One does not simply explain "cloud". A continuum from virtual machines to the cloud, with a Star Trek bias. Holodeck, virtual machines, hypervisors, pulbic cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, VirtualBox, Ubuntu, OpenStack, and finally, Make it so!

1. “Computer, end program”
Making virtual worlds possible
Sameer Verma, Ph.D.
Professor, Information Systems Department
College of Business, San Francisco State University
San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
http://verma.sfsu.edu/
sverma@sfsu.edu
Unless noted otherwise

2. Holodeck on StarTrek Enterprise TNG

3. Holodeck
● Star Trek:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodeck
● A simulated reality, where 3D worlds could
be simulated with force fields and
projections.
● Load, run, freeze and store programs.

4. Final scene of Star Trek: Enterprise
http://youtu.be/pXotJu1CapU

5. As it was in the beginning
● Mainframe virtualization.
● IBM's CP-40 research system in 1967.
● Compartmentalize large processing
capabilities.
● Run processes separately.
● Lease “slices” to different customers.

6. Too many servers?
● Data center challenges
● One physical server for one application
– Web
– Storage
– Authentication
– Network
Power, Cooling, Bandwidth...
= 4

7. Rise of Apache
● Apache VirtualHost.
● Multiple virtual web hosts in each physical
server.
● Led to the adoption of Apache in server
rooms.
● Eventually led to Linux to run these websites.
● Still one underlying OS.
Single point of failure?

8. Hypervisor
This is not a hypervisor
...although it is a VISOR
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge#VISOR
http://startrek.asatem.cz/storage/laforge_geordi01.jpg

9. Hypervisor
hypervisor
operating system operating system operating system
hardware
Type 1: Bare Metal (example: kvm)
apps appsapps apps apps apps apps

10. Hypervisor
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (guest) operating system operating system
operating system (host)
Type 2: Hosted (example: virtualbox)
apps apps apps apps apps appsapps

11. Paravirtualization
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (modified)
operating system (host)
apps appsapps
common
Example: Linux Container (LXC)

12. Cloud
memegenerator.net

13. Public and Private clouds
Public Private

14. Hybrid clouds
Public Private
+

15. Hypervisors galore!
Hypervisors (xen, kvm, vmware, hyper-v, virtualbox, ...)
https://www.openstack.org/software/

16. Start local, go global.
http://virtualbox.org

17. Moving up to the cloud

18. *aaS
● Software as a Service (SaaS)
– Salesforce.com, GoogleDocs
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
– Google App Engine, Heroku, OpenShift
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
– OpenStack, Eucalyptus, CloudStack
● Metal as a Service (MaaS)
– Ubuntu MaaS

19. Orchestration
https://juju.ubuntu.com/

20. Juju + charms
Juju
charms

21. Cloud computing