Chemistry Form 4: UPSI/SLISS 2012 Chapter 8: Salt (Part 1)

2. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lessons, students should
be able to:
a) state examples of salts used in daily life
b) explain the meaning of salt
c) identify soluble and insoluble salts
d) describe the preparation of soluble
salts.

3. Food preparation
• NaCl-seasoning
food
• MSG- enhance
food taste
Medical
• CaCO3 –antacid
that reduce
Uses of Food
preservation
• NaCl- salted fish
acidity in the
stomach of
gastric patients
salts • NaNO2 -preserve
prosessed meat
Agriculture
• Nitrate salts-
fertilisers

4. • Salt is formed in neutralization.
• Salt : ionic compound.
– anion part – acid
Anion from
– cation part – base the acid
KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2O
Cation from the
base
• Definition of salts
A salt is a compound formed when
the hydrogen ion, H+ from an acid is
replaced by metal ion or
ammonium ion, NH4+.

5. • SOLUBILITY
An ability of a compound to dissolve
in solvents
Depends on the cation and anion
present

6. Types of salts Solubility in water
Sodium , Na N
All are soluble
Ammonium A
Potassium ,K K
Nitrate All are soluble
Chloride All are soluble except PbCl2
P
AgCl and HgCl.
A
H
Sulphate All are soluble except Pantai
PbSO4, CaSO4 and BaSO4 Cahaya
Bulan
Carbonate salts All are insoluble except
Na2CO3 N
(NH4)2CO3, ammonium carbonate A
K2CO3 K

7. Type Of Salts
Insoluble salt Soluble salt
Salt that undissolve Salt that dissolve in water
in water (at room (at room temperature)
temperature)
Before preparing salt:
Soluble
We must know
whether the salt is or Have different
method to prepare
Insoluble salt

8. Example
Soluble salts Insoluble salts
AgCl
PbCrO4
PbCl2
PbI2
NaOH
BaSO4
NH4OH
PbSO4
Lead halide such as PbCl2, PbBr2, PbI2 are soluble in hot
water, but insoluble in cold water

9. •Sodium salts
Acid + alkali salt + water
•Potassium salts Example: HCl + NaOH NaCl +
•Ammonium salts H2O
Acid + metal oxide salt + water
Other salts Example: CuO + H2SO4 MgSO4 +
H2O
Acid + metal salt + hydrogen gas
Example: Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 +
H2
Acid + metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxide
Example: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

10. HCl + NaOH NaCl
Titration method
Evaporation/Heating
Cooling/crystallization
Filtration
Dry

11. T-Titration
H- Heat
C- Cooling/Crystallisation
F- Filtration
D- Dry

12. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Add metallic
oxide/metal/carbonate oxide
Heating
Filtration
Recrystallisation

13. A- Adding
H- Heating
F- Filtration
R- Recrystallisation