it gives u all info u would want

1. By
Ayush Garg

2. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
Summary
Questions & Answers
Thank You

3. Only one directly accessible to the CPU.
Used to hold the temporarily data during the execution.
Other names are – Main Memory or Internal Memory
Types of Primary memory–
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
RAM – Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
PROM/EPROM - Programmable ROM
It has a Limited Capacity
Information is retained only when it is Actively
Rehearsed.

5. s
1. Secondary Memory also known as EXTERNAL
MEMORY or AUXILIARY MEMORY.
2. Often formatted according to a File Systems Format.
3. Provide abstraction necessary to organize data into files
and directories.
4. Also Providing Additional Information METADATA
describing the owner of the certain file.

6.  Allows
Stored Data to Be Accessed Quickly In Any
Random Order
It Has Taken The Form Of Integrated Circuits
 It is Associated With Volatile Types Of Memory
 Where The Stored Data Is LOST If The Power Is
REMOVED
 Any Location In The Device Can Be Selected At Random,
Access To The Information Stored Is DIRECT

7.  A Class Of Data Storage Device
 It Reads the Data In Sequence
 Very Much In Contrast With RAM (where Data Can Be
Accessed In Any Order)
 They Are Usually A Form Of Magnetic Devices
 Access Can STILL Be Made To Arbitrary Locations
 Typically Used For Secondary Storage
 It Has High Density And Cost As Compared To RAM
 As Well As Resistance to Wear and Non-Volatility
 EXAMPLE – Hard Disks, CD- ROMS And Magnetic Tapes

8.  HARD DISKS
 PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS
 OPTICAL DISKS
 SPECIALISED MEDIA
 FLOPPY DISKS

9.  Portable And Removable
 Flat Circular Mylar Media
 Magnetic Charge on Metal Oxide
Film Coating
 Standard 2 HD 1.44 MB
 Parts
 Tracks
 Sectors

10.  Floppy disk cartridges
 Zip Disks
 250 MB
 Super Disks
 120 MB
 HiFD disks
 200 MB

11.  Metallic disks
 Fast retrieval, greater capacity
 Read/write heads ride cushion of air .000001”
thick
 Three types
 Internal hard disk
 Hard-disk cartridge
 Hard-disk pack

13.  Inside system unit
 Non-removable or portable
 Great capacity
 Over 100 Gigabytes
 Fast access speed

14.  Portable, removable
 Complement internal
hard drive
 JAZ from Iomega
 SPARQ from
SyQuest
 PC Card Hard Disks
 Laptop computers

15.  Used in mainframes
 Removable
 Resemble stack of vinyl
records
 Multiple read/write heads
 Massive storage capacity
 Fast access time

16.  Improving performance of hard disks
 Disk caching
 Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
 File compression and decompression

17.  Very large capacity
 Up to 17 gigabytes
 Use reflected light
projected by a laser
 Lands and Pits represent 1’s
and 0’s
 Formats
 Compact Disk (CD)
 Digital Versatile Disk
(DVD)
 Data Play

18.  Widely used format today
 Can store from 650 MB to 1
GB
 Rotational speed = data
transfer time
 Types of CDs
 CD-ROM
 CD-R
 CD-RW

19.  Digital Versatile Disk
 Rapidly replacing CDs
 Higher capacity
 17 times the capacity
of a CD

20.  DVD types
 DVD-ROM
 Read only memory
 DVD-R
 Recordable
 DVD-RAM or DVD-RW
 Competing rewritable formats

21.  Optical write-once format
 Similar to CD-R
 Size of a quarter
 Used for special
applications
 Storing digital
photographs
 Storing music for
portable players

22.  Sequential access
 Commonly used for backing-up data
 Very large capacity
 Types of magnetic tape
 Tape cartridges
 Magnetic tape reels

24.  Tape cartridges
 Backup tape for microcomputer
 Capacities range from 120 MB to 5 GB
 Digital audio tape (DAT)
 Tape reels
 Minicomputer and mainframe
 1/2 inch wide and 1/2 mile long
 Stores 1600 to 6400 cpi

25.  Internet hard drive
 Free or low-cost storage on the Web
 Access information from any location
 Access time is greater
 Solid-state storage
 No moving parts
 Flash memory cards

26.  Blue laser light optical
devices
 Aimed more accurately
 Can increase storage
capacity to 27 GB per
standard optical disk
 New players will likely play
both