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1. Thin-Film Photovoltaic Technology
Compared to Crystalline Technology
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2. TECHNOLOGY TRACK RECORD
• Thin Film Panels have been produced since 1983.
• Currently there are more than 500,000 square feet of Thin Film PV
Roofing Systems in operation worldwide
• To date, there have been more than 35 MW of thin film PV products
produced and delivered with less than a 0.01% return rate.
• Star 8 PV technology has been tested by major national test labs and
has been proven as a stable, efficient, durable photovoltaic
technology.
• Star 8 currently produces the most flexible, durable, stable, and
the highest energy-producing photovoltaic products in the world.
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3. CRYSTALLINE PV VS.
TRIPLE-JUNCTION PV
The Star 8 Triple-Junction PV products have significant advantages
when compared to crystalline technology PV products. They are
flexible, lightweight, and have better performance at actual operating
temperatures, under lower light intensities, and even when damaged
(unlikely due to the durability of the PV Laminate).
* Based on data from independent studies (ECN, NREL, TISO)
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STAR 8 FLEXISTAR 8 FLEXISTAR 8 FLEXISTAR 8 FLEXI

4. LIGHTWEIGHT & FLEXIBLE
The Star 8 PV panels achieve their lightweight and
flexibility advantages over the glass-based crystalline PV
panels through the following:
• Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon thickness = Less than 1 Micron
• Stainless Steel substrate = 5 mil
• Protective Coating = ETFE Film
• Average Weight = .7 lbs/sq ft
Glass-Based PV Panels are rigid and relatively fragile. They are
almost four times heavier per square foot due to the use of
glass as a laminating/protecting material. The required metal
framing adds additional weight.
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5. IS LESS SENSITIVE TO HIGHER
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
What the following chart shows:
• Rated PV module output is measured at a cell
temperature of 25°Centigrade (77°Fahrenheit).
• Normal operating cell temperatures range from 50°C
to 70°C (122°F to 158°F).
• At normal operating temperatures (60°C), actual
output for crystalline is 16% lower than rated power.
• At normal operating temperatures (60°C), actual
output for STAR 8 is 4% lower than rated power.
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6. 24 30
PR
IS LESS SENSITIVE
TO HIGHER AMBIENT TEMPERATUREPerformance Ratio (PR) of module vs. initial power (source: TISO)
1.00
0.95
0.90
Operating Zone
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0 6 12 18
Ambient temperature (°C)
Crystalline Si- system 36
Lab testing
mono-Si poly-Si amorphous Si
0 25 40 50 55 60 65 70
Cell Temperature (°C)
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7. ENERGY PRODUCTION
TIME
Area under each curve represents daily energy production
STAR 8 Energy Production > Equally-Rated Crystalline
primarily due to better output at lower light intensity
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8. EFFECTS OF SHADING OR SOILING
_ Sources of soiling:
• Bird droppings
• Water puddling
• Concentrations of dust/dirt
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SILICON CRYSTAL PV MODULE CELL CONNECTIONS
Shade/Soil any one cell = Output loss of 50% (typically 2 bypass diodes in the J-box)
Area of shade/soiling required to cover one cell = 4” x 4” (16 sq in)
_ +
BYPASS DIODES ACROSS EACH CELL
STAR 8 PV MODULE CELL CONNECTIONS
Shade/Soil any one cell = Output loss of <4.5% (22-cell Laminate)
Area of shade/soiling required to cover one cell = 9” x 14” (126 sq in)
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9. DURABILITY – EFFECTS OF
DAMAGE TO PV PANELS
• Chance of damage to PV panels is increased due to the fact that roof
surfaces require access by service personnel.
• STAR 8 PV Laminates are extremely durable and can sustain
much greater impact than glass-based PV panels.
• STAR 8 PV Laminates can sustain significant damage and still
produce most of their rated power.
• The output of glass-based PV panels drops to zero over time
following damage to glass surface (even small cracks) due to the
penetration of moisture.
• Removal and replacement of glass-based PV panels can be
expensive and can result in damage to other panels.
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