1. 23.3 Stems

2. Point on a stem where a leaf is attached Node

3. Region between nodes on plant stems Internode

4. Plant structure containing undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves Bud

5. Plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem tissue Vascular Bundle

6. Parenchyma cells inside the ring of vascular tissue in dicot stems Pith

7. the type of plant growth that occurs at the tips of roots and shoots Primary Growth

8. Pattern of plant growth in which stems increase in width Secondary Growth

9. Lateral meristematic tissue that produces vascular tissues and increases the thickness of the stem over time Vascular Cambium

10. Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer covering of stems Cork Cambium

11. Older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water Heartwood

12. Area in plants that surrounds heartwood and is active in fluid transport Sapwood

13. Tree structure that includes all tissues outside the vascular cambium, including phloem, the cork cambium, and cork Bark

14. In general, stems have three important functions: They produce leaves, branches, and flowers; they hold leaves up to the sunlight; and they transport substances between roots and leaves. Key Concept

15. In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. In dicots and most gymnosperms, vascular bundles are arranged in a cylinder. Key Concept

16. Primary growth of stems is produced by cell divisions in the apical meristem. It takes place in all seed plants. Key Concept

17. In conifers and dicots, secondary growth takes place in lateral meristematic tissues called the vascular cambium and cork cambium. Key Concept