3. Objective
At the end of this presentation students will be able to
• Understand the term disaster
• Classify disaster without any error
• Analyze disaster and its phases
• Manage disaster through guidelines and principles
• Apply knowledge for sorting and prioritizing patients according to need
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4. Outline
– Define disaster
– Classification of disaster
– Define Disaster management
– Principle of disaster management
– Components of disaster management
– Phases of disaster management
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5. Disaster
– Originated from Greek world ‘’dus’’ mean bad and “aster” mean star.
Calamity due to position of planet and star.
– “’A disaster can be defines as any occurrence that cause damaged
,ecological disruption, loss of human being,deteriotation of health and
health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or area.”(W.H.O)
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8. Manmade disaster
• Transport failure
• FireTechnological
• Chemical spills
• Radioactive raysIndustrial
• War
• Terrorism
• Internal conflict
Warfare
Manmade Disaster
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9. Disaster Management
– “The range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and
emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at risk
persons avoid or recover from the impact of a disaster” (Cluny)
– A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating
and implementing measures which are necessary for prevention.
Reduction, capacity building, preparedness, promotion ,evacuation and
rehabilitation.
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10. Aim of Disaster Management
1) Reverse adverse health effects caused by the event;
2) Modify the hazard responsible for the event (reducing the risk of the
occurrence of another event);
3) Decrease the vulnerability (increase the resiliency) of the society to future
events; and
4) Improve disaster preparedness to respond to future events.
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11. Principle of Disaster Management
– Disaster management is the responsibility of all sphere of
government.
– Disaster management should use the resources that exist for a
day to day purpose,
– Disaster management planning should focus on large scale events
– disaster management should recognize the differences between
incidents and disaster events.
– Disaster management must recognize the involvement and
potential role of non government agencies.
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17. Disaster Preparedness
– Multisectoral activity
– Integral part of national system responsible for developing plans and
programmed for disaster management, prevention ,mitigation, response
,rehabilitation and reconstruction.
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18. Cont.…
– It include following steps
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Direction
Coordination
Reporting
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19. Medical Preparedness and Mass Causality
Management
– Developing and capacity building of medical team for trauma and
psychosocial care.
– Mass causality management and triage.
– Determine causality handling capacity of hospital.
– Identify structural integrity and approach route.
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20. Disaster Response
– Immediate reaction to disaster as disaster is anticipated or soon after it
begins in order to access the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread
and consequence of disaster ,open up the way to rehabilitation
Four Major Phases (many sub-categories)
– Activation
– Implementation
– Mitigation
– Recovery
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21. Cont.…
– It can be managed by
• Mass evacuation
• Search and rescue
• Emergency medical services
• Securing food and water
• Maintenance of law and order
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22. Medical and Public Health Response
– Pre-hospital emergency services.
– Assessment of Immediate health needs.
– Identification of medical and health resources.
– Temporary field care .
– Communicable disease control by food and water safety.
– Waste management
– Immunization
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24. Impact of Disaster
– Disaster affect all aspects of life.
– Impact of disaster are following
– Health
– Physical-entanglement ,injuries, disabilities, coma ,death
– Psychological- cognitive behavioral, social
– Structural damage- to variable extent.
– Ecological- changes in ecosystem.
– Economical- financial losses. 11/7/2019
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25. Symptoms After Disaster
Physiological
• Fatigue
• Shock symptoms
• Chills
• Dizziness
• Tremors
• Profuse sweating
• Teeth gridding
Cognitive
• Memory loss
• Reduced attention
• Difficulty in decision
making
• confusion
Emotional
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Irritability
• Anticipation of harm
to self or others
Behavioral
• Insomnia
• Hyper willingness
• Rigidity
• Substance abuse
• Gait change
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26. Disaster Recovery
It include recuperation.
– It include following process
• Repatriation-after emergency is over, displaced people return to their
place of origin.
• Rehabilitation-restoration of basic social function
• Reconstruction-permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructure.
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27. Elements of Recovery
– Community recovery
– Infrastructure recovery
– Economy recovery
– Environment recovery
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28. Disaster Mitigation
– Any process that is undertaken to reduce the immediate damage
otherwise being caused by a destructive force on the society
– There are two types of mitigation
– Primary Mitigation
– Secondary Mitigation
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30. Cont.…
Components of hazard analysis include
– Reducing hazard include protection against threat by removing
cause of threat.
– Hazard identification and mapping
– vulnerability analysis
– Reducing vulnerability including reducing the effect of threat
– Risk analysis
– Prevention
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31. Disaster Mitigation Measure
Active measure
Promotion of desired action by
– Planning control
– Training and education
– Economic assistance
– Public information
– Facilities-refugee points and
storage
Passive measure
Prevent undesired action by
– Requirement to conform with
design codes
– Checking compliance of
controls on site
– Court proceedings
– Control land use
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33. Role of A Nurse in Disaster Management
In Preparedness
– Education
– First aid programmed
– Emergency telephone number
– First aid kit
– Flash light
– Three days supply of water
– Notify the person in emergency
In Response
– Establish safety
– Utilization of available resources
life saving measures
– Evacuation and supply of
shelter, food ,water
– Management of infection control
– Medical treatment and nursing
care
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34. Cont.…
In mitigation
– Risk assessment
– The magnitude of disaster
– Coping strategies of local area
– Health personnel available
– Health facilities available
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35. Conclusion
– Disaster management can be managed by correct disaster
analysis , risk assessment and prevention.
– The main element in response and recovery are health
education.
– The role of nurse in disaster management are planner,
coordinator, reporter, director .
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36. Reference
– Public Health and Community Medicines ,shah –illays-Ansari-Irfan’s ,8th edition
– National disaster management guidelines, preparation of state disaster
management plans, July 2007.NDMA,GOI assessed on 19/03/2016
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A disaster is a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
The most common medical definition of a disaster is an event that results in casualties that overwhelm the healthcare system in which the event occurs.
A health disaster often is considered a medical disaster.
Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather, e.g. rain, drought, snow, extreme heat or cold, ice, or wind. ... Examples of weather disasters include blizzard, droughts, hailstorms, heat waves, hurricanes, floods (caused by rain), and tornadoes
Topography is the shape of the Earth's surface and its physical features. ... Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides, are all dramatic events that can quickly reshape topography
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human activity. This distinguishes it from the concept of a natural disaster
Phenomenon: Disaster type and intensity
Vulnerability: Predisposition and capacity of local response
Impact: Effect on population
This phase includes developing plans for what to do, where to go, or who to call for help before an event occurs; actions that will improve your chances of successfully dealing with an emergency. For instance, posting emergency Other examples include identifying where you would be able to shelter your people during caught on fire in a disaster. You should also consider preparing a disaster kit with essential supplies for your family and. you should consider fire alarm .
telephone numbers, holding disaster drills, and installing smoke detectors are all preparedness measures
Planning
Determine the available resources and situation
Define the objectives
deciding the policy and action during disaster
Organizing
It includes divining the works according to job description.
Direction mean providing leading in disaster management
coordination in and between teams needs special attention
Reporting mean providing correct information is needed in order to make mid evaluation changes.
Formulate appropriate treatment procedure and build teams for this purpose
Divide the role of each team in area of causality.
Involvement of private hospitals and clinic also.
Identify health care centers that function as medical unit.
activation include making teams ,dividing taks and help injured people.
Taking cover and holding tight in an earthquake, moving to the basement with your pets in a tornado, and safely leading horses away from a wildfire are examples of safe response. These actions can save lives.
mas evacuation is clearing of people out of a dangerous area, removal of contents; withdrawal, departure.
Prompt and proper treatment for save life.
Emergency
Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are emergency services which treat illnesses and injuries that require an urgent medical response, providing out-of-hospital treatment and transport to definitive care.[1] They may also be known as a first aid squad,[2] FAST squad,[3] emergency squad,[4] rescue squad,[5] ambulance squad,[6] ambulance corps & ,[7]life squad[8] or by other initialisms such as EMAS or EMARS. E.g CPR and cervical collar ,tracheostomy
Pre-hospital emergency services.
Linkage to government command system
Eternal medical services and extrication workers
Search and rescue team.
The impact refers to both positive and negative influences produced by the event on the environment.
.
Rehabilitation
Providing temporarily shelter,
stress debriefing for responder and victims,
economic rehabilitation,
psychosocial rehabilitation.
Reconstruction
Rebuilding homes
During recovery, you should also consider things to do that would lessen (mitigate) the effects of future disasters
he core recovery capability for infrastructure systems is the ability to efficientlyrestore the infrastructure systems and services to support a viable, sustainable community and improves resilience to and protection from future hazards
Primary mitigation reduce the hazard and vulnerability
Secondary mitigation include reducing the effect of hazards.
Mitigation activities should be considered long before an emergency.
For example, to mitigate fire in your home, follow safety standards in selecting building materials, wiring, and appliances
Hazard identification and mapping
Assessment- estimation probability of damaging phenomena of a given magnitude in a given area by history, maximu threat ,
vulnerability analysis a process which result in an understanding of the types and levels of exposure of person, property and the environment to the effect of identified hazards at particular time.
Risk analysis
DE terming the nature and scale of loses which can be anticipated in a particular area, involves analysis of probability of hazard of a particular magnitude, nature of vulnerability
Prevention
Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomena or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic property.
What are threats available to community as they are biological ,technological
How many people effected by disaster
What measure taken by people in pervious disaster
How many personnel's are trained and handle emergency
How many health care centers available for disaster .local agency
