THIS SI ABOUT BLOOD BROUP AB YOUR WILL FIND MUCH MORE INSIDE

2. DR ABDULLAH BANGWAR
PG SU-III

3. o The most common transplanted organ world wide is
blood
o Blood should be transfused in its various products
rather than as a whole
o The conditions in which whole blood is needed are :
 Trauma &
 Surgery
where the all products of blood are being lost,
Otherwise various products can be transfused as per
requirement

4. This policy has dual advantage
i. Un-necessary transfusion of other products can
be avoided & other patients can get benefit
from them
ii. Complications of transfusion can be reduced in
this way

5. o For collection of 500 ml of blood,70 ml
anticoagulant CPD-A1 solution is added
which contain:
~ citric acid
~ sodium citrate
~ sodium biphosphate
~ dextrose
~ adenine

6. 1) Potassium level rises at rate of 1 meq/day.
Blood stored for >21 days will have 21 meq
more k+ than fresh blood
2) Increase in level of lactic & pyruvic acid
causing acidosis
3) PO2 decrease & Pco2 increase
4) Level of NH3 raises after 8-5 days of storage &
reaches max level at 21 days, pt with hepatic
encephalopathy should not be transfused with
stored blood as it worsen the condition

7. 5) Clotting factors remain viable for 24 hours
6) One pint of blood will raises Hb level
approximately by one gram (0.8gm)
7) WBCs are rapidly destroyed in stored blood
8) At 4C, platelet survival & function are reduced,
but can be stored at 22C for 5-7 days

8. 1) SURGICAL:
~ Accidental hemorrhage
~ Hemorrhage from GIT tumors
~ UC
~ Bleeding PUD
~ Hemorrhoids
2) PRE-OPERATIVE:
Any pt whose HB is < 8 gm% is considered
unfit for anesthesia
3) PER-OPERATIVE: Any major surgery

9. 4) POST-OPERATIVE:
If pt is anemic due to infection or hemorrhage
(reactionary, secondary), blood should be
transfused
5) SEVERE BURNS:
Specially deep burn in which there is loss of
serum & RBCs destruction
6) BLEEDING DISORDERS:
Thrombocytopenia & hemophilia
7) Aplastic/ hypoplastic anemias

10. 1. Positive identification of pt at bed side
2. Comparison of name of pt & blood group on
blood bag and slip provided by blood bank
3. Check ABO & Rh group compatibility
4. Cross match is must but in emergency situ we
can just rely on grouping b/c cross match takes
time
5. Check vitals

11. 6. Rate of blood flow should be 40 drops/min, but
can be transfused rapidly in sever blood loss
7. Transfusion note should be mentioned
8. Emergency medicines should be in hands at the
time of transfusion
9. Screening for HIV 1 & 2, HBV, HCV, CMV in
special circumstances

12. 10. Blood donor should be fit with no evidence
of any active infection

13. 1.cells
2.plasma

14. 1. CELLS:
a) Packed Red Cell are indicated in:
~ severe anemia
~ elderly patients
~ children
~ Pt in which there is danger of volume overload
( CCF, THALASSEMIA )
b) PLATELETS:
Thrombocytopenia (DIC, DANGUE
HEMORRHAGIC
SHOCK)

15. 2.PLASMA:
a) Purified Protein Fraction (PPF)
Suitable for protein replacement e.g. burn &
severe protein loss
It can be stored for several month at 4C
b) Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
plasma obtained from fresh blood & rapidly
frozen at -50C

16.  FFP is good source of all clotting factors
 It is treatment of choice for conducting surgery in
pt with abnormal coagulation due to sever liver
failure, clotting factor deficiency, hemophilia,
christmas disease & acute warfarin toxicity
 It can be stored for 2 years
c) Cryoprecipitate:
It is very rich source of antihemophilic factor
(factor VIII) & Fibrinogen,
So it is useful in pt with DIC & hemophilia-A

17. d) Fibrinogen: Used in DIC
e) SAG-MITOL BLOOD: Process in which all
plasma is removed and replaced by crystalloid
solution containing
S-Sodium chloride
A-Adenine
G-Glucose
M-Manitol
This maintain good cell viability, contain no
protein & is useful for anemia

18. A) TRANSFUSION REACTION
1. Acute immune hemolytic reaction
2. Delayed hemolytic reaction
3. Nonimmune hemolytic reaction
4. Allergic reaction
5. Febrile reaction
6. Graft-vs-host disease(GVHD)
7. TRALI

19. B) Overloading & CCF
C) Air embolism
D) Transmission of diseases
E) Iron overload
F) Hyperkalemia
G) Citrate toxicity
H) Metabolic acidosis
I) Hypothermia
J) hyperamonemia

20.  Replacement of total blood volume in less than
24 hours OR acute transfusion of more than
half of patient’s estimated blood volume per
hour

21.  Pre-deposit
 Blood salvage
 haemodilution