The square threads are used in screw jacks, presses and clamping
devices.
e) Acme thread: These are used for the process of engagement and
disengagement of threads e.g., leads screw of lathe, cocks and bench vises
etc.
f) Worm thread: Worm type threads are used in worm and worm wheel
constructions. This is generally used in gates, conveyor belts, elevators/lifts,
automobile differentials, etc.

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6) Neatly draw any two types of screw thread profiles
7) Draw the following screw thread profile
a) V thread b) Square thread

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8) Draw the following screw thread profiles
a) BSW thread b) Acme thread
9) Briefly explain right hand thread and left hand thread
A right hand thread is one, which advances in to the nut, when turned in
clockwise direction.
A left hand thread is one, which advances in to the nut, when turned in anti-
clockwise direction.

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10) Differentiate with single start thread and multi start thread.
A single start thread consists of a single, continuous helical groove for which
the lead is equal to the pitch. This type of thread is used in common purpose.
In multi start thread, lead may increase by increasing the number of starts
without increasing the pitch. For a double start thread lead is equal to twice the
pitch and for a triple start thread lead is equal to thrice the pitch. These types of
threads are used wherever quick action is desired, as in fountain pens,
automobile starters, hydraulic valve spindles, etc.

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11) Write a note on external thread and internal thread
An external thread is the thread formed on the outside of a component. Bolt,
screw, stud, etc. are examples of external threaded components.
An internal thread is the thread formed on the inside of a component. Nut is an
example of internal threaded component.
12) Draw the conventional representation of threads

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13) Draw the front view, top view and left side end view of a hexagonal
nut. Take ‘d’ as 40mm.
14) What are the different forms of nuts?
Following are the different forms of nuts.
1) Hexagonal nut
2) Square nut
3) Flanged nut
4) Cap nut
5) Dome nut
6) Capstan nut
7) Slotted or ring nut
8) Wing nut

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15) Draw the plan and elevation of a square nut, take ‘d’ as 40mm.
16) Draw the two views of a square bolt of size M40. The length of the bolt
is 80mm and thread length is 55mm.

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17) What are the different types of bolts with special forms of heads?
Following are the different types of bolts with special forms of heads.
1) Square headed bolt with square neck
2) T- headed bolt with square neck
3) Cylindrical or Cheese headed bolt
4) Cup headed bolt with square neck
5) Cup headed bolt with snug
6) Countersunk headed bolt with sqaure neck
7) Countersunk headed bolt with snug
8) Headless tapered bolt
9) Hook bolt
10)Eye bolt
11)Lifting eye bolt
18) Draw the three views of a hexagonal headed bolt of size M30. The
length of the bolt is 90mm and thread length is 64mm.

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18) Prepare detailed drawing of a plain washer and chamfered washer.
Take ‘D’ as 24mm
19) Various dimensional proportions of bolts, nuts and washers
Sl.
No.
Characteristics
Hexagonal headed
bolt, nut & washer
Square headed
bolt, nut & washer
1 Width across corners 2d 2.12d
2 Width across flats 1.73 d 1.5d+3
3 Thickness of bolt head 0.8 d 0.8d
4 Thickness of nut d d
5 Angle of chamfer 30˚ 30˚
6 Radius of spherical end of bolt d d
7 Projecting end of the flat end of the bolt 0.1d 0.1d
8 Core diameter of bolt 0.8d 0.8d
9 Thread run out 0.2d 0.2d
10 Inner diameter of washer d+1 d+1
11 Outer diameter of washer 2d+3 2.1d+8
12 Thickness of washer 0.12d 0.12d
13 Major diameter of nut d d
14 Minor (crest) diameter of nut 0.8d 0.8d

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20) Draw an assembled view of a hexagonal headed bolt with nut and
washer. Take, D as 30mm. Consider length of the bolt is 100mm and
thread length is 60mm.

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CHAPTER 4
1) What are the applications of locking of nuts? Write different methods
of locking of nuts.
The joints used in moving parts of an assembly or machinery subjected to
vibrations. After a long period of operations, there may be a chance to slacken the
joint, leading to serious breakdown. To eliminate this slacking tendency, different
methods of arrangements are used to lock the nuts.
1) Lock nut
2) Locking by split-pin
3) Locking by castle nut
4) Locking by plate
5) Locking by spring washer
6) Wiles lock nut
7) Locking by set screw
8) Locking by grooved nut
9) Locking by screw
(1st
four lock nuts are required to study in detail)
LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS OF NUTS

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2) Which is the mostly used locking arrangement in automobiles?
Castle nut is the mostly used locking arrangement in automobile.
3) Draw the following locking arrangements neatly. Take bolt diameter
‘D’ as 40mm.
1) Lock nut
2) Locking by split pin

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4) Draw the following locking arrangements neatly. Take bolt diameter
‘D’ as 40mm.
1) Castle nut
2) Locking by plate

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CHAPTER 5
1) With a simple picture, explain the rivets.
Rivets are cylindrical pieces of ductile metal having a head at
one end and slightly tapered tail on the other end. The portion
between rivet head and tail is called shank. Rivets are used to
fasten permanently two or more metal plates or pieces of
metal. Joints made with rivets are called riveted joints.
2) With a neat sketch, briefly explain riveting.
Riveting is a process of forming a riveted
joint. For this, a rivet is placed in the
drilled holes in the upper and bottom
plates, to be joined. By using a hand tool
or machine, tail end of the rivet is formed
to the shape of a head. In machine
riveting, force is applied by means of
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.
RIVETS AND RIVETED JOINTS

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3) By using a simple sketch, briefly explain caulking and fullering.
Caulking is a process used to prevent leakage through the
gap between two plates or plate and rivet head, which are
rivet jointed. By using a blunt edged chisel is used (is
called caulking tool) to reduce the gap by hammering.
Fullering is a process used to prevent leakage through the
gap between two plates, which are rivet jointed. By using a
fullering tool whose width is equal to the thickness of the
plates, reduce the gap by hammering the edges of the
plates.
4) Draw any two forms of rivet heads, take ‘d’ as 30mm. Mark all
dimensions and calculations.

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5) Draw details of countersunk and rounded countersunk type rivet heads,
take ‘d’ as 30mm. Mark all dimensions and calculations.
6) What are the applications of rivets? Write the name of different forms
of rivet heads.
Rivets are used for fastening permanently two or more metal plates or pieces of
metal. They are commonly used in ship building, construction of steel buildings,
bridges, boilers, tanks, etc. Different forms of rivet heads are given below:
1) Snap or cup head
2) Pan head
3) Countersunk head
4) Rounded countersunk head
5) Conical head
6) Ellipsoid head
7) Mushroom head

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7) Briefly explain riveted lap joint and riveted butt joint.
In riveted lap joint, two plates are placed one over the other and riveted with
suitable form of rivet head.
In riveted Butt joint, two main plates are arranged face to face and one or two
strap plates are placed either one side or two sides of the main plates, and rivet
them together with suitable form of riveted heads.
8) What is nomenclature of riveted joints?

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Pitch (P): Pitch is the distance between centers of adjoining rivets in the same
row.
Row pitch (Pr): It is the distance between two adjacent rows of rivets.
Diagonal pitch (Pd): It is the distance between the centers of a rivet in a row to
the next rivet in the adjacent row in a zigzag riveted joint.
Margin (m): It is the distance from the edge of the plate to the center of the
nearest rivet hole.
9) What are the proportions of parameters in riveted joints?
Thickness of plate t Diagonal pitch (Pd) (2p+d)/3
Diameter of rivet (d) 6√t Plate thick (t1) - single strap 1.125t
Pitch (p) 3d Plate thick (t2) - double strap 0.8t
Row pitch (Pr) - Chain 2d+6 Angle of beveled edge 10˚
Row pitch (Pr) - Zig Zag 2d Margin (m) 1.5d
10) What are the different types of riveted joints?
1) Lap joint
a) Single riveted lap joint
b) Double riveted lap joint (Chain)
c) Double riveted lap joint (zig-zag)
2) Butt joint
a) Single riveted single strap butt joint
b) Single riveted double strap butt joint
c) Double riveted double strap butt joint (Chain)
d) Double riveted double strap butt joint (zig-zag)

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11) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted lap joint (chain)
for 9mm thickness of plates. Show atleast two rivets in plan and
indicate the proportional dimensions and calculations.

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12) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a single riveted lap joint for 9mm
thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in plan and indicate the
proportional dimensions and calculations.

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13) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted lap joint (zig-
zag) for 9mm thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in plan and

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14) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a single riveted single strap butt
joint for 16mm thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in plan and

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15) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a single riveted double strap butt
joint for 16mm thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in plan and

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16) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted double strap butt
joint (chain) for 16mm thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in
plan and indicate the proportional dimensions and calculations.

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17) Draw sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted double strap butt
joint (zig-zag) for 16mm thickness of plates. Show atleast three rivets in
plan and indicate the proportional dimensions and calculations?

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18) Draw sectional elevation of a double riveted single strap butt joint
(chain) for 16mm thickness of plate and indicate the proportional
dimensions and calculations?
19) Draw sectional elevation of a double riveted single strap butt joint (zig-
zag) for 16mm thickness of plate and indicate the proportional
dimensions and calculations?

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CHAPTER 6
1) Write a brief note on keys? What are the different types of keys?
Keys are machine elements, used to prevent relative rotational movement between
a shaft and hub, or any parts mounted on the shaft; eg: pulleys, gears, coupling,
wheels, etc.
There are different types of keys. They are given below.
1) Saddle key
a) Hollow saddle key
b) Flat saddle key
2) Sunk key
a) Taper key
i. Sunk taper key
ii. Gib head key
iii. Taper pin
b) Parallel key or feather key
c) Woodruff key
3) Round key
KEYS AND COTTER JOINTS

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2) Briefly explain saddle key with simple figure and mark proportional
values.
Saddle keys are taper keys, with uniform width but tapering in thickness on the
upper face of the key. The magnitude of the taper will be 1:100. Saddle keys are
used for prevent relative rotational movement between a shaft and hub of small
sizes (light duty applications). Basically, there are two types of saddle keys; they
are 1) hollow saddle key and 2) flat saddle key.
Shaft diameter D Nominal thickness (T) 0.08D+1mm
Width of the key (W) 0.25D+2mm Taper 1 in 100
3) Define sunk key with simple figure and mark proportional values.
These are the standard forms of keys used in practice. The shape of the cross
section of the key may be either square or rectangle. Generally, half of the
thickness of the key fits into shaft keyway and remaining half in the hub keyway.

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They are generally used for heavy duty applications.
Sunk keys are divided in to three;
1) taper key,
2) parallel key or feather key and
3) woodruff key.
4) Give a brief note on Gib head key and state its uses. Draw a neat sketch
and mark all proportional values.
Gib head key is a taper sunk key with a
cross section of either rectangular or
square having a head at the large end to
facilitate easy removal from the hub and
shaft. This type of key is mostly used where
occasional maintenance of machine
assemblies.
Shaft diameter D
Width of the key (W) 0.25D+2mm
Nominal thickness (T) 0.2D+2mm
Taper 1 in 100

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5) Give a brief note on taper pin and state its uses. Draw a simple sketch
A taper pin is commonly used for fastening
a collar and pulley to shaft. In some
production machineries, taper pin is
sometimes used as a safety device. If an
overload produces during working, the pin
will be sheared and power transmission will
be stopped.
6) What is feather key? State its uses. Draw a simple sketch and mark all
proportional values.
A feather key is a sunk key of uniform width and
thickness. This may also be known as parallel key.
These keys are used when the parts (gears,
clutches, etc.) mounted are required to slide
along the shaft; permitting relative axial
movement. The feather key may be fitted into the
keyway provided on the shaft by two or more
screws, having counter sunk heads.
Shaft diameter D
Diameter of taper key (d) 0.2D
Taper 1 in 50
Shaft diameter D
Width of the key (W) 0.25D+2mm
Nominal thickness (T) 0.2D+2mm

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7) Briefly explain woodruff key? State its uses and draw a simple figure
Woodruff key is a sunk key, in the form of a segment of a
circular disc of uniform thickness. As the bottom surface of the
key is circular, the keyway in the shaft will be suitable to
accommodate the woodruff key by providing same curvature
of the key bottom. Woodruff keys are mainly used on tapered
shafts of machine tools and automobiles.
8) Write a short note on of cotter? State its uses and name different types
of cotter joints.
A cotter is a flat wedge-shaped piece of steel which is used to connect rigidly two
rods which transmit motion in the axial direction without rotation. It is uniform in
thickness but tapering in width generally on one side. The magnitude of taper will
be 1 in 30. The important cotter joints are;
1) Socket and spigot joint,
2) Cotter joint with sleeve, and
3) Gib and cotter joint.
Shaft diameter D
Thickness of the key (T) D/6
Radius of the key (R) 2T or D/3

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9) Figure below shows an isometric view of a machine component.
Identify the component. Write their uses. Draw the bottom half section
front view and right side end view. Mark all dimensions.
This is a Socket and spigot joint. This joint is widely used to connect the piston rod
and crosshead of a steam engine, as a joint between the piston rod and the tailor
pump rod, foundation bolt etc.

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10) Identify the figure, state its uses and draw the full sectional front view.
This is Socket and spigot joint. This joint is widely used to connect the piston rod
and crosshead of a steam engine, as a joint between the piston rod and the tailor
pump rod, foundation bolt etc.

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11) Identify the figure, state its uses and draw the bottom half sectional
elevation.
This is a Gib and cotter joint. A Gib and cotter joint is usually used in strap end (or
big end) of a connecting rod.

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CHAPTER 7
1) Write a brief note on importance of shaft bearings. What are the two
types of anti-friction bearings?
Shaft bearings are extensively used for supporting rotating shafts. It enables the
shaft to rotate smoothly, with very low friction and noise. It also helps to reduce the
wear between mating parts. Ball bearing and roller bearing are examples of anti-
friction bearing.
2) What are the applications of shaft bearings? What is the difference
between ball bearing and roller bearing?
Shaft bearings are extensively used for
supporting rotating shafts. It enables the
shaft to rotate smoothly, with very low
friction and noise. It also helps to reduce
the wear between mating parts.
In ball bearing, the rolling elements are
balls and in the case of roller bearing, rolling elements are rollers. The rollers may
be either cylindrical or conical. Roller bearing will support heavy loads than ball
bearing.
SHAFT BEARINGS

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3) What are the different types of bearings?
1) Sliding contact bearing
I. Journal bearing
a) Solid bearing
b) Bushed Pedestal bearing
c) Bracket and hanger bearings
II. Thrust bearing
a) Pivot or foot step bearing
b) Collar thrust bearing
2) Rolling Contact bearing or antifriction bearing
I. Ball bearing
II. Roller bearing
a) Cylindrical roller bearing
b) Taper roller bearing
c) Needle bearing

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4) Write a brief note on solid bearing and bushed bearing?
Solid bearing is a cast iron cylindrical block with rectangular base. This has a
cylindrical hole to support long horizontal shafts. Lubrication is applied between
bearing and shaft to reduce friction. This type of bearing has no provision for
adjusting the wear. It is only suitable for small loads.
Bushed bearing is a modified form of a solid bearing. A bush made with soft
material (say, brass, bronze, or gunmetal) has incorporated with the solid bearing.
The shaft is rotated through the bush. Lubrication is applied between bush and
shaft to reduce friction.
5) Which type bearings are used for supporting shafts subjected to axial
loads?
Thrust bearings are used for support shafts subjected to axial loads.
6) With simple figures, briefly explain thrust bearing.
Thrust bearings are used to support shafts
subjected to axial loads. Foot step bearing and
Collar bearing are examples of thrust bearings.
Foot step bearing is used to support vertical
shaft under axial load in which the end of the
shaft rest on the bearing.

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Collar thrust bearing is generally used for supporting a horizontal shaft under axial
load (thrust). In this case the shaft which is passed and extended through the
bearing. The shaft in a collar thrust bearing consists of one or more collars.
7) What are the applications of wall bracket and hanger bearings?
Wall bracket and hangers with bearings mounted are used to support transmission or
line shafts. Bracket bearing, supports a shaft running parallel to a wall or a row of
pillars. Hanger bearings support a shaft running parallel to a beam or ceiling.

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8) An isometric view of a solid bearing is shown in figure below. Draw the
right half sectional elevation.

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9) Identify the object and state its uses. Draw the left half sectional
elevation and mark all important dimensions.
This is a bushed bearing. Bushed bearing is extensively used for supporting
rotating shafts. It enables the shaft to rotate smoothly, with very low friction and
noise. It also helps to reduce the wear between mating parts. In order to reduce the
friction and wear, bush is provided in the bearing. The shaft rotates through the
bush.

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10) Pictorial view of a bushed bearing is shown below. Draw the right
half sectional front view and top view.

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11) Identify the object and state its uses. Draw the right half sectional
elevation and mark all important dimensions.
This is a foot step bearing. This bearing is used for supporting lower end of the
vertical rotating shaft.

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12) Give a brief note on pedestal bearing? State its applications and write
any one example.
Pedestal bearing is another form of journal
bearing, which is used for supporting long shafts
which requires intermediate support. The main
parts of a pedestal bearing are base or pedestal,
cap, bush (split into two halves). Plummer block
is an example of pedestal bearing.
13) Pictorial drawing of a foot step bearing is shown in figure. Draw the
full sectional front view and plan and mark important dimensions.

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FIRST TERMINAL EXAMINATIONS 2016-2017
ENGINEERING DRAWING III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Prepare a short note about the importance of multi-view drawing in
industry.
In order to produce a new product, it is necessary to know its true dimensions, and
true dimensions are not adequately represented in most pictorial drawings.
Engineering and technology depend on exact size and shape descriptions for
designs, the best approach is to use parallel projection technique called
orthographic projection to create views that show only two of the three (width,
height, depth) dimensions. If the object is correctly positioned relative to the
projection planes, the dimensions of features will be represented in true size in one
or more of the views. Multi-view drawings provide the most accurate description of
three dimensional objects and structures of engineering, manufacturing, and
construction requirements.
2) When is it possible to combine one-half of an extrenal view and one
half of a sectional view, and how they arranged on orthographic
projection?
In a half sectional orthographic projection, sectioned
part view as well as non-sectioned part view (external
view) can be arranged as a single view. In this,
sectioned part view is arranged either in left or right of
the center line and external parts view (non- sectioned
view), can be arranged in other half side of the
sectioned part view. This is can be explained as per
the sketch below.
3
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Total score : 80Time: 3 Hours

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3) Name the objects which are not sectioned longitudinally while
preparing sectional views.
Shaft, pin, nut, bolt, rivet, spokes, key, cotter, gib, pulley, etc. are not sectioned
longitudinally while preparing sectional views.
4) How do you section adjacent parts?
When preparing a section drawing of a machine assembly, each part shall be
hatched with continuous thin line, whose direction will be different. If the direction
of hatch line is in same, different line space also can be provided. Refer the
drawing for getting clear idea to this subject.
5) Draw the conventional representation for the following materials
(a) Steel (b) Lead (c) Leather (d) Concrete
2
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6) With the help of a neat sketch show the nomenclature of screw thread
7) Draw the conventional representation of External and Internal threads
as recommended by BIS
8) Draw ISO metric thread profiles both internal and external in section
showing at least three threads. Indicate all standard proportion in the
drawing in terms of pitch, P. Take P = 50mm.
10
8i
m
po
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an
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dr
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10
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15
8i
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po
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an
ce
of

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9) Pictorial view of a V-block is shown in figure. Draw the front view, top
view and right side view and dimension the views as per BIS 25
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ce
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dr
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in
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str
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SECOND TERMINAL EXAMINATIONS 2015-2016
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) A revolved section is made by revolving the cross-
section view 90 degrees about an axis of revolution and
superimposing the section view on the orthographic view.
Visible lines adjacent to the revolved view can be either
drawn or broken out using conventional breaks.
b) A removed section differs from the revolved section
in that the section is removed to an open area on the
drawing, instead of being drawn directly on the view.
Removed sections are used when there is not enough room
on the orthographic view for a revolved section.
Left hand thread advances into engagement in a direction away from the observer
when turned in an anti-clockwise direction. The clockwise rotary motion of a nut
with left-hand thread screws it off a bolt. All left hand threads are chosen ‘LH’.
1. What you mean by the following.
a) Revolved Section b) Removed Section
2. What is a left hand thread?
3
2

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The joints in the assembled machine parts and structural components will have
unnecessary vibrations during them working. This may slacken the joint, leading to
series breakdown. To eliminate the slacking tendency of the assembled or erected
machine components, loosening of the nut shall be prevented. This can be
achieved by the use of locking arrangements. When using the locking
arrangements, rotation of the nut in reverse direction is prevented by providing a
lock nut below the standard nut.
3. Draw the three views of a hexagonal bolt of size M30. The length of the
bolt is 100mm and thread length is 60mm. 20
4. Why is locking arrangement required with the screwed fastenings?
Sketch any two locking devices, taking the bolt diameter as 40mm. 12

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1) Lap joint
a) Single riveted lap joint
b) Double riveted lap joint (Chain)
c) Double riveted lap joint (zig-zag)
2) Butt joint
a) Single riveted single strap butt joint
b) Single riveted double strap butt joint
c) Double riveted double strap butt joint (Chain)
d) Double riveted double strap butt joint (zig-zag)
5. Name the different types of riveted joints 3

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(Note: Use equations to calculate all ratios. Refer notes given)
Sunk taper keys are standard forms of keys used in practice and square or
rectangular in cross section. Half of the thickness of the key fits into the shaft key
way and remaining half in the hub keyway. The width of the key is constant, but
thickness may be varied. Bottom surface of the key is straight and top surface is
tapered. Taper angle may be 1:100. These are used for heavy duty applications.
6. Draw the elevation and plan of the following types of rivet heads. Take
the diameter of the rivet as 20mm. Show all the proportional dimensions
in terms of rivet diameter ‘d’.
a) Snap head
b) Rounded counter sunk head
10
7. Compare sunk taper key and saddle key. Draw isometric views of flat
and hollow saddle keys for diameter 50 mm shafts, taking standard
proportions. 10

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Saddle keys are taper keys with uniform width and have a taper on thickness over
the top side. Magnitude of taper is 1:100. This is suitable for light duty applications.
There are two types of saddle keys. They are hollow saddle key and flat saddle key.
In hollow saddle key, no key ways are provided on the shaft and key slot will be
provided only on hub. In flat saddle key, key ways are provided in both shaft and
hub.
(Note: Use equations to calculate all ratios. Refer notes given)

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8. Draw sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted double strap butt
joint (chain) for 16mm thickness of plates. Show at least three rivets in
plan and indicate the proportional dimensions
20

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Draw the margin and title block in the proper place of drawing sheet
and write the drawing details in the title block.
(Note: Refer text book for complete details. Keep left margin as 20mm, top, right and bottom margins
as 10mm. Do not mark dimensions on title block).
2) Name the different types of thread profiles.
Metric Thread, V Thread, BSW Thread, Buttress Thread, Square Thread, ACME
Thread, Worm Thread.
3) Draw the three views of a Hexagonal Nut (Size M40)
5
12
5

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4) Draw the Front view and Top view of the Castle nut method in locking
arrangement of nuts (Bolt diameter 40mm). 7

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5) Name the different types of sectional views.
a) Full sectional views
b) Half sectional views:
Top half sectional view, Bottom half sectional view, Right half sectional view,
Left half sectional view, Revolved sectional view, Removed sectional view,
Partial, broken or local sectional view, etc.
6) Draw the Elevation and plan of the following rivet heads. Take rivet dia
as 30mm.
a) Snap head b) Pan head
7) Draw the isometric view (free hand sketch) of a Gib Head Key and
prepare the approximate proportional dimension chart of Gib head key.
3
10
8

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8) Draw the sectional elevation and plan of a single riveted double strap
butt joint. Show atleast three rivets in the plan and indicate the
proportional dimensions. Thickness of plate is 16mm. 20

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9) Draw the full sectional elevation of the object shown in figure. Take
section along A-A. Mark the dimensions. 10

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MODEL EXAMINATIONS MARCH - 2016-2017
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART – A
1) Draw the hatch patterns of the following materials.
a) Asbestos b) Copper c) Lead d) Marble
2) Draw the profile of following ISO metric screw threads
a) Buttress thread b) Worm thread
3) State the application of locking arrangements? Write any four methods
of locking of nuts.
The joints used in moving parts of a machinery subjected to vibrations. This may
slacken the joint, leading to serious breakdown. To eliminate the slacking tendency,
different methods of arrangements are used to lock the nuts.
a) Lock nut b) Locking by split pin c) Locking by castle nut d) Locking by plate
(Locking by spring washer, wiles lock nut, set screw, screw, and grooved nut may also be
considered)
[4]
[4]
[4]

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4) Briefly give a note on woodruff key and state where it is used.
Woodruff key is a sunk key, in the form of a segment of a circular disc of uniform
thickness. As the bottom surface of the key is circular, the key way in the shaft is in
the form of a circular recess to the same curvature. A keyway is made in the hub of
the mounting as same as the shape of the woodruff key. Fig. shows the shape of
the woodruff key. Woodruff key is mainly used on tapered shafts of machine tools
and automobiles.
5) What are the uses of shaft bearings? What is the difference between
ball bearing and roller bearing?
Shaft bearings are generally used for supporting rotating shafts. It provides free
and smooth rotation to the shafts. Bearing reduces the friction between mating
members directly involved in the rotation.
The difference between ball bearing and roller bearing is that, in ball bearing, rolling
elements are metal balls and in the case of roller bearing rolling elements are metal
rollers either cylindrical or conical in shape.
PART – B
6) Pictorial view of an object is shown in Fig-1. Draw the front view, top
view and left side end view as per the first angle projection method and
mark all dimensions.
[4]
[15]
[4]

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7) Draw the front view and top view of a hexagonal headed bolt of M30
size. Length of the bolt is 100mm and thread length is 60mm. Bolt axis
will be in vertical direction. Neatly mark all required dimensions and
calculations. [15]

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8) Draw sectional front view and plan of a double riveted lap joint (chain)
for 9mm thickness of plates. Show at least two rivets on the plan and
mark all dimensional values and details of calculations. [15]

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9) An isometric view of an object is shown in Fig-2. Write the name of the
object. Draw the bottom half section front view and left side end view.
Mark required dimensions.
(Fig-2 not shown)
Name of the object is ‘SOCKET AND SPIGOT JOINT’.
[15]

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ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS MARCH - 2016-2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Name the thread used in the lead screw of a lathe, draw its profile with
40 mm pitch, indicate at least three threads
The thread used in the lead screw of a lathe is Acme.
2) Identify the rivet heads used in a joint in which the surface of the plate
is free from projecting heads, draw its elevation, take the diameter of
rivet 30 mm.
The rivet head used in a joint in
which the surface of the plate
is free from projecting the
heads is a counter sunk head.
[5]
[4]

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3) Draw the conventional representation of the following materials in
section
a) Aluminium b) Tin c) Fibre d) Porcelain
4) Draw the elevation and plan of a square nut M30. Show all
proportional dimensions in terms of ’d’.
5) List any four types of nut locking arrangements. Draw the elevation
and plan of a split pin locking arrangements.
1) Lock nut, 2) Locking by split-pin, 3) Locking by castle nut, and 4) Locking by
plate, are examples of nut locking arrangements
[4]
[8]
[8]

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6) Compare sunk taper key and saddle key. Draw the isometric view of a
Gib head key.
Sunk taper is a key with either square or rectangular
cross section. In this type of keys, half part of the key
will be inside the shaft key way and remaining half will
be inside the hub keyway. Generally, this is suitable for
heavy load applications. Taper key, parallel key or
feather key and woodruff key are the three types of sunk keys.
In saddle keys, most part of the key will be inside the hub key way and no key way
will be provided in the shaft. These are usually used for light duty load applications.
Hollow saddle key and flat saddle key are examples of saddle keys.
[3]

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7) Draw the sectional elevation of a double riveted single strap butt joint
in chain riveting. Take plate thickness 9 mm.
8) Draw the plan, elevation and end view of the object shown in the
figure.
[12]
[14]

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9) Identify the figure and draw the full sectional elevation and side view.
This is a socket and spigot joint.
[22]

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FIRST TERMINAL EXAMINATIONS 2017-2018
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) The plane mutually perpendicular to VP and HP on which the third
view is projected is known as … Profile plane.
2) The image obtained on a VP is … Front view
3) The position order of plane object and observer in the first angle
projection is ….. Observer – Object – Plane of projection
4) In a projection, there are four factors are included, what are they?
Object, Plane of projection, projector, Observer
5) If you have to draw projections of an object, what are the various steps
to be considered first?
Drawing sheet layout, setting of margin, construction of title block, spacing of views
according to the size, etc. are the various steps to be considered to draw
projections of an object.
6) What made necessary to draw sectional views of an object?
The internal details of an object are not possible to represent with normal
orthographic views. A primary reason for creating a section view is the elimination
of hidden lines, so that a drawing can be more easily understood or visualize.
Traditional section views are based on the use of an imaginary cutting plane that
cuts through the object to reveal interior details.
Total score : 80
Time: 3 Hours
[2]
[2]
[2]
[4]
[4]
[3]

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7) State the classification of sectional views?
a) Full sectional front view (Elevation)
b) Full sectional top view (Plan)
c) Full sectional right side view (R.S. end view)
d) Full sectional left side view (L.S. end view)
a) Front view
b) Top view
c) Right side view
d) Left side view
5) Partial, broken or local sectional views
8) What do you mean by full sectional views?
Full sectional view is a sectional
view obtained by assuming the
entire object is cut by the cutting
plane and removed the half
portion of the object.
9) Draw the line used to show cutting planes with a simple sketch?
[4]
[3]
[3]

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10) Draw the conventional representation method for the following
materials.
(a)Steel (b) White metal (c) Marble (d) Copper
`
11) Explain the nomenclature of screw thread with a line sketch of a
thread
OR
Draw the design profiles of metric external and internal thread with
suitable diameter.
Nomenclature of screw thread
1) Nominal diameter (major diameter): This
is the largest diameter of a screw thread,
touching the crests of an external thread
or the roots of an internal thread.
2) Root diameter (minor or core diameter):
This is the smallest diameter of a screw
thread, touching the roots of an external
thread or the crests of an internal thread.
3) Pitch diameter (effective diameter): This is
a theoretical diameter between the major and minor diameter of screw threads.
4) Pitch: Pitch of a thread is the distance measured parallel to the axis from a point
on a thread to the corresponding points on adjacent thread forms in the same
axial plane and on the same side of the axis.
[10]
[14]

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5) Lead: It is the distance the nut moves parallel to the screw axis when the nut is
given one turn. In a single start thread, lead is same as the pitch of the screw
thread.
6) Crest: Crest of the thread is the top most surface joining the two sides.
7) Root: Root of the thread is the bottom of the groove between the two flanks.
8) Depth: Depth is the distance between the crest and root of the thread.
9) Flank: Flank is straight edges which connect the crest with the root of the
thread.
10)Thread angle: Thread angle is the angle between the flanks of the thread
measured in an axial plane.
11)Axis of a thread: This is an imaginary line running longitudinally through the
center of the screw.
Design profiles of metric external and internal thread

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12) How can distinguish left hand and right hand thread from a direct
vision, describe with a free hand line sketch.
A right hand thread is one, which advances
in to the nut, when turned in clockwise
direction.
A left hand thread is one, which advances
in to the nut, when turned in anti-clockwise
direction
13) Draw the multi views of the following figure in 1st
angle projection
with title block
[5]
[24]

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Prepare the margin and title block in the proper place of drawing sheet
and write the drawing details in title block.
Left margin – 20mm,
Right, Top & bottom margins – 10mm
(Do not given dimensions to the title block in the drawing sheet)
2) Draw the isometric view of rivet as a free hand sketch and indicate the
parts.
[5]
[4]

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3) Draw the conventional representation of internal thread and external
thread.
4) Draw the elevation and plan of split pin method in locking
arrangements of nuts. Taking the bolt diameter as 40mm.
[4]
[7]

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5) Draw the elevation, plan and side view of a hexagonal headed bolt. Size
M30, thread length 80mm, bolt length 100mm. [13]

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6) Draw the sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted lap joint
(chain). Show atleast three rivets in the plan and indicate the
proportional dimensions. Thickness of plate is 16mm.
[15]

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7) Name the different forms of rivet heads. Draw the elevation and plan of
any two types of rivet heads. Diameter of rivet is 30mm.
Different forms of rivet heads are given below:
1) Snap or cup head
2) Pan head
3) Countersunk head
4) Rounded countersunk head
5) Conical head
6) Ellipsoid head
7) Mushroom head
[10]

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8) Draw the full sectional elevation and side view of the shaft and hub
joined using a sunk taper key. The diameter of shaft is 30mm. Indicate
the proportions also.
9) What are the different forms of nuts?
Following are the different forms of nuts.
1) Hexagonal nut
2) Square nut
3) Flanged nut
4) Cap nut
5) Dome nut
6) Capstan nut
7) Slotted or ring nut
8) Wing nut
[8]
[4]

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10) Draw the full sectional elevation of the object shown in figure. Take
section along A-A. Mark the dimensions. [10]

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MODEL EXAMINATIONS 2017-2018
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Define multi view projection.
Multi view projections are used to provide accurate three-dimensional object
information on two dimensional media, a means of communicating all of the
information necessary to transform an idea or concept into reality. It gives full
details of an object like, actual shape, size, dimensions and other specifications.
2) List any four types of sectional views.
section.
(a) White metal (b) Glass (c) Cork (d) Concrete
4) Write short note on the essentiality of Keys. Prepare an isometric view
of any one of the key.
Keys are machine elements, used to prevent relative
rotational movement between a shaft and hub, or any
parts mounted on the shaft; eg: pulleys, gears,
coupling, wheels, etc.
[2]
[2]
[4]
[5]

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5) Draw elevation, plan and right side end view of the following figure [15]

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6) Draw the elevation and plan of a hexagonal nut of size M30. Show all
proportional dimensions in terms of ‘d’. [12]

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7) Draw the sectional elevation and plan of a double riveted lap joint
(chain). Take plate thickness = 9mm. Show atleast 3 rivets in plan and
indicate all the proportional dimensions in terms of rivet dia ‘d’. [18]

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8) Identify the figure and draw the left side half sectional elevation and
plan of the object shown in figure.
This is a bushed bearing.
[22]

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ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS 2017-2018
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
section.
(a) Steel (b) Zinc (c) Rubber (d) Glass
2) Draw the free hand isometric view of
(a)Rivet
(b)Woodruff key
3) Write short note with simple sketches
(a)Revolved section and removed section
(b) Journal bearing and thrust bearing
[4]
[6]
[8]

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(a) Revolved section: A revolved section is made by revolving a cross section view
90° about an axis of revolution and superimposing the section view on the
orthographic.
Removed section: A removed section is similar except the view is removed to
another part of the drawing.
(b) Journal bearing: When the load on the bearing is perpendicular to the axis of
the shaft, the bearing is known as journal bearing. A Journal Bearing contains a
journal or shaft that freely rotates in a support with a shell or metal sleeve. In
this bearing there are no rolling elements. Solid bearing, bushed bearing,
pedestal bearing and bracket and hanger bearing are belongs to this category.
Thrust bearing: Thrust bearings are used to support shafts subjected to axial
loads. Foot step bearings and collar bearings are belongs to this category.

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4) Draw any two types of rivet heads of dia 18mm, with all preportions
mark in it. [10]

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5) An isometric view of an object shown in figure below. Draw its Plan,
Elevation and Left side view in first angle projection. Mark all
dimensions neatly. [12]

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6) Draw the Sectional Elevation and Plan of Double riveted Lap joint
(Chain). Thickness of main plate is 16mm. Show atleast three rivets in
plan and indicate the proportional dimensions. [16]

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7) Identify the figure and draw the right half sectional elevation, top view
and left side view of the given figure.
This is a solid journal bearing.
[24]

Engineering Drawing III for Technical High School students of Kerala state

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Engineering Drawing III for Technical High School students of Kerala state