2009 ncdd-csf-technical-manual-vol-i-study-design-guidelines

Royal Government of Cambodia
National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development

Commune/Sangkat Fund
Technical Manual

Volume I
Study and Design Guidelines

2009

VOLUME I:
STUDY AND DESIGN GUIDELINES

CONTENTS

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... iv

List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... v

PART 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Preamble .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Commune/Sangkat Fund Technical Manual ................................................................. 2
1.3 Scope of Technical Manual ............................................................................................ 4
1.4 Contents of Technical Manual ....................................................................................... 4

PART 2: TECHNICAL FORMS ....................................................................................... 6

2 Technical Forms ................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Technical Forms are Mandatory .................................................................................... 8
2.3 Differences between Technical Forms ......................................................................... 8
2.4 Getting Design Guidance ............................................................................................... 8
2.5 Example Technical Forms.............................................................................................. 8
2.6 Transportation Infrastructure, Group Output Code 1010000 ...................................... 8
2.6.1 Form T11 Transport: Roads ........................................................................................... 9
2.6.2 Form T12 Transport: Structures .................................................................................. 17
2.7 Irrigation System, Group Output Code 1020000 ........................................................ 23
2.7.1 Form T21 Irrigation: Project ......................................................................................... 23
2.7.2 Form T22 Irrigation: Earthwork ................................................................................... 33
2.7.3 Form T23 Irrigation: Structure ..................................................................................... 43
2.8 Water Supply, Group Output Code 1030000 .............................................................. 51
2.8.1 Form T31 Water Supply ................................................................................................ 51
2.9 Education Facility, Group Output Code 1040000 ....................................................... 62
2.9.1 Form T41 Education Facility ........................................................................................ 62
2.10 Health, Group Output Code 1050000 .......................................................................... 70
2.10.1 Form T51 Health ........................................................................................................ 70
2.11 Sanitation, Group Output Code 1100000 .................................................................... 77
2.11.1 Form T101 Sanitation ............................................................................................... 77

PART 3: TEMPLATE DESIGNS FOR LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE ........................... 86

3 Template Designs for Local Infrastructure ..................................................... 87
3.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 87
3.2 NCDD Templates ........................................................................................................... 87
3.3 Available Templates ..................................................................................................... 87
3.4 How to Read and Use the Drawings ............................................................................ 87

I-i

3.4.1 Size ................................................................................................................................. 87
3.4.2 Drawing scales .............................................................................................................. 88
3.4.3 Dimensions ................................................................................................................... 88
3.4.4 Revisions ....................................................................................................................... 88
3.4.5 Variable dimensions ..................................................................................................... 88
3.4.6 How to read the steel details and the steel schedule ................................................ 88
3.5 AutoCAD Standards ..................................................................................................... 89
3.5.1 AutoCAD Version .......................................................................................................... 90
3.5.2 General settings ............................................................................................................ 90
3.5.3 AutoCAD file name ....................................................................................................... 90
3.5.4 Drawing number ........................................................................................................... 90
3.5.5 Paper size ...................................................................................................................... 91
3.5.6 Pen assignment for plotting ........................................................................................ 91
3.5.7 Layer definition ............................................................................................................. 91
3.5.8 Text style and fonts ...................................................................................................... 92
3.5.9 Line types / widths ........................................................................................................ 93
3.5.10 Hatch .......................................................................................................................... 93
3.5.11 Dimensions................................................................................................................ 93
3.5.12 Blocks ........................................................................................................................ 94
3.5.13 External references (x-ref) ....................................................................................... 94
3.5.14 Viewports ................................................................................................................... 94
3.5.15 Plotting....................................................................................................................... 94

PART 4: MATERIALS, QUANTITIES AND COSTS .................................................... 95

4 Materials, Quantities & Costs .......................................................................... 96
4.1 Project Cost Estimation ............................................................................................... 96
4.2 Tables of Quantities and Labor Costs ........................................................................ 96
4.3 Net Quantities ............................................................................................................... 96
4.4 Cost Estimation Using the Project Generator ............................................................ 97

PART 5: STUDY AND DESIGN GUIDELINES ........................................................... 109

5 Study and Design Guidelines ........................................................................ 110
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 110
5.1.1 Limitations ................................................................................................................... 110
5.1.2 Using the design guidance ........................................................................................ 110
5.2 Transport Infrastructure: Group 101 ......................................................................... 111
5.2.1 Sub-Group 10101 and 10102: Roads: Form T11 ...................................................... 111
5.2.2 Sub-Group 10103 to 10108: Road Structures: Form T12 ........................................ 117
5.3 Irrigation System: Group 102 .................................................................................... 131
5.3.1 Irrigation Project: Form T21 ....................................................................................... 131
5.3.2 Irrigation Earthwork: Form T22 ................................................................................. 134
5.3.3 Irrigation structure: Form T23 ................................................................................... 139
5.4 Water Supply: Group 103 ........................................................................................... 140
5.5 Education Facilities: Group 104 ................................................................................ 148
5.6 Health Facilities: Group 105 ...................................................................................... 149
5.7 Market Construction: Group 106 ............................................................................... 150
5.8 Crop Storage and Processing: Group 107 ............................................................... 150
5.9 Social Infrastructure: Group 108 ............................................................................... 150

I-ii

5.10 Energy: Group 109 ...................................................................................................... 150
5.11 Sanitation: Group 110................................................................................................. 150
5.11.1 Latrines .................................................................................................................... 151
5.11.2 Waste water and solid waste ................................................................................. 151
5.11.3 Drainage ................................................................................................................... 151
5.12 Flood Protection Structures: Group 111 .................................................................. 153

ANNEX 1: TECHNICAL FORMS ................................................................................ 154
Technical Form T11 – Transport: Roads .............................................................................. 155
Technical Form T12 – Transport: Structures ....................................................................... 159
Technical Form T21 – Irrigation: Project .............................................................................. 163
Technical Form T22 – Irrigation: Earthwork......................................................................... 167
Technical Form T23 – Irrigation: Structure .......................................................................... 172
Technical Form T31 – Water Supply ..................................................................................... 175
Technical Form T41 – Education Facility ............................................................................. 179
Technical Form T51 – Health ................................................................................................. 181
Technical Form T101 – Sanitation......................................................................................... 183

I-iii

PREFACE
This book is the first volume of Commune Sangkat Fund Technical Manual produced by the
National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) with the help of the
Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
(MoWRAM), and others. Commune Sangkat Fund Technical Manual consists of 7 parts which
are divided into 3 volumes as the followings:
x Volume I : Study and Design Guidelines

x Volume II : Specifications for Construction Materials and Works

x Volume III : Contract Supervision

This first volume states mainly the study and design guidelines for the implementation of small-
scale infrastructure projects financed by Commune Sangkat Fund. It comprises 5 parts among 7
parts of Commune Sangkat technical manual as the followings:
x Part 1 : Introduction

x Part 2 : Technical Forms

x Part 3 : Template Designs for Local Infrastructure

x Part 4 : Materials, Quantities and Costs

x Part 5 : Study and Design Guidelines

For part 6 which instructs on specifications for construction materials and works is in Volume II;
while the final part- part 7 is in volume III which explains about contract supervion by the use of
Construction Check Lists.

I-iv

List of Abbreviations
ADT Average Daily Traffic
Applet A spreadsheet to calculate Design flow and structure size
AASHTO American Association for State Highway and Transportation Official
BOQ Bill of FQuantity
CBR California Bearing Ratio
CSO Civil Society Organization
C/S Commune/Sangkat
CIP Community Investment Program
DFT District Facilitation Team
DCP Dynamic Cone Penetration Test
DoLA Department of Local Administration
DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ExCom Executive Committee
FWUC Farmer Water User Committee
GPS Global Positioning System
GTFM Generalised Tropical Flood Model
HFWL High Flood Water Level
IO International Organization
LAU Local Administration Unit
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MoI Ministry of Interior
MRD Ministry of Rural Development
NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development
O&M Operation & Maintenance
PBC Planning and Budgeting Committee
PCU Passenger Car Unit
PFT Provincial Facilitation Team
PIM Project Implementation Manual
PMC Project Management Committee
PRDC Provincial Rural Development Committee
PSDD Project Support for Decentralization and Deconcentration
PDoWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resource and Meteorology
SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment
ST 1 Sub-Tertiary 1
ST 2 Sub-Tertiary 2
ST 3 Sub-Tertiary 3
T Tertiary
TSO Technical Support Officer
TSU Technical Support Unit
TRRL Transport Road Research Laboratory (DCP Model)

I-v

PART 1: INTRODUCTION

I-1

Part 1: Introduction

1 Introduction
1.1 Preamble
The principal and first order document for implementation of projects under the
Commune/Sangkat Fund (C/S Fund) is the C/S Fund Project Implementation Manual (PIM).
The C/S Fund Technical Manual (this document) is a second order document dealing only with
technical aspects of C/S Fund infrastructure projects and particularly the interface with the C/S
Fund Project Generator software developed for infrastructure projects. C/S Fund service
projects are not dealt with by the Technical Manual.
If there is a conflict between the C/S Technical Manual/Project Generator and the PIM then the
PIM takes precedence.

1.2 Commune/Sangkat Fund Technical Manual
The C/S Fund Technical Manual is for the design and construction of small-scale infrastructure
projects financed by the Fund. The Technical Manual is used with an interactive software
package called the C/S Fund Project Generator.
It has been produced by the National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development
(NCDD) with the help of the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), the Ministry of Water
Resources and Meteorology (MoWRAM), and others.
It originated as the Seila Technical Manual and the accompanying interactive software package
called the Seila Template Program developed between 2001 – 2006. The Seila material and
procedures were used and evolved over several years with some success and were taken over
by NCDD. The many strong features of the approach were recognized but there were some
problems also. In particular the Template designs and program were somewhat inflexible and it
was difficult to update or add new designs. Also the many forms and procedures required by
the Project Implementation Manual (PIM) although they provided a strong system in themselves
were demanding on time and resources in the provinces; and had to be completed within a very
short time window in the annual project cycle. Consequently many of the forms were often
incomplete and seldom properly checked prior to approval. In addition the construction
supervision was inadequate with the result that it was common for infrastructure works to be of
poor quality and not completed to the full dimensions.
The new manual differs in several ways:
x The core ‘template program’ function has been retained but rewritten on a flexible
software platform; it incorporates standard design drawings (prepared in AutoCAD but
saved and accessed in PDF format) linked to spreadsheets which calculate quantities
and costs according to variable dimensions.
x The concept of checklist-type feasibility study PIM forms from the Seila Template
process have been upgrade to interactive ‘Technical Forms’ built into the Project
Generator software in combination with the Template program component. Hence the
forms call in the outputs of the template program automatically by use of links and
dropdown menus allowing rapid and quality assured assembly of a project portfolio.
x The new technical forms in “ project generator ” provide design guidance where
technical design is required. The user must answer simple questions by either filling
data or choosing answer from multiple choice answers.In some technical forms, advice
on type and dimensions of infrastructure will be provided in order to choose project
output. To obtain the advice, you need to do some calculation by using several small
Excel programs called “Applet”. The programs are interactive, the user can change
some design requirements, or in some cases vary the design criteria used, until an
acceptable design is produced. The user can choose the final design choice which can
be less than recommended if there is good reason.

Study and Design Guidelines I-2


x For construction supervision the Technical Guidelines incorporate an updated and
expanded version of construction checklist forms developed by MRD.
x The Project Generator can be expanded to cover other requirements of the PIM.
This Technical Manual is distributed to all Provincial Departments of Rural Development
(PDRD), and to contractors working on C/S Fund infrastructure projects. It is also available to
other organisations working in rural infrastructure.
The C/S Fund Technical Manual is primarily intended as a resource to be used in design of
infrastructure projects of the Commune and Sangkat Councils. Most of the projects are small
and simple. There are many different projects with similar outputs. For example, in 2002 the
Commune Councils constructed about 1200 road culverts and about 1100 wells.
The drawings in the C/S Fund Technical Manual can be used for about 90% of all the
infrastructure project outputs implemented by the Commune Councils.
Most of the drawings are not new, they are generally based on designs in current use by line
ministries, in some cases simplified or condensed so that they can be used by small works
contractors. Other designs have been taken from development sector literature and adapted
always with the emphasis on suitability for use in contemporary rural communities in Cambodia.
Almost all the drawings in the original Seila Manual have been used on many successful
projects already.
Most Commune and Sangkat projects will be constructed by small contractors who do not have
high level technical skills, or a lot of equipment. The drawings in the C/S Fund Technical
Manual can help the Communes and the contractors to achieve good results in the following
ways:
x The drawings are available in Khmer and English languages;
x The drawings are easy to read, by people who do not have high technical education (If
you think that the drawings are not easy to read, please complain and we will try to
improve them!);
x The project outputs shown in the drawings are easy to construct, without a lot of special
equipment;
x The designs do not need a very high quality of construction technique, to achieve a
successful project. For example, concrete structures built using the designs will be
strong enough, even if the quality of the concrete is not very good.
When the Commune Council implements a project, they must follow technical guidelines from
the Ministry that is responsible for the sector. For example, road projects should follow
guidelines from the Ministry of Rural Development, and irrigation projects should follow
guidelines of the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology.
Because the Ministries have helped to produce the Technical Manual (and the earlier Seila
Technical Manual), the drawings in the Manual follow Ministry guidelines. If the Commune
chooses a drawing from the Manual for their project, they know that the drawing follows the
guidelines. However, the Commune can choose to use a different drawing (one that is not in
the Manual) if they prefer.
The drawings show technical designs for project outputs. Before choosing a drawing for the
project outputs, the project designer must decide what types of outputs are needed, how big the
outputs must be and where the outputs must be. However, provided that the basic field data is
collected the interactive Technical Forms in the Project Generator will provide most of the
information required to assemble the design file.



1.3 Scope of Technical Manual

It is essential for TSO’s to also make field visits to:
™ Assess initial purpose of the project
™ Re-check overall objective and revise if project differs from its initial purpose
™ Facilitate in procuring external engineering services if needed

1.4 Contents of Technical Manual
The C/S Fund Technical Manual has the following parts.

Part 1: Introduction x This section which includes general
instructions on the use of the Technical
Manual
Part 2: Technical Forms x This describes the filling of Technical Forms
for infrastructure projects. (all other aspects
of project preparation and clearance are
described by the PIM). Filled examples are
included for the Technical Forms currently
loaded to the Project Generator. A full set of
unfilled forms is at Annex 1.
Part 3: Template Designs for Local x This describes how to understand and use
Infrastructure the template designs already loaded into the
Project Generator, and how to prepare new
template designs.
Part 4: Materials, Quantities & Costs x This presents the tables of materials and
quantities that the PIM requires to be used
for estimation of project costs. It also
includes explanation and an example of the
quantity tables associated with each
template design loaded to the generator.



Part 5: Study and Design Guidelines x This section provides basic guidance on the
technical aspects of study and design such
as slope stability, hydrological and hydraulic
considerations, choice of materials, etc.
Filling the Technical Forms guides most of
the design decisions and small ‘applet’
programs are called for simple design
calculations. The design guidance is for
about 90% of projects, the remaining 10%,
because they are unique or have special
circumstance will require ‘specialist design
input’.
Part 6: Specifications for Construction x This provides explanations and instruction
Materials and Works on use of the specifications use a tabular
format. This is followed by revised and
expanded tabulated specifications.
Part 7: Contract Supervision x This section explains the use of Construction
Check Lists. Examples of filled check lists
for two types of project are included. The full
set of 32 check lists is at Annex 3.


Part 2: Technical Forms

PART 2: TECHNICAL FORMS



2 Technical Forms
2.1 Introduction
This section describes how to comply with the requirements of the Project Implementation
Manual (PIM) that for an infrastructure project the Technical Assistant prepares Technical
Information Forms. These forms are part of the core process of Project Preparation and
Technical Clearance.
It is required that the Technical Assistant will assist the Project Management Committee to
study the technical aspects of the project at the project site in close cooperation with the User
Groups and local community organizations to collect important and necessary information for
filling in the Project Information Form and Technical Information forms.
The general information and technical information will be used to prepare the project design.
The technical information is different according to the type of project. The different technical
forms are listed below:
Infrastructure type Technical forms
Code Description Form No. Project type Status of form
1010000 Transportation Form T11 Transport: Roads Active in project
Infrastructure generator
Form T12 Transport: Structures Active in project
generator
1020000 Irrigation System Form T21 Irrigation: Project Active in project
generator
Form T22 Irrigation: Earthworks Active in project
generator
Form T23 Irrigation: Structures Active in project
generator
1030000 Water Supply Form T31 Water supply Active in project
generator
1040000 Education Form T41 Education Active in project
Facilities generator
1050000 Health Form T51 Health Active in project
generator
1060000 Market Form T61 Markets Form to be prepared
Infrastructure
1070000 Agriculture Form T71 Crop storage and Form to be prepared
Infrastructure processing
1080000 Social Form T81 Social infrastructure Form to be prepared
Infrastructure
1090000 Energy Form T91 Energy Form to be prepared
1100000 Sanitation Form T101 Sanitation and Active in project
drainage generator
1110000 Flood Protection Form T111 Flood protection Form to be prepared
Infrastructure structures



It will be noted in the ‘status of form’ column that that there are “Forms to be prepared” for five
of the infrastructure group. This is because at the time of writing this manual there are no
templates loaded into the Project Generator for these groups and very few such projects have
ever been executed. This is anticipated to change in the future and it is intended to develop
additional Technical Forms at that time when the precise requirements for the forms will be
known.

2.2 Technical Forms are Mandatory
It is mandatory to complete in full the appropriate Technical Forms active in the Project
Generator. If the forms are not completed the Project Generator will not allow the project
preparation and technical clearance process to proceed.

2.3 Differences between Technical Forms
Each Technical Form is structured differently depending on the types and numbers of
infrastructure outputs for which it can be used and also the design processes necessary and
described in the design guidance.

2.4 Getting Design Guidance
Design guidance is provided at Part 6 of this manual.
As far as is possible the Technical Forms incorporate the design guidance to advise the on the
recommended output(s) and sizes where relevant. In some places there are MS Excel applets
linked to the forms that will do the calculations required. The limitations of the applets are
explained at Part 6 of this Manual.
Care has been taken to take a realistic approach so that the advice will be correct most of the
time; and certainly a big improvement on past practice for some classes of infrastructure which
are often built without any consideration of the design needs.
Design advice can still be overridden by the choosing a different output or size, which may be
for a justified reason.

2.5 Example Technical Forms
The remainder of this section describes the Technical Forms prepared to date and active in the
Project Generator. There is a flow chart for each form illustrating the process of filling the form
and where design calculations are made in the background.
Each flow chart is followed by an example of that form output by the generator. The
appearance and content of the output depends on how the form was filled in the Project
Generator, the recommendations of the design guidance, and the final choices made for the
infrastructure output. Blank unfilled examples of the Technical Forms are at Annex 1.

2.6 Transportation Infrastructure, Group Output Code 1010000
There are two types of Technical Form for Transport Infrastructure:
x Form T11 for roads
x Form T12 for road structures.
Generally only one Form T11 will be required provided the road width and surface type is the
same for the full length of the road. If it changes, e.g. because of increased traffic after a road
junction, then more than one T11 might be filled.
There must be one Form T12 for each road structure, e.g. if there is one 5 m concrete bridge
and three 1.0 m diameter pipe culverts then four T12 must be filled.



2.6.1 Form T11 Transport: Roads
Forms

Firstly, use Applet T11 to get advices on suitable road surface options based by:
x Entering into “Applet T11” Average Daily Traffic for existing road to determine MRD
Class A or B and a total of 24 hour from classified traffic count at busiest part of road.
x Entering DCP test results with GPS coordinates (Enter each DCP test result to Applet
T11 and get the 20 percentile DCP strength).
You will then get the advices on road type, surface and pavement thickness in the next
worksheet of Applet T11.
After that you must create output according to the advises from the Applet, but you can choose
another type of road surface and pavement thickness with appropriate reasons.
Then go to technical form T11 to answer the questions on:
x General project information – this fills automatically from information previously filled
immediately when creating project.
x Project location – enter the GPS coordinates of the start and finish of the road.
x Type of roadworks required – option for five descriptions covering new, rehabilitated,
and improvement by widening and/or upgraded surface.
x Length of road – is entered manually
x Road Classification – option for roads connecting district centre/communes/villages
determines the MRD road classification and hence the minimum recommended road
width.
x Existing structures and new structures required – manual entry describing existing
structures and anticipated number(s) and type(s) of new structure (the actual number,
type and size of structure is decided using Form and Applet T12).
x Type of existing road construction, its condition, and main cause of damage – a variety
of questions and options describing the existing road, what wheeled traffic can pass in
the wet and dry season, and the main cause of damage.
x Materials available for road construction – a variety of questions about locally available
road construction material, its quality, and haul distance to the site.
x Foundation soils – description options for type of soil.
x Proposed fill and cut slopes – Choose cut and fill slopes according to type of cut and fill
material (this is used for quantity calculations).
The form is completed by identifying responsibility for road maintenance.

Example
The example shown is for 4.25 km improvement of a sub-tertiary road Type ST3.
For this example the attachments generated by the Project Generator will be:
1. Template 1010102 drawings together with a profile pro-forma drawing in AutoCAD file
used with Excel spreadsheet.
2. Spreadsheet for calculation of quantities to allow calculation of cost estimate (see Part 4
of this Technical Manual).



3. Specification (see Part 6 of this Technical Manual)
4. One Form T12 for each structure identified as needed.
5. Construction check lists (see Part 7 of this Technical Manual).
The flow chart and example Project Generator output follow below.



Flowchart for Technical Form T11Transport: Roads

Traffic count ADT

DCP Soils and Surfacing
measurements 20 percentile DCP option(s) applet
(advice)

Create Output

General
information?

Location?

One Form T12
Road generated for each,
classification? culvert, bridge and
low-level crossing

Form T12
List new each structure
structures?

Existing road
construction?

Condition
of road?

Main cause
of damage?

Materials
available?

Slopes?

x Drawings
Pavement type x Interactive
and thickness? quantities S’S



Example Project Generator print Form T11 Transport: Roads

Form T11 Transport: Road
(Earth Road)

Province : Kampong cham District : Sreisanthor S/C:Roseisrok
Name of project : Repair of laterite road Code of S/C : 31411
Name of TSO : Seila Date of form preparation : 20-07-2009

1. Location: where is the earth road located within the Sangkat/Commune?
* Describe this location
It goes from Commune office to Som Roang Pagoda
2. Give the coordinates of GPS
If there are many road segments which have the same condition width and pavement,
give the coordinates of start points and end points of each segment. One row is for one
segment.
Start point Ending point
X of GPS Y of GPS X of GPS Y of GPS
304010 1528230 308350 1528250
3. Type of road project: What kind of road work is required?

New road construction

Rehabilitate existing road, the same width and surface

Improve and widen existing road, same surface

Improve existing road, the same width upgraded surface

Improve and widen existing road, upgrade surface.
4. Length of road: what is the length of the road (in kilometer)?
4250
5. Road classification:

District to district road, Tertiary Road, (T Road), “6.0 m”

District to Sangkat/Commune, Sub-tertiary Road Type 1, ( ST1 road) “6.0 m”

Commune to commune road, Sub-tertiary Road Type 2, (ST2 road), “5.0m”

Commune to village road, Sub-tertiary Road Type 3, (ST3 road), “4.0m”

Village to village road, Sub-tertiary Road Type 3, (ST3 road), “4.0m”
6. Structures: are there existing structures?
* If “yes” answer the following questions; if “no” skip to the next question.



Yes

No
7. List number, description and dimensions of existing structures.
1. 1 small wooden bridge 2m span, 2. Three single pipe culverts 0.6m,
3. Carriageway above structure is 3m.
8. What new structures are required (number of each)?
* fill a form T12 for each structure, number the structure in the table.
Bridge culvert drift vented causeway
6
9. Type of existing road: is there existing path, car-track or road ?

Yes

No
10. Is the road on an embankment?

Yes

No
11. What is the width of the road?
3
12. Condition of road: what is the condition of the road?
* first row for rainy season, the second row for dry season. Write “Can” or “Cannot”. Can:
Can go, Cannot: Cannot go.
Bicycle Motorcycle Motor- Koyun or Car or truck heavy truck
remorque small truck for carrying for carrying
for carrying people goods
goods
Can Can Can Can Cannot Cannot
Can Can Can Can Can Cannot

13. Main cause of road damage: What causes the main damage?
If “Something else”, answer the below question

Flooding

Ponding on the road surface

Gully erosion from runoff from the surface

Carts pulled by animals

Small cars or pickup trucks



Heavy trucks for carrying goods

Something else (fill in the below question)
14. Others main causes:
15. Material availability for road construction.
Remark: For the material which are required for road construction for the road type you
have chosen skip to others questions!
16. Fill material from roadside borrow as dug:

Meets specification requirements for Type 3 Fill

Meets specification requirements for Type 1

Can meet specification for Type 3 material by mixing with imported material

Can meet specification for Type 1 material by mixing with imported material

Is unsuitable material (mud, organic soils or Peat).
17. Fill material from remote borrow pit:
Meets specification requirements for Type 3 Fill
Meets specification requirements for Type 1
18. Distance of borrow pit(s) from road (Km):
0.6
19. Source of sand:

Borrow pit

Stream bed
20. Distance from road (Km):
2
21. Source of gravel:

Borrow pit

Stream bed
22. Distance from road (Km):
2
23. Laterite
Put “good”, “medium” or “poor” in the box of quality.
Source distance of transportation (Km) quality
Punley mountain 15 Poor
24. Type of stone from quarry
* It the source is not borrow pit, please choose the answer below

Hard metamorphic rock (granite, basalt, etc)



Limestone

Sandstone
25. Type of stone for stream bed:
* If the source is not stream bed, please choose the answer below

Hard metamorphic rock (granite, basalt, etc)

Limestone

Sandstone
26. Water supply for earth work
Source distance from road (Km)
Domestic well 1
27. Road traffic: what are the proportion of the cars and trucks using the road?
*Write in percentage.
One place to another in Go from the commune to a Go from one place outside
commune place outside the the commune to another
commune or vice versa outside the commune
10% 90% 10%
28. the proportion of the cars and trucks using the road is:
* Put it into percentage.
Belong to people who live in the Belong to people who live outside the
commune commune
48% 52%
29. Foundation soils: what kind of soil the structure stand on?
* if “other”, mention in the following question:

Soil that is very easily eroded

Normal clay

Sandy soils

Gravels

Earth with big stones in it

Other.
30. For others soil kinds.
31. Side slope: Fill slope
Vertical Horizontal
1 1



32. Cut slope
Vertical Horizontal
1 1
33. Choice of road: what is thickness of the pavement proposed?

Surface (if applicable)

Wearing course (if applicable)

Base course (if applicable)

Road base (if applicable)

Sub base (if applicable)
34. Fill with the thickness of the road pavement choosing above:
Road pavement thickness
Laterite 300mm
35. Road maintenance: Does the commune have a Commune Road Sub-Committee?

Yes

No
36. Who is responsible for road maintenance?
* if “Other” mention your answer in the question below.

Ministry of Rural Development

Sangkat/Commune

Others
37. Write the person who is responsible for road maintenance if you choose “other”
38. Remark:
You must upload “Applet” in which you entered your data to get the answers and the
advices about road pavement. If you chose the road pavement that is not suitable less
or more than recommendation from “Applet T11”, give your reason on Advice Tab.



2.6.2 Form T12 Transport: Structures
Forms
Firstly, use Applet T12 to get advice on suitable type and size of drainage structure by:
x Choosing the structure type envisaged, and changing it if it will be different from the
recommended structure after filling hydrology and hydraulic data.
x Filling hydrology and hydraulic data – details of the catchment draining to the structure if
this can be determined (area, elevation of stream bed for slope, catchment soils,
vegetation, land use and whether in a normal or high rainfall area).
After that you must create output according to the advice from the Applet, but you can choose
another type and size of drainage structure with appropriate reasons. (NOTE: It is strongly
recommended not to select a smaller type and size of structure than advised).
Then go to technical form T12 to answer the questions on:
x Project location – by entering the GPS coordinates of the structure the Project Generator
creates a location plan.
x Road classification and standard – the road classification, standard and width is entered
manually, but if Form T12 has been generated by a Form T11 then the information is
entered the same as the road form.
x Scope of Works – requires information on the type, size and condition of the existing
structure if there is one.
x Materials available for structure construction – a variety of questions about available
structure construction material, its quality, and haul distance to the site.
x Foundation soils including results for DCP tests – description options for type of soil and
DCP test results with GPS coordinates (Possibly enter each DCP test result to Applet
T11 and get the 20 percentile DCP strength).
x Required hydraulic capacity of structure – the design flow and velocity from Applet T12
or engineer.

Example
The example shown is for one of the replacement pipe culverts on the previous example Form
T11 for a road.
1. Template drawing for output code 1010303 (see Part 3 of this Technical Manual)
2. Quantities table to allow calculation of cost estimate (see Part 4 of this Technical
Manual).
3. Specification (see Part 6 of this Technical Manual).



Flowchart for Technical Form T12Transport: Structure

Applet T12 calculates
flow and selects
Hydrological structure
measurements?
Recommended
structure (advice)

Create output
of structure?

General
information?

Form T11 (if
Location? road project)

Road
classification?

No Form T11 when project
is single structure
Existing
structure
information?

Materials
available?

DCP Soils and
measurements 20 percentile DCP

Hydraulic capacity x Drawings
of structure x Quantities



Example Project Generator print Form T12 Transport: Structure

Form T12 Transport : Road structure
(Single pipe culvert 0.8m)

Name of project : Repair of pipe culvert Code of S/C : 31411

1. Location: where is the structure located within the Sangkat/Commune?

*Describe the location
On Chhuk Stream 3km before Som Roang
2. Give the coordinates of the GPS.

X of GPS Y of GPS
304010 1528230
3. Road Classification :

* Road classification: T, ST1, ST2, or ST3. *Road standard: A or B
Classification Road standard Width of pavement (m)
ST3 B 4
4. Scope of work: is the structure part of a road project to be carried out at the same
time or is the work for the structure only?

A part of road project

Structure only.

5. Is there an existing structure and if so what is its condition and description?

If “Yes”, answer only the questions about the existing structure, then go to
question 13. If “ No” go directly to question 13.

Yes

No

6. Describe of existing pipe culvert:

* Material can be: Concrete, Clay, Plastic or steel. Headwalls can be: wood,
masonry, mass concrete, Reinforced concrete, or none.



Number of diameter (m) Pipe material Headwalls Carriageway
pipe width over
culvert
3 0.6 Concrete Masonry 3

7. Describe the existing box culvert.

* Headwall can be: Wood, masonry, mass concrete, reinforced concrete or none.
Road slab can be: on wall or integrated with wall.

Number of Width (m) Height Walls Road slab Carriage
box width over
culvert
8. Describe the existing concrete bridge.

* Abutment material can be: wood, masonry, mass concrete, reinforced concrete,
none. The piers can be: concrete on footing, concrete on piles. Deck material can
be: wood or reinforced concrete.

Number of Width of Height of Abutment Piers Deck Deck
spans each each span material material carriageway
span width(m)
9. Describe the existing steel bridge.

* Steel bridge can be: Bailey, Vietnamese or others. Abutment material can be:
wood, masonry, mass concrete, reinforced concrete or none. The piers can be:
wood on footing, wood on piles, steel on footing, steel on piles, concrete on footing
or concrete on piles. The deck can be: wood or steel plates.

Type Number Width Height Abutment Piers Deck Deck
of spans of each of each material material carriageway
span span width(m)
10. Describe the existing wooden bridge.

* Abutment material can be: wood, masonry, mass concrete, reinforced concrete,
none. The piers can be: wood on footing, wood on piles. Deck material can be:
wood or steel plate.

Number of Width of Height of Abutment Piers Deck Deck
spans each each span material material carriageway
span width(m)
11. Describe the existing drift.

*Road material can be: earth or laterite, stone, concrete or others.

Width of ramp slope Difference in level road material carriageway
crossing (m) between road on width (m)
embankment and
crossing (m)
12. Describe the existing vented causeway.

Road material can be: earth or laterite, stone, concrete or others.



Width of ramp Difference in road carriageway Size of Size of
crossing slope level between material width (m) opening opening
(m) road on Width/Dia Height
embankment
and crossing
(m)
13. What is the condition and cause damage of the structure?

Good, no restriction on traffic (age of structure)

Poor, most 4 wheel traffic can cross with care (bad design, material or
construction)

Bad, impassable to 4 wheel traffic (not suitable for current traffic)

Collapsed and useless (damage by water or flood)

14. Available construction material: Part 1

* For construction material, fill with “Need” below type of material, then fill the
source and distance. If “No need”, fill nothing. Source of fill type 3: borrow pit.
Source of sands: borrow pit or stream bed. Source of gravel: borrow pit or stream
bed.

Type source distance sand source distance gravel source distance
3 fill (km) of (km) of (km)
sands gravel
borrow borrow borrow
Need 0.1 Need 0 Need 2
pit pit pit
15. Part 2

* Source of stone: quarry or stream bed. Type of stone: hard metamorphic rocks
(granite, basalt, etc).

Stone Source of type of distance water source distance
stone stone (km) supply for (km)
concrete
Need quarry Limestone 5 Need pump 0.5
from
village
16. Foundation soils: What kind of soil is the structure founded on ?

* if “others”, answers the following questions.

Soil that is very easily eroded

Normal clay

Sandy soil



Gravel

Earth with big stone in it

Others

17. Others, mention them.

18. Foundation strength of DCP (mm/blow) and location of each test.

* Location: stream bed road centre line, stream bed upstream, stream bed
downstream, left bank abutment, right bank abutment or others.

DCP (mm/blow) location
23 Stream bed road centre line
15 Right bank abutment
35 Stream bed downstream

19. what is the 20 percentile DCP?

30.2

20. Hydrology and required hydraulic capacity of structure: did you use “Applet” to
calculate the design flow, velocity, type and size of structure?

* You can use “Applet T12” to determine the simple flow system, but for the
complicated one, you have to find help from an engineer.

Yes

No

21. Maximum design flow (m3/s) from Applet or engineer is:

* If you use Applet, write down the answer from form T12, worksheet GTFM:C32.

1.91

22. Velocity (m/s) which downstream structure can withstand is

* if you use Applet, write down the answer from form T12, worksheet GTFM:C34

2.83

23. Remark:

Upload “Applet” in which you fill the data to get the design flow, suitable structures
and the velocity above. If you don’t use Applet to get the recommended structure,
give your suitable reasons and upload the related documents that you use to
determine design flow and velocity.



2.7 Irrigation System, Group Output Code 1020000
There are three types of Technical Form for Irrigation Systems:
x Form T21 for Irrigation: Project
x Form T22 for Irrigation: Earthwork
x Form T23 for Irrigation: Structure.
Irrigation is generally the most complex and also usually the least successful infrastructure
output supported by the C/S Fund.
Form T21 is used to establish the requirements and constraints for irrigation. Even if the
proposed output(s) are only an element of a larger irrigation system, it is strongly advised to
complete a Form T21 to define the requirements for the C/S Fund investment. This form is
required only one time for one irrigation system.
Form T22 is used for irrigation earthworks; these can be dams or dykes, canals or drains.
There must be a separate T22 for each earthwork, e.g. if a project comprises a dam and two
canals there must be three T22.
Form T23 is for irrigation structures, e.g. spillway, head regulator, cross regulator, culvert, etc.
There must be a separate T23 for each structure, e.g for the dam and canals above there may
be one spillway, one head regulator, two cross regulators and two culverts requiring six T23.

2.7.1 Form T21 Irrigation: Project
Form
Form T21 requires answers for questions on:
x Project location – by entering the GPS coordinates of the structure (for irrigation projects
choose an identifiable location, e.g. the dam across a stream).
x Description of the project – manual entry summarising details of the project, if the output
is part of a larger project, describe the larger project and the purpose the output will
serve in relation to that project.
x Farmer Water User Community (FWUC) – questions establishing whether there is an
existing FWUC or whether farmers are prepare to form one.
x Operation and maintenance responsibilities – manual entry for proposed operation and
maintenance of the project (Note: failure to implement operation and maintenance
procedures is a primary cause of failure of C/S Fund irrigation investments).
x Irrigation system requirement – these questions establish what the community expects
from the project, in both the dry and wet season.
x Flooding – questions about flooding establish if, when and for how long the irrigated
fields flood each year because this determines the periods and quantities of irrigation
water required (remember that paddy rice is traditional grown on land that floods part of
each year).
x Existing irrigation systems – these questions establish the existing irrigation systems,
their condition, whether they work and the perceived cause of problems.
x Water resources – these questions establish where the irrigation water will come from,
what periods of the year it is available, and how it will be delivered to the fields.



x Rainfall records – the nearest available rainfall record should be entered, each province
should keep on file and update annually the rainfall records so that they are available for
such purpose.
At this stage use applet T21 to calculate the irrigation water requirement on a monthly basis; it
is only necessary to enter the catchment area and chose the month of planting, and then copy
the answer from Appet to the generator.
If it is a reservoir project the applet determines:
x reservoir volume required;
x whether the reservoir is large enough;
x water surplus/deficit downstream before project;
x water surplus/ deficit downstream after project;
x whether the reservoir has a negative impact on irrigation downstream;
x the percentage reduction in water passed downstream; and
x whether the impact downstream is acceptable.
If it is a river intake project the applet determines:
x whether there is enough water at the river intake;
x water surplus/deficit downstream before project;
x water surplus/deficit downstream after project;
x whether the river intake has a negative impact on irrigation downstream;
x the percentage reduction in water passed downstream; and
x whether the impact downstream acceptable.
It is probable that at the first attempt there will be too little water for the reservoir or river intake
proposal to work. The planting date, irrigated area and other design inputs can be adjusted to
find the best solution.
Do not be surprised if a solution is not possible, especially in locations outside the
Mekong floodplain. In many such places the landscape and rainfall patterns are
such that reliable supplementary irrigation by traditional methods is impossible to
achieve.

A final choice is made confirming the ‘work proposed for the irrigation project’.

Example
The example shown is for repair a Khmer Rouge earth dam, and canals for supplementary
irrigation of wet season rice. The work includes a new reservoir spillway and new head
regulator using medium size water gate.
1. 4No Form T22 (for one dam and three canals)
2. 7No Form T23 (for seven structures)



Flowchart for
Technical Form T21 General
Irrigation: Project information?

Location?

FWUC?

O&M?

Irrigation
requirement?

Flooding

Applet calculates irrigation
water requirement,
Existing
reservoir volume, whether
irrigation?
reservoir or river intake
will work, and whether
impact downstream is
Rainfall acceptable
records

Planting Irrigation water
date? requirement

Confirms whether
reservoir or is viable
One Form T22 or T23
generated for each,
earthwork and structure

Forms T22
Confirm each
outputs earthwork

Forms T23
each structure



Example Project Generator print Form T21 Irrigation: Project

Form T21 : Irrigation projet

Name of project : Irrigation project at Bei village
Code of S/C : 31411


1. Location: where is the project located within the Sangkat/Commune?

Chongkoh village

2. Give the coordinate of GPS.

X of GPS Y of GPS
304010 1528230
3. Project description: provide the description about the project including the proposed
components and size of command area.

Repair a Khmer Rouge earth dam, and canals for supplementary irrigation of wet
season rice, include reservoir spillway and new head regulator using medium size
water gate.
4. Farmer water user community: is there a farmer user community to support the project?

* if you chose “No”, skip to question 7.

Yes

No

5. How many farmers (families) are members of the Community?

0

6. Have the farmers discussed together and agreed how they will pay the operation and
maintenance costs of the project?

Yes

No

7. Operation and maintenance responsibilities:

Who will be responsible to do the operation and maintenance?

* if the scheme don’t need a pump, fill with “No need”.



Operate the Open and close Collect water Organize Solve disputes
pump (if the water gates? user fees? maintenance between
scheme needs work? farmers about
a pump)? the water?
No needed Gate keeper commune commune commune
paid by council council council
commune
8. Irrigation system requirement: what is the irrigated area in hectares?

* Remark: if the project will be a part of a big irrigation project, only describe the part that
will be affected by the project.

Wet season dry season
100 0

9. What is the main type of crop that will be grown on the land?

wet season dry season
Rice Nothing

10. How much of the land that has enough water every year already?

Wet season number of families dry season number of families
0 0 0 0

11. How much of the land that has enough water some years?

50 40 0 0

12. How much of the land never has enough water at present?

50 40 0 0

13. Total size of land and total number of families.

* Totalize the size of wet season irrigated area, the number of families, the size of dry
season irrigated area, the number of families.

100 80 0 0

14. Flooding: Do the fields flood for some days each year?

If “Yes”, answer the following questions, if “No”, skip to question 18.



Yes

No

15. How long are the fields flooded (days)?

30

16. What is the flood depth during these days (m)?

0.15

17. What is the flood path, does the water flow concentrate is some places, describe and flow
path(s) on map?

The flood water comes over the fields from the north-west and stays a long time if
the flood in the big to the south-east is big.

18. Existing irrigation system: is there and existing irrigation system?

If “Yes”, answer the following question. If “No” skip to question 28.

Yes

No

19. When was the irrigation system built?

If ‘1980 to 2000’ or ‘After 2000’, answer the following questions. If not, skip one question
below.

French era

Sihanouk era

Khmer Rouge era

1980 to 2000

After 2000.

20. Under what program or which donor paid for the project?

21. Does the system work?

Working

Working 50%



Works a little

Not working

22. What are the main components of the system and what is their condition?

River intake

Reservoir

Dam

Spillways

Large water gates

Canals

Small water gates and culverts

23. What is the condition of the irrigation project?

Answer: Working, works a little, Not working or collapse for the main components of the
system choosing above.

Main components of the system condition
Dam Not working
Spillway Collapsed
Big water gate Not working
Canal A lot of damage
Small water gate and culverts A lot of damage
24. How many months is water available?

< 1 month

1 to 2 months

3 to 4 months

5 months

6 months

> 6 months



25. What do you judge as the main problem with the existing irrigation system?

There is no way of controlling the water, the water does not flow long enough to
guarantee irrigation for rice, but for one month or longer the fields flood and there is
too much water.

26. How can a new irrigation project overcome these problems?

It will make the reservoir work, it will store water for later in the season and help
control flooding. The canal will deliver water to the fields.

27. Do you have any other comments relevant to the proposed irrigation project?

The community does not want to pay to form a FWUC, they say they can manage
amongst themselves as they always have. This may be true but they will have
problems later paying for large maintenance. They need some support on
organisation, O&M and agricultural extension

28. Water resource: where will the water come from?

River

Reservoir

Flood lake

Canal

29. What is the water depth existing river, reservoir, lake or canal each month of the year and
is the water stationary or flowing (include largest river flowing into or out of an existing
reservoir)?

Month depth (m) flowing, not flowing
Jan 0 not flowing
Feb 0 not flowing
Mar 0 not flowing
Apr 0 not flowing
May 0 not flowing
Jun 0.1 not flowing
Jul 0.2 not flowing
Aug 0.5 flowing
Sept 0.1 flowing
Oct 1.2 flowing
Nov 0.9 flowing
Dec 0.3 flowing
30. How will the water be delivered from the source to the distribution canals and fields?

By pumping



By gravity

31. What is the difference in between the lowest water level at the source and the level of the
fields (m)?

* It is recommended to measure the difference in level with a survey instrument.

1.2

32. Irrigation water requirement: remark

Use “Applet T21” to get “monthly water requirement for irrigation” and “gravity flow
capacity per second”.

33. Works proposed for irrigation project: What are the main works items include size that will
be repaired or newly constructed for the Irrigation Project?

* For these following questions, answer only about situation and size of the structures
chosen in this question.

Reservoir

Dam

Spillways

River weir or gate

Head regulator

Secondary canal

Tertiary canal

Canal, water gate or regulator

Off-take

Culverts

34. Reservoir works

Repair or New Area (ha) Volume (m3)
Repair 61 2200000

35. Dam works



* Fill the questionnaire form T22

Repair or New length (m) maximum height (m)
Repair 800 3.5
36. Spillways works


Repair or New length (m) drop (m)
New ........ 4
37. River weir or gates

height water raised
Repair or New length (m)
(m)
38. Head regulator works


Repair or New Number gate size (m)
New 1 0.6
39. Secondary canal works


Repair or New Number Length (m)
Repair 1 1500
40. Tertiary canal works


Repair or New Number Total Length (m)
Repair 1 1000
41. Canal water gates or regulators work


Repair or new number
New 1
42. Off-take works


Repair or new number
New 2
43. Culvert works


Repair or new number size (m) with gate or not
New 2 pipe culvert 0.8 With gate
44. Remark:Upload “Applet T21” that you’ve used into the Project Generator.



2.7.2 Form T22 Irrigation: Earthwork
Forms
Firstly, create output of dam, dyke, canal or drain then open Technical Form T22 which requires
answers for questions on:
x Project location – enter the GPS coordinates of the start and finish of the earthwork.
x Description of earthwork – select from choice of: dam, dyke, canal or drain, also select
whether it is: new, improve, repair or maintenance.
x Traffic use of earthwork – these questions determine whether the earthwork will be used
as a track or road and therefore the required crest width and surfacing (note: it is
common for embankments to serve a dual purpose as a public road and irrigation
earthwork, this complicates maintenance because traffic damage can compromise
irrigation operations.
x Condition of existing dams and dykes – if the earthwork is a dam or dyke the condition
must be entered manual and then a choice made from a list of common causes of
damage.
x Condition of existing canal and drain - if the earthwork is a canal and drain the condition
must be entered manual and then a choice made from a list of common causes of
damage.
x Soils – select either the soils that will be use as (a) fill or (b) excavated for canals or
drains. The advises whether the material is suitable as fill, safe fill or cut slopes, and
whether canals or drains should be lined are provided next to the choices.
x Availability of fill material – if the earthwork is a dam or dyke answers on the type,
questions must be answered concerning the quality, location and distance from site of fill
materials.
x Design of dam or dyke – if the earthwork is a dam or dyke questions the design water
level must be entered, the freeboard to calculate earthwork crest level, whether the
earthwork is a road, the crest width and road surfacing, the upstream and downstream
slopes, the method of slope protection for each slope, the class, thickness and filter
requirements if rock riprap is used on the upstream slope.
x Capacity of canal – Manually multiply the flow rate of canal to the irrigated areas. A
default flow of 2 l/s/ha to the area of fields supplied is used but can be overridden. If the
canal is supplied by pumps the hours pumped each day must be entered to calculate the
pumping rate.
x Capacity of drain – Manually multiply the flow rate of canal to the irrigated areas. A
default flow of 3.5 l/s/ha to the area of fields drained is used but can be overridden.
There are some questions to establish the concept for drainage (this is often overlooked
and becomes another cause for failure). If the drain receives flow from a larger
catchment area, details of this catchment must be entered in the same way as Form T12
Road: Structure in Applet T22 External catchment flow. The required flow capacity of
the drain is the sum of the flow from the fields and that from a larger catchment area.
x Hydraulic design of canal or drain – Having established the required capacity of the
canal or drain the hydraulic calculations are the same and the same applet is used for
both types of channel. It is necessary to enter the upstream and downstream bed levels,
the side slopes and bed width, the freeboard. The calculation is iterative. A water depth
is entered: if it is too small Applet T22 instructs to ‘Increase depth’; if it is too large the



Applet instructs to ‘Decrease depth’; if the depth is correct (within a band of tolerance)
the Applet prints ‘Depth OK’. The Applet then outputs the: minimum height of banks
above bed level; width between tops of bank; and velocity of design flow.
x Responsibility for operation and maintenance – these questions check whether there is
a FWUC to take responsibility for design and maintenance and if not who will carry out
design and maintenance.

Example
The example shown is for rehabilitation of a Khmer Rouge canal downstream from a reservoir.
But in this example the canal must also operate as a drain. Therefore it is necessary to
calculate the required capacities as both a canal and a drain; then use the larger of the two
flows for the hydraulic design of the channel.
1. Template drawing(s) when available for chosen output code(s) (See Part 3 of this
Technical Manual).
2. Spreadsheet for calculation of earthwork quantities (See Part 4 of this Technical
Manual).
3. Quantities table to allow calculation of cost estimate (See Part 4 of this Technical
Manual).
4. Specification (see Part 6 of this Technical Manual).



Flowchart for
Technical Form T22 Create
Irrigation: Earthwork Output?

General
information?

Location?

Description of
earthwork

Traffic use

Condition of dams,
dykes
canals or drains?

Soils?

Design dam or
dyke

Calculation Capacity of Calculation
manually in canal? manually in
Generator Generator

Capacity of
drain? Applet calculates
size of channel
T22 External
catchment flow.xls
Hydraulic design T22-Design canal
canal or drain or drain.xls
Applet calculates flow
from external catchment
Responsibility for
maintenance?

x Drawings
x Earthwork S’S
x Quantities



Example Project Generator print Form T22 Irrigation: Earthwork

Form T22 Irrigation earthworks
(Earth canal)
Name of project : Repair earth canal Code of S/C : 31411

1. Location: where is the project located within the Sangkat/Commune?
Location description:
From the reservoir in Chongkoh village to rice field.
2. Provide the coordinate of GPS.
* First is the starting point, the flow row is the ending point
X of GPS Y of GPS
304010 1528030
304090 1528230
3. What type of earthwork is required?

Build a new earthwork

Improve the existing earthwork

earthwork (e.g. raise or deepen, widen, add road surfacing)

Repair a badly damage earthwork

Periodic maintenance
4. Traffic use of earthwork: Is the earthwork used as a public road or for farm access?
If “Not used” skip to question 11.

Public road

Farm access

Not used
5. Has the earthwork ever had Laterite or any other kind of improved surface in the past?

Yes

No
6. Is there any Laterite or any other kind of surface on the earthwork now?



Yes

No
7. What is the largest vehicle that uses the earthwork?

Passenger car

People walking

Motorcycle

Motor-remorque

Bicycle

Animal cart

Light vehicle/van

Koyun

Medium truck (6 tyres)

Heavy truck (6 tyres)

Bus (>4 tyres)

Mini-bus (4 tyres).
8. Approximately how many of these vehicles use the earthwork per day?
* In PCU units, you can use Applet T11 to help your calculation of the number of vehicle.
0
9. According the traffic of vehicle above, what type of pavement is suitable for this
earthwork?
* if the number of vehicle is < 21 ‘Earth surface is satisfactory’.
* if the number of vehicle is < 25 ‘Light Laterite surface is satisfactory’
* If number of vehicles is <100 ‘Medium Laterite surface is satisfactory’
* If number of vehicles is >100 ‘Too much traffic for Laterite surface consider other
option’.
10. Condition of the existing dams or dykes and Canals or drains: describe the condition of
the existing earthwork.
The banks are eroded, breach and broken down so that water from the reservoir
goes everywhere and often floods the fields.



11. What causes most damage to the earthwork?
* if “Other”, answer the question 12

Dam: traffic, people or animal

Erosion from rain

Wave damage from reservoir of flooding

Flooding overtopping and breaching

Flooding overtopping and breaching

Water flow along channels at toe or structures

Others

Canal: too small for flow

Blocked by weed

Silted-up

Bank erosion
12. If “Others” mention them.
13. Soils: What kind of soil is at the project site, (a) for use as fill, (b) for excavating canals
and drains?

Clay group, stable slope: upstream 1:2.00, downstream 1:1.75, Canal and drain
1:1.25

Sandy group, stable slope: upstream 1:2.50, downstream 1:2.00, Canal and
drain 1:1.50

Silty soil, stable slope: upstream “not suitable”, downstream “not suitable”, Canal
and drain 1:1.50

Dispersive clay, upstream “not suitable”, downstream “not suitable”, canal and
drain : Line canal

Organic soils, upstream “not suitable, downstream “not suitable”, canal and drain
: Line canal.
14. Material for road construction: remark
Skip the materias which are not chosen for road construction.
15. Fill material from borrow beside earth works.



Meets the specification requirement for type 3 fill

Exceeds specification for Type 3 Fill with high clay content
16. Fill material from remote borrow pit
* fill material can be 1. Meets the specification for type 3 fill, 2. Exceeds specification for
type 3 fill with high clay content.
Suitability, source (km).
Suitability source (km)
Exceeds specification for type 3 3
17. Sands
* Source: borrow pit, stream bed.
Source distance (km)
18. Gravel
* Source: borrow pit, stream bed
.Source distance (km)
19. Laterite
* Source: borrow pit, stream bed. Quality: Good, medium or poor.
Source Quality distance (km)

20. Stone
* Source: quarry, stream bed. Type: granite, basalt, limestone…
Source type distance (km)
21. Water supply for earthwork
Source distance (km)
Bottom of reservoir 1
22. Design of dam and dyke: What is reservoir full supply level at dam or flood levels at dyke
(m)?
23. What freeboard will be allowed (m)?
* You can get the values of freeboard from PIM.
24. Dam or dyke crests level (before any road surface is added), (m).
25. Will the dam or dyke be used as a road?
26. What is the crest width?
27. Will the crest be surfaced?
If “Others”, answer the following question.

Not surfaced


2009 ncdd-csf-technical-manual-vol-i-study-design-guidelines

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