The future of Graphene - Quality and Quantity

The Graphene Council
Research, Development, Application
IDtechEx Graphene - Santa Clara, CA 15-16 NOV 2017
The Future Of The Graphene
Industry - Quality AND Quantity!
Presented by:
Terrance Barkan CAE, Executive Director

• Established 2013
• More than 10,000 Members
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involved or interested in graphene.

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Springer Nature.
• Member of the ANSI / ISO Technical Committee
(TC) 229 Nanotechnologies and IEC TC 113
Standards Development Groups
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Academics and Students

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What is “Graphene”
• Graphene is a two dimensional (i.e. one atom thick)
planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms densely
packed in a honeycomb shaped crystal lattice.
• A broad range of graphene based materials with
similarities to monolayer graphene have emerged.
• These materials range from a single layer of carbon
atoms to those comprising tens or even hundreds of
layers in a stack, essentially nano-graphite.
• Material with more than 10 layers is no longer consider
“graphene” according to ISO standards.
• 1LG monolayer graphene
• 2LG bilayer graphene
• 3LG trilayer graphene
• FLG few-layer graphene
• GNP graphene nanoplatelets
• GO Graphene Oxide
• rGO Reduced Graphene Oxide

What are the major barriers?

What are the major barriers to market development?
Cost of Production / material
Production Scale
Production Quality
Lack of Applications / End-user demand
Production Processes
Competing Existing Materials
Lack of Standards / Characterization
Health, Safety, Environmental Regulations
Lack of customer awareness
Lack of Commercial Investment
Actual characteristics of the material
Expectations / “Hype”!
Processability / Handling
Lack of Research Financing (commercial)

The Market for Graphene - Main Challenges
• Slow pace of standards development.
• Application of the term “graphene” to material with many different forms of carbon.
• Lack of consistency in spec sheets and reporting by producers.*
• Inconsistency in the production of materials and lack of material veriﬁcation to assure
buyers of quality and performance characteristics.
• Lack of awareness by major vertical sectors (plastics, composites, energy storage,
electronics, additive manufacturing).
• Mis-understanding of the current state of graphene production, applications and pricing.

Standards Development

Multiple bodies are working
on standards for graphene

Definitions: The International Standards Organization
(ISO) has approved a set of definitions for graphene and
graphene materials as per ISO/TS 80004-3:2010(en):
graphene - single layer of carbon atoms with each atom
bound to three neighbours in a honeycomb structure (2.11)
graphite - allotropic form of the element carbon, consisting
of graphene layers stacked parallel to each other in a three
dimensional, crystalline, long-range order (3.2.1)
Material in excess of 10 carbon layers is considered graphite.
Symbols and abbreviated terms
1L monolayer/single-layer
1LG monolayer/single-layer graphene
2D two-dimensional
2L bilayer
2LG bilayer graphene
3L trilayer
3LG trilayer graphene
CVD chemical vapour deposition
FL few-layer
FLG few-layer graphene
GNP graphene nanoplatelets
hBN hexagonal boron nitride
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary — Part 13:
Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials

NPL - Characterisation of the Structure of Graphene
Best Practices Guide
James Baker, Graphene Business Director at the
University of Manchester

"This good practice guide has been developed by the NGI
and NPL teams to allow the nascent graphene industry to
perform accurate, reproducible and comparable
measurements of commercially supplied graphene.
This will address this important commercialisation barrier
by providing users with a consistent approach to the
structural characterisation of graphene whilst international
measurement standards are being developed".

Graphene Material Specification Sheets
• The draft ISO IEC 62565-3-1 'Nanomanufacturing — Material
specifications — Part 3-1: Graphene – Blank detail
specification’ contains more than 40 different graphene
material specifications.
• In a review of more than 60 graphene product specification
sheets, The Graphene Council identified more than 45 different
characteristics used by producers.
• Of these, no single characteristic was common to all products.
• Less than 60% reported number of layers or carbon content.

Survey Results

2017 Graphene Market Survey
370 companies and organizations that
are producing, researching and/or
using graphene participated.

For which use is your graphene intended?
Composites
Energy Storage (Batteries / Super Capacitors)
Sensors
Electronics
Plastics & Polymers
Structural Material
Barrier Properties (Films and Coatings)
Conductive Ink
Semiconductors
Aerospace
Additive Manufacture (3D Printing)
Energy Generation
Automotive
Thermal Management
Electrochemical
Water Filtration
Transparent Conducting Electrodes
0.0% 15.0% 30.0% 45.0% 60.0%

Electrical Conductivity
Dispersion / Stability
Surface Area
Number of Layers
Thickness
Thermal Conductivity
Flake Size
Non-Graphene Contents and Residue
Crystal Defect
Oxygen Content
Chemical Corrosion Resistance
Mechanical Modulus
Electrical Mobility
Domain (Grain) Size
Combined*
Essential
Important
Interesting
Not Needed
What are the most important material characteristics?
*Combined =
Essential and
Important

More than 40 vertical
industries and
applications for
graphene!

Conclusions

Conclusions
• Many of the main producers have made significant capacity increases for
2017/8 based on customer demand.
• The technical problems identified are fairly well known and are being actively
addressed by hundreds of companies, universities and research departments.
• Real progress is being made regarding the establishments of commercial
standards for graphene and closely related materials.
• There is a growing need for a product verification and testing process that
provides confidence to graphene buyers and users.

www.thegraphenecouncil.org
Questions? Feel free to contact me:
Terrance Barkan CAE
tbarkan@thegraphenecouncil.org
Join us on LinkedIn:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Graphene-Council-5153830/about

The future of Graphene - Quality and Quantity

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