2. Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research “TNO”
Founded in 1932 by act of parliament
Independent source of expertise
Approximately 4.400 staff
~ €580 M turnover
OUR MISSION
To apply technological knowledge with the aim of strengthening
the innovative power of industry and government
3. Business of TNO
From concept to innovation/application
Knowledge
development
Knowledge
application
Knowledge
exploitation
Develop
fundamental
knowledge
With
universities
With
partners
With
customers
Embedded in the
market
- PhDs sponsoring
- MsC Traineeships
- Student Internships
- Joint Industry Projects
- Research Programs
- Technology roadmapping
- Consultancy
- Research and
Development
- Licensing I.P.
- Spin-out companies
8. Gas infrastructure
• Production
• Transport
• Storage
• Distribution
Security of gas supply; dealing with events
Consumers
Event
Event
9. Security of gas supply; dealing with events in war
like scenarios
Prevention
Minimizing impact
Minimizing the effect of the impact
Defence / security
Defence / Energy
Energy
Expertise from:
10. Design and construct infrastructure
$
Many requirements to be balanced:
• Security of supply
• Safety
• Minimum environmental impact
• At affordable costs
• Capacity
• Future developments, biogas.
• Resilience, threats, failure
• Storage
• Legislation, regulation, tax
• Technology,
• …
Model based
scenario analysis
as part of the
design process
Changes only possible
with high investment.
11. Key aspect of scenario analysis to support
the design for critical gas infrastructure:
• Provide comprehensive data to support decision
making process.
12. “Inline” real time prediction of gas
distribution in complex gas network
systems.
13. The Gas Distribution Network in the
Netherlands
Discovery of the largest natural
gas field of Europe in 1959
(Groningen Field, 100 TCF)
led to a fine mazed gas
distribution network supplying
industry and practically all
households with gas (currently 40
TCF reserves)
Current national policy aims at
strengthening sustainable gas
production (biogas production) in
the network
High pressure pipelines in the
Netherlands
14. Current Situation for Gas Distribution Providers
• Responsible for gas supply (at
specified pressure) to its
customers
• Single gas supplier
• Constant gas quality
• Predictable gas usage of
industry and households
67/40 bar
8 bar
4 bar
8 or 4 or1 bar
100/30 mbar
15. New Developments for Gas Distribution
Providers
• Local biogas providers feed into
the network
• Variable Demand (Dynamic)
• Local heat generation
• Local power generation
(coupling E and G markets)
• More flexible Gas Supply Market
• Green for Grey Government Policy
• Increased Gas Quality bandwidth
• Higher uptime
67/40 bar
8 bar
4 bar
8 or 4 or1 bar
100/30 mbar
Biogas Feed
16. Solution: Direction Decision Center
One-Column Format
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” R.J.P. van der Linden
Old
New
17. Decision Center Tasks
• Network Monitoring of
• Pressure, flow, Voltage, Current
• Transport quality (delivery reliability)
• Gas quality
• Network quality
• Event handling
• Short Term Forecasting with multiple scenarios
• Maintenance planning and control
• Balancing
Slide 17
18. Monitoring, Prediction and Balancing the Gas
Network
• Need of a real-time network prediction model
• Available Models and Tools are developed for network
capacity design (not real-time, no real-time field input, …)
Slide 18
19. New dynamic simulation versus linear calculations
Slide 19
• TNO developed software for dynamic simulation of (plant)
networks (PULSIM)
• Includes mass, impulse and energy balance
• Includes models for compressor machinery
20. Real-Time Network Simulation Base Case (Regional Network)
Slide 20
Several hundreds km of pipelines, 254 stations,
>8000 users, 81000 pipe segments
21.
22.
23. Flow Prediction for two scenarios
Slide 23
Normal Situation Pipe out of operation north of de Koog
24. Role of the Real Time simulation in Decision Support
Slide 24
Meteo
Controls
Demand Pattern
Supply
Pattern
Netwerk events
Planned
(Maintenance)
Unplanned
(Failures)
Operational Network
Netoperator-BC
Sensors Operator Support
Modellen
Data >
information
Prediction
Diagnostics
Balancing
Proces
Actie
Advice (4-24-48 h)
Status
Historian
databaseData
Performance
MPC
Customers
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
25. Conclusion
• A fast simulator was developed for prediction flow, pressure and gas mixture
composition at any point in a gas distribution network
• Enables real-time prediction of network behavior
• Designed for use in an operator support system,
• Enables to scenario analysis for cost effective design.
• Tested with off-line data of a regional network and a communal network
• Current developments:
• Pilot implementation (2013)
• Can support war like scenarios
Slide 25
Paper SPE 160748 “Prediction and dynamic operation of gas distribution networks” N.E. Ligterink & R.J.P. van der Linden
26. Gas network dealing with events war
like scenario’s
Prevention
Minimizing impact
Minimizing the effect of the impact
Defence / security
Defence / Civil
Civil
27. 2
7
Mechanics, Materials &
Structures
Building Engineering
& Civil Engineering
Communication &
Information
Physics &
Electronics
Fluid Mechanics
Chemistry & Energetics
Flow & Structural
Dynamics
High Performance
Energetics
Advanced Concepts &
Products
Process Modelling &
Control
Separation Technology
Flow Control
Innovative Materials
Instrumentation
Power Trains
Space & Science
Radar
Transceivers
Nano-instrumentation
Acoustics
Optics
Computer Vision
Intelligent Imaging
Distributed Sensor
Systems
Sonar
Electronic Defence
Corrosion & Anti-fouling
Lab for Ballistic
Research
Weapon Systems
Materials Performance
Holst
Multilayer Devices
Rapid manufacturing
Precision Motion Systems
Personal Monitoring
Vehicle Dynamics
Mechanical & Maritime
Constructions
Greenhouse Fieldlab
Building Innovation
Structural Assessment &
Building Lab
Energy, Comfort &
Indoor Quality
Cooling and Heating
Systems
Business Information
Services
Service Enabling &
Management
Security
Multimedia Technology
Planning, Performance
& Quality
Connectivity
Access Network
Technology
Vibrations & Noise
Building Materials
Material Performance,
Risk & Reliability
Network & Service
Control
Envir. Sust. Transport
TNO Technical Sciences
1-1-2011
Cross fertilisation, combine expertise's.
Defence Ènergy
30. 30
Terroristic Attacks on LNG tankers and storages
• Risk assessment
• Damage extent for all weapon effects
• Cascading effects
• Passive & active counter measures
Close-in
explosion
31. Gas leakage scenario
Gas dispersion (source and weather conditions)
Gas explosion overpressure
TNO CFD code AutoReagas
31
Calculation of pressures from gas-explosions,
pressure
34. 34
Structure under blast load (study for Bluewater and vanDam)
• New advanced blast walls to withstand higher pressures
from more gas throughput (FLNG)
• Effective (low mass and cost) design of blast walls by means of
developed failure mechanisms in FEM
• Check of existing structure and components under blast load
36. Front End Engineering & Design study – TNO’s
contribution / support
Gas leakage dispersion & gas explosion overpressure
Risk analysis
Piping arrangement & deck layout
Position of blast walls
Choice and Development of blast walls & blast doors
Transient structural response due to blast (Siemens)
PFP (passive fire protection) optimisation
7/12/2013
36
