components of skin

1. The integument
by
Syafiqa Al-Azua Binti

2. I’d like to talk about
• How many layers are there in the
skin ?
• What are these layers made of ?
• What are their significant
functions ?

3. But.
What is this …. 
SKIN?

4. 1.Largest organ
2.Also known as
INTEGUMENT
or
CUTANEOUS
LAYER

5. Our skin are made of 3 basic
layers
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Epithermal layer of
ectodermal origin
A layer of mesodermal Beneath the dermis
connective tissue

8. 1st skin layer- Epidermis
 Outermost layer of the skin
 Have 4 different types of cells
 But mainly are STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED
EPITHILIUM – composed of cells called keratinocytes
 The other NON-KERATINOCYTE CELLS

pigment-producing melanocytes

antigen-producing langerhans cells

tactile merkel cells

9. Layers of epidermis
 Stratum corneum
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum granulosum – the granular layer
 Stratum spinosum – the spinous layer
 Stratum basale – the basal layer

16. WHAT IT DOES -
COMPONENTS –
• Supports epidermis & binds it to the hypodermis
• Site for epidermal derivatives (e.g: hair follicles &
glands)
• irregular in shape & has many projections called Dermal
Papillae.
• Have abundance of nerve supply
DERMIS
Have BASEMENT MEMBRANE
• located in between the epidermis’s stratum basale &
dermis’s papillary layer.
• Composed of Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina
• Important for nutrients to pass through from the
vascular dermis into the avascular epidermis.
Consists of 2 layers with indistinct
boundaries
• OUTERMOST PAPILLARY LAYER
• Constitutes the major parts of the dermis
• Functions : produce anchoring – to be inserted into
basal lamina for the binding of dermis and epidermis
• DEEPER RETICULAR LAYER
• Thicker & composed of irregular dense CT
• Has more fibers than cells
• Present of elastic fiber to provide elasticityu

17. Dermal papillae
• Projections of dermal layers into the epidermis.
• Interlock with epidermal pegs
• It is more numerous in skin that is subjected to frequent
pressure. HOW???
 By increasing the epidermal-dermal junction

19. HypoDermis
1. Consists of loose connective tissue – e.g: fat cells /
adipocytes (vary in number according to different region
of the body & vary in size according to the nutritional
state)
2. Binds the skin loosely to the subjacent organs - This
enable the skin to slide over them.
3. Have an extensive vascular supply – promote rapid
uptake of insulin / drug injected into the tissue.