3. Introduction
Every day, a huge number of people all over the world
participate in athletics or competitions. Participation in sports
improves physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
Athletics can also result in injuries, some minor, some serious
and still other in lifelong medical problem. Sports injuries can
result from accidents, poor training technique in practice,
inadequate equipment, and overuse of a particular body
part etc.
4. Definition of Athletic injury
Athletic injuries are injuries that occur during sports,
athletic activities or exercising.
Sports injuries result from acute trauma and repetitive
stress associated with athletic activities. Sports injuries can
affect bones or soft tissue (ligaments, muscles,
tendons).
5. Classification of Athletic injuries
Accordin
g to the
causes
According
to tissue
type
Accordin
g to the
duration
Direct Injury
Indirect
Injury
Overuse
Injuries
Soft Tissue
Injuries
Hard
Tissue
Injuries
Acute
Injuries
Chronic
injuries
6. Classification according to cause
1.Direct/Contact Injury
A direct injury is caused by an external blow or force (extrinsic
causes) e.g. hit by a ball, bat, person or ground.
2.Indirect/Non-Contact Injury
The indirect injury is caused by internal forces built up by the
actions of the performer, such as over-stretching, poor
technique, fatigue, and lack of fitness. (e.g. muscle strain or
ligament sprain).
7. 3.Overuse Injuries
An overuse injury occurs when excessive and repetitive force
is placed on the bones and other connective tissues of the body.
It includes minor fractures, minimal muscle tears, progressive
bone deformities etc.
8. 1.Soft Tissue Injuries
Injuries that involve body tissues apart from bone are
generally classified as soft tissue injuries although the cause
and soft tissues involved in each injury are different.
2.Hard Tissue Injuries
Hard tissue injuries are those involving damage to the bones of
the skeleton.
It includes breaks and dislocations, including loose teeth.
Classification according to tissue
type
9. 1.Acute Injuries
Acute injuries are caused by a sudden trauma. Common acute
injuries include sprains, strains, contusion, fractures and etc.
2. Chronic injury
A chronic injury commonly results from overusing one body
area or from a long-standing condition. Chronic Injury is more
subtle and usually occur over time. They are the result of
repetitive micro-trauma to the tendons, bones, and joints.
Classification on the basis of time
duration
10. Common Athletic Injuries
Sprain: Sprains are injuries where a ligament is stretched or
torn within a joint. Common places of occurring a sprain can
include ankle, knee and wrist.
Strain: A strain is an acute or chronic soft tissue injury that
occurs to a muscle, tendon, or both.
Abrasion: An abrasion is a type of a open wound where the
first layer of skin is scraped or rubbed off against a rough
surface.
About 95% of sports injuries are minor soft tissue traumas.
11. Contusion: A contusion injury is a type of injury that occurs
when there is a tear or rupture of the tiny blood vessels under
the surface of the skin.
Laceration: A laceration is a wound that occurs when skin,
tissue, and/or muscle is torn or cut open.
Dislocation: Dislocations are joint injuries that occur when a
bone slips out of a joint or of a position.
Fracture: A fracture is a crack or break in a bone. A bone may
be completely fractured or partially fractured in any number of
ways (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces).
12. Major types of fracture
• Simple: A simple fracture causes the
bone to crack, but it does not pierce the
skin.
• Compound: Completely breaks the
bone. As a result, the bone may break
through the skin.
• Greenstick: The break occurs only part
way through the bone.
• Comminuted: It is a break or splinter of
the bone into more than two fragments.
13. • Impacted fracture: When the bone
is fractured, one fragment of bone
goes into another.
• Multiple fracture: More than one
break in a bone caused multiple
fracture.
• Spiral fracture: It occurs when a
bone is broken by a twisting force.
• Stress fracture: A stress fracture is
a small crack in a bone, or severe
bruising within a bone.
