2. PROPOSITION
Is the basic unit of language.
The core of the philosophy of great thinkers.
Logically, proposition only reveal the truth
condition of things, or their state s of affairs.
Reveals facts.
In logic, proposition is essentially
foundational, as all types of knowledge and
scientific reasoning are structured n the form
of a proposition.
3. Definition of a Proposition
“a statement of facts”.
“Propositional language reveals the world”-
Russell (logical atomism)
8. A- E- I- O Matrix
QUALITY
QUANTITY
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
UNIVERSAL or
SINGULAR A E
PARTICULAR I O
9. Hypothetical Proposition
Is a logical statements of conditions or
possibilities, options or speculative relations
of facts or supposed facts.
10. Conditional propositions
States a relationship of fact and its necessary
condition. It is distinctively marked by the “if”
and “then” clauses.
“if” antecedent- contains the condition of fact.
“then” consequent- states the possibility given
the antecedent.
Ex. If it is night, then it is dark.
antecedent consequent
11. Disjunctive proposition
Is about the alternative possibilities or
varieties of choices, marked by “either-
or”clause.
12. Strict disjunctive proposition
Present possibilities or options that exclude
each other.
The occurrence of one possibility or option
directly denies the other simply because they
are incompatible with each other.
Ex. You either run or walk or motionless.
13. Broad Disjunctive Propositions
Present possibilities or options that may
probably include each other.
The occurrence of one possibility or option
need not deny the others as they are
presumably compatible with each other.
Ex. Either he is good in math or science, or in
philosophy.
14. Conjunctive proposition
Speaks of possibilities that cannot be both
true at the same time, marked by article “and”
which combines in the proposition the
conflicting and compatible possibilities.
Ex. You cannot be guilty and innocent at the
same time.