1. SUMMARY

2. They:
 Lived during the stone age.
 Were the first inhabitants of the British Isles
 Spread along the western and southern parts of Britain
 Were small groups of hunters, gatherers,
shepherds and fishermen.
 were dark-haired and strong people
 lived in wooden huts and were artisans,
 produced stone and metal objects.
 Built STONEHENGE

3. The Celts:
 Lived during the IRON AGE
 Came from central Europe
 Were organised in TRIBES
 Were warriors –food producers (agriculture)
 Contributions …
 Important queen: BOADICEA
 Heritage: MAIDEN CASTLE

4. The Romans:
 Made 3 invasions:
 55 BC: Julius Caesar
 54 BC: Julius Caesar
 43 BC: Emperor Claudius
 Settled in the middle southern part of England
 Scots joined the Picts in Scotland
 Welsh Tribes fought against the Romans.
 CALEDONIA (Scotland) was never conquered.
 HADRIAN’S WALL
 Towns: BATH – ST. ALBANS
 Contributions …

5.  3 Germanic invasions:
 Angles
 Saxons
 Jutes
They:
 settled in the south-east
 moved to the west but
KING ARTHUR, Romanized
Celt, opposed them.

6.  Kingdoms:
 Contributions ...
 RELIGION: pagans but ...
was spread: 2 ways:
 Columba: converted the PICTS and
Northern England
 Augustine: converted the south of
England was the first Archbishop of
.

7. 2 waves:
 Norway
 Denmark
They settled:
 North west Scotland
 Costal regions of Ireland
 England???
: divided England
 South west: WESSEX
(Anglo-Saxons)
 North-east: DANELAW
(Danes)

8.  Religion: there were converted into CHRISTIANITY
 Language: 2 varieties of Germanic languages
10 & 11th Century:
1st king of England (927)
(Anglo-Saxon) (979-1016)
: a tax to pay the Vikings to make go a
(Viking) (1016-1035)
 He controlled much of England.
(Anglo-Saxon) Ethelred’s son
(1042-1066).
 Interested in the Church.
 Named to be the following king.

9. :
Normans conquered
England.
They:
 Had a
 Conquered Wales,
Ireland but not the
highlands
 1086:
(1066-1087)

10. :
 was the first unquestioned king
 ordered to kill : Archbishop of Canterbury
 was introduced.
 Was in England 4/5 years
 Fought in the crusades.
 was unpopular
 lost Normandy (France)
 1215: had to sign the
 The nobles didn’t like his actions so … they created a
 brought together the
 1284: declared a principality of England
 War against :
 He stole the
(1087-1100)
(1100-1135)
(1135-1154)
(1154-1189)
(1189-1199)
(1199-1216)
(1216-1272)
(1272-1307)

11.  was defeated by – King of
Scotland.
 Scotland was France’s ally.
 England lost all French possessions except for
 1348: : bubonic plague
: taxes
(1307-1327)
(1328-1377)
(1377-1399)

12. :
 was king of England (8 months)
 became king of France (10 months)
 was mad, so ...
ruled for him. (Descendant of
Edward III)
 He died in battle
: Richard’s son ( )
 had 2 sons: EDWARD – RICHARD
: 12 years old
 He and his brother were kept in the tower of London by
(uncle) and then killed.
: not popular.
 died at a battle against HENRY TUDOR, who claimed the
throne)
(1399-1413)
(1413-1422)
(1422-1461)
(1461-1483)
(1483)
(1483-1485)

13. : descend. of the
 became king
 married :
 Beginning of the
 Era of Stability and strong government.
: political and financial causes:
 He wasted money HENRY VII had saved, so he needed
more... He decided to take away the church's land.
 He didn’t like the power of the church over him.
 He wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon.
 Became the
(Anglicanism)
 controlled the church and wealth of the country
 1536: he bound
(1485-1509)
(1413-1422)
(1483)
(1483-1485)
(1461-1483)
(1422-1461)

14. he was 9 years old.
 were
 1549: Book of common prayer was compiled.
 He died of tuberculosis at the age 15.
 Was Henry VIII’s granddaughter.
 Married to John Dudley’s son
 She was QUEEN for 9 days.
 She was executed.
(Catholic)
 Married to the king of Spain: Philip II
 was called . She persecuted
protestants
 Lost last French possession:
(1485-1509)
(1507-1547)
(1547-1553)
(1553)
(1553-1558)
(1558-1603)

15. (Anglican) 26 years old:
– 45 years on the throne.
 was excommunicated by the POPE
 won the war against (conquest the country,
dethrone the country and re-establish Catholicism)
 imprisoned for 20 years
and then, executed her.
 Towns boomed
 Arts and literature flourished.
 Period of

(1485-1509)
(1507-1547)
(1547-1553)
(1553)
(1553-1558)
(1558-1603)

16. (protestant)
: when to America
 1605: he was a catholic who wanted to
blow up the parliament-
on 5th November
 shared King not parliament.
 as a tyrant – 11 years
 was executed in 1649
 was a farmer and soldier
 was LORD PROTECTOR – created a more severe
government that Charles I’s.
 dissoluted parliament
 People were forbidden to celebrate Easter/Christmas
(1603-1625)
(1625-1649)
(649-1660
(1660-1685)
(1685-1689)
(1689-1702)

17.  had 17 illegitimate children and no heir.
 The
 The
(Catholic):
 wanted to give Catholics full rights and positions in
government.
 had a daughter: MARY (married to )
 Parliament was too powerful, so he fled to France
 Parliament called William of Orange and Mary to rule.
1689:
 had 18 children. All died.
 1701: : only protestants could be
king/queen.
 1707: : Scotland and England under ONE
PARLIAMENT
(1603-1625)
(1625-1649)
(649-1660
(1660-1685)
(1685-1689)
(1689-1702)
(1702-1714)

18. : Anne’s German cousin
 Fight against (Stuart supporters)
 Power was drifting from to
 Political parties: /
was defeated at CULLODEN
 1763: peace with France
 1775: lost the American war of independence
 1789/1799: :
 1805: Battle of TRAFALGAR:
 1815: Battle of WATERLOO:
 1760-1840:
 1801: Ireland is under British
parliament
(1714-1727)
(1727-1760)
(1760-1820)
(1820-1830)
(1830-1837)
(1837-1901)

19. :
 was (from 1811 onwards) his father
was mad and couldn’t rule.
 People migrated to new industrial towns
 were built.
 Possession of land: power and prestige.
:
 1832:
 1833:
 First convict ship sent to Australia.
 married to
 1845:
 1860:
 Idea of began to evolve.





(1714-1727)
(1727-1760)
(1760-1820)
(1820-1830)
(1830-1837)
(1837-1901)

20. :
 Was the only monarch of the dynasty
 1914-1919:
 1917: he changed the name of the house:
 1921:
 1926:
 1928: demanded the women’s
right to vote.
 1929:
 was king for one year: from January to December.
 abdicated.
(1901-1910)
(1910-1936)
(1936)
(1936-1952)
(from 1952)

21.  1939
 1940: (twice PM) (Conservative P)
 Most colonies opted for self government.

 1950: west Indians arrived.
 1970: inflation
 1979: strike
Discovery of GAS and OIL in Scotland
(conservative party)
 1980: : miners’ strike.
 1982:
Ireland
 1990: – riots. (changed into COUNCIL TAX)
 1997: (labour party)
death.
 2007: (Labour party)
 2010: (conservative party)
(1901-1910)
(1910-1936)
(1936)
(1936-1952)
(from 1952)