5. People and Cultures Indians Indian groups, each with its own separate and distinct culture, have lived the longest in Central America. Europeans The first Europeans arrived in the 1500s as conquerors and colonists. Mestizos Mestizos, or people of mixed European and Indian descent, make up a large part of the population. Africans People of African descent are descended either from enslaved Africans or from immigrants from the Caribbean islands. Central America is home to several ethnic groups. 1